SHIRSHOV INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY 75 YEARS OLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
A. V. Sokov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
International Projects

This year in 2021, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology celebrated 75 years old. Shirshov Institute is the largest and oldest research center of seas and oceans in Russia. In the past and present of the Institute, there are many significant discoveries and developments for world oceanology, the most complex expeditions and large-scale international projects. I am sure that our future as a Center for the Study of the World Ocean will be no less rich and bright.

scholarly journals Can We Infer Diapycnal Mixing Rates from the World Ocean Temperature–Salinity Distribution?

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3751-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Arzel ◽  
Alain Colin de Verdière
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Eddy Diffusivity ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Diapycnal Mixing ◽  
Inverse Models ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe turbulent diapycnal mixing in the ocean is currently obtained from microstructure and finestructure measurements, dye experiments, and inverse models. This study presents a new method that infers the diapycnal mixing from low-resolution numerical calculations of the World Ocean whose temperatures and salinities are restored to the climatology. At the difference of robust general circulation ocean models, diapycnal diffusion is not prescribed but inferred. At steady state the buoyancy equation shows an equilibrium between the large-scale diapycnal advection and the restoring terms that take the place of the divergence of eddy buoyancy fluxes. The geography of the diapycnal flow reveals a strong regional variability of water mass transformations. Positive values of the diapycnal flow indicate an erosion of a deep-water mass and negative values indicate a creation. When the diapycnal flow is upward, a diffusion law can be fitted in the vertical and the diapycnal eddy diffusivity is obtained throughout the water column. The basin averages of diapycnal diffusivities are small in the first 1500 m [O(10−5) m2 s−1] and increase downward with bottom values of about 2.5 × 10−4 m2 s−1 in all ocean basins, with the exception of the Southern Ocean (50°–30°S), where they reach 12 × 10−4 m2 s−1. This study confirms the small diffusivity in the thermocline and the robustness of the higher canonical Munk’s value in the abyssal ocean. It indicates that the upward dianeutral transport in the Atlantic mostly takes place in the abyss and the upper ocean, supporting the quasi-adiabatic character of the middepth overturning.

Experience and Plans for Rationalization of Small-Scale Fisheries in India

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177
Author(s):  
P. C. George
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Small Craft

Small-scale fisheries have traditionally been the backbone of the fishing industry all over the world. Although large-scale mechanized fishing has come into the limelight recently, even such countries as have developed substantial capability in this direction still have a large fleet of small boats in coastal areas. The landings of this sector of the industry are always substantial, and in many countries they still dominate the picture. In India, small-scale fisheries landed almost 1.15 million tons in 1971. This figure has been increasing as motor-powered small craft have increased in numbers, although 70% of marine fish is still caught from nonpowered boats. Measures taken to increase fishing capacity, landings, and net fishermen’s income over the past 10 years include various kinds of loans and subsidies for the purchase of boats, motors, and nets; assistance for the construction of ponds in inland areas; organization of cooperatives; training programs for fishermen and supporting personnel, especially motor repairmen (with the cooperation of Norway); and gear and vessel research including pilot-scale demonstrations with new types of vessels and equipment.

scholarly journals TO THE 80th ANNIVERSARY OF BYSHEV – A MEMBER OF THE POLYGON–70 EXPEDITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
A. V. Sokov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Dr. Vladimir I. Byshev – mathematician, oceanologist, Head of the Laboratory of large-scale variability of hydrophysical fields of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences. Vladimir Byshev is a major scientist in the study of the temporal and spatial variability of oceanological and meteorological characteristics in a wide range of scales, features of the interaction of the ocean and atmosphere, large-scale disturbances of the climate system, an active direct participant in two dozen scientific expeditions, including such large ocean projects as Polygon–70, POLYMODE, Megapolygon, Atlantex–90, as well as a number of expeditions to the regions of the western boundary currents of the Atlantic Ocean and the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean, in which new, previously unknown elements of the circulation of the World Ocean were discovered. He is an expert in the field of climate, a member of the Editorial boards of several scientific journals and the author of over 200 scientific publications. He is a co-author of the Atlas POLYMODE (1986), the largest international oceans research project, and the author of the well-known monograph “Synoptic and large-scale variability of the ocean and atmosphere”.

scholarly journals Reviewing the global economy: the UN and Bretton Woods systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Oram
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

Humankind has been searching for millennia for ways to govern itself at large scale and over great distances. Overwhelmingly, the dominant solution had been the creation of empires, defined as multi-ethnic or multinational states with political and/or military dominion over populations who are culturally and ethnically distinct from the ruling imperial ethnic group and its culture. In the modern Westphalian era of the past several centuries, a hybrid system of governance around the world emerged, comprising the nation state (in Europe and the Americas) and international empires (across Africa, Asia and Oceania).

Disclosure of Scandinavian telecom companies’ corruption in Uzbekistan: The role of investigative journalists

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Pollack ◽  
Sigurd Allern
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Good For ◽  
Public Sectors

Transparency International’s yearly Corruption Perceptions Index ranks Scandinavia as one of the least corrupt regions in the world. However, during the past decades, large Scandinavian corporations in the telecommunications, oil and defence industries have – in their struggle for business contracts in other countries – been involved in several large-scale bribery scandals. There has also been a growing range of corruption cases in the Swedish and Norwegian public sectors. In many of these cases, investigative journalists have played a crucial role in the disclosure of corruption, sometimes cooperating across media organisations and countries, demonstrating the importance of journalism as a public good for democracy. In this article, we explore, discuss and analyse the work of and methods used by investigative journalists in revealing large-scale corruption related to the expansion of Nordic telecom companies in Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Turkey, from Negotiation to War

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Seevan Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Guerrilla War ◽  
The World ◽  
Kurdish Question ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kemal Ataturk ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

"While Mustafa Kemal Ataturk claimed on reconciliation within his country and with the world, we are now witnessing Turkish conflicts and tensions with all the countries of the region and the Turkish interior, with various factions and with the Kurds in particular. After 30 years of costly war between the state and the Kurdish movement, for the first time public negotiations began between the two. The famous speech of Ocalan was announced in Diyarbakir (March 2013). The movement has invested in this relatively peaceful environment and has begun to promote the Cultural Nationalism for the Kurds and other minorities on a large scale. But this atmosphere of peace and freedom did not last long. The state abruptly overthrew the peace process with representatives of the Kurdish movement by detaining thousands of its leaders. The guerrilla war began again, in many areas. The army has chased activists in houses and streets in cities such as Sur, Jazira, Naseebin and Sirnak. Some parts of the Kurdish areas have been destroyed, displacing about one million civilians. This research has tried to explain why the state has returned to its old policy of security and military approach, although in the past few years it has repeatedly claimed that it is possible to deal with the Kurdish question through peace and reconciliation. The research tries to study the complex relationship between these two poles."

Large-Scale, Persistent Nutrient Fronts of the World Ocean: Impacts on Biogeochemistry

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime B. Palter ◽  
Irina Marinov ◽  
Jorge L. Sarmiento ◽  
Nicolas Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
The World

scholarly journals ON PHYSICAL AND DYNAMICAL FRONTS IN THE OCEAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Gruzinov
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Stationary Processes ◽  
Vertical Diffusion ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
The World

A review of the works of Yu. Ivanov devoted to the study of the front zones of the world ocean is made. He, in fact, made the transition from the study of mean stationary processes to quasi-periodic and non-stationary. Yu. Ivanov developed a constructive formula to compute the speed of Ekman swap on the field purely zonal wind, which allowed us to track seasonal movements of Antarctic zones of divergence and convergence. Ivanov first introduced the concept of dynamic front as a region of divergence or convergence of the flow, in contrast to the physical front, as the region of maximum horizontal gradients characteristics. Analyzing the equation of vertical diffusion, he shows that the physical fronts are on the periphery of the dynamic fronts. The general map of the location of the main front zones in the Southern ocean was obtained by processing the large-scale observations on the 86 meridian sections. In addition, he compared the position of the selected fronts, with the results of previous studies, in particular,with the works of Deacon and Mackintosh together with B. A. Tareev. Based on the developed method of calculations and the type of atmospheric pressure he developed a simple calculation scheme,which allowed to estimate the speed of vertical flows depending on the distance to the center of the cyclone. Based on typical pressure maps, it is possible to determine the zones in which favorable dynamic conditions for zooplankton accumulations are created. This is also one of the practical applications developed by the method of calculation of the position of the front zones in the ocean.

HR Issues Towards Managing MSMEs Operating in India During Globalization Trends (with Special Reference to HR Outsourcing)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tweena Pandey ◽  
Abhishek Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Medium And Small Enterprises ◽  
Processing Period ◽  
Day By Day

If you have never entered the world of subcontracting it seems a puzzling blend of products, rigid selling and in the past has carried a bad reputation. Today, when grooming with different parameters of economies is becoming harder for every industrialist day by day, it is for sure that this disaster of cost- knitting is affecting one of the upcoming sectors of present commercial age and that is SMEs. If one talks about Medium and Small Enterprises, one can simply say that they also act as feeder to the large scale enterprises, which are into support production activities for the big enterprises. As it is known that they have a small gestation period (processing period), i.e. stalk in- product out, which further acts fast profit generation to the domestic scale of production as compared to large enterprises. But still if one focuses upon its competency mainly in comparison to the globalized standards, nevertheless one stands far behind, irrespective of availability of sufficient resources. Here the big question arises that in what terms and why? This review is an attempt to navigate some upcoming disasters in concern with managing the workforce employed in these small and medium enterprises, especially with respect to manage the cost incurred over the human capital- “A key capital for strengthening the enterprise's credentials”.

scholarly journals Clinical Trials: New Developments

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-443
Author(s):  
Louis-Philippe Boulet
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Collaborative Activity ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Projects

Canadian respiratory health research is recognized as being among the best worldwide. Many Canadian researchers are leaders in international projects, including large scale clinical trials. There is, however, a need to develop a structure that could foster the collaboration of Canadian investigators in joint projects of this sort. In the past few years, discussions have taken place on what could be a Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) Clinical Trials Group. This is a wonderful opportunity to put forward such an initiative, in the context of the new Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), where this type of collaborative activity fits quite well with the goals of this new institution.

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