scholarly journals STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICALLY OBSOLETE BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Mikhail Berlinov ◽  
Marina Belinova ◽  
Roman Korol ◽  
Aleksandr Tvorogov
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Concrete Element ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Zone Radius ◽  
Initial Characteristic

The problems and prospects of existing methods of strengthening the foundations of physically obsolete buildings are outlined, which is relevant for the preservation of buildings of architectural and historical value, as well as for mass renovation in large cities in cramped conditions with a high density of existing buildings. Method of calculation of hollow rectangular and round sections filled with concrete during bending is considered. In this article the dependence of compacted zone radius on initial characteristic of soil density and diameter of pressed pipe concrete element is analyzed. The conclusion is formed that the method of arrangement of the pipe-concrete horizontal distributor for simultaneous reinforcement of soil of the base and foundations chosen for the study allows to regulate the process of leveling the building settlement as a whole, and is also the most environmentally safe and does not negatively affect the surrounding buildings and structures.

scholarly journals The influence of the length of the lining on the speed of movement of the pallet on the centrifugal friction roller

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505
Author(s):  
E.V. Safronov ◽  
◽  
A.L. Nosko ◽  
A.I. Balashova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
High Density ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Comparative Calculation ◽  
Speed Governor ◽  
Friction Lining

Pallet flow rack is one of the high-density storage systems. One of the main safety elements of the systems is a brake roller. Centrifugal frictional brake is the widely used type of the brake rollers, which used as speed governor for the pallet. The known method of calculation of the pallet speed on the flow rack does not take into account the length of the friction lining. In reality, the contact of the friction lining and the roller shell occurs in an arc that reaches the full length of the lining during operation. The method of calculating the speed of movement of the pallet on a centrifugal friction roller is given, and a calculation formula is obtained that allows taking into account the uniform distribution of the force of the normal pressure along the length of the lining. The results of a comparative calculation are presented, which showed that the speed of the pallet movement when taking into account the length of the lining is lower than the values obtained without taking it into account. It is found that if the lining length is up to 70 mm, it can be ignored in the calculations using a simpler formula, and if the lining length is more than 70 mm, it is recommended to use the calculation formula obtained in the work.

scholarly journals Environmental situation in construction, reconstruction and re-profiling of facilities in high-density urban development

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Topchiy ◽  
Ekaterina Kochurina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
High Density ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Local Law ◽  
High Density Housing

The article studies a set of potential impacts of construction on the environment in the conditions of high-density housing development: the existing buildings, ecological state of water, ground, air and natural components, and the residents of adjacent territories. Given the absence of a compulsory legislative basis regulating the permissibility and limit values of these impacts, the authors propose a comprehensive assessment of the organizational and technological tool that would help reduce the hazardous impact of new construction. Authors have analyzed the foreign experience in improving the environmental safety and comfort in the construction sector and considered the possibility of widespread implementation of certification systems based on local law, which would allow for the problem of the construction impact on the ecological situation to be solved system-wide.

scholarly journals High-density macroseismic survey in urban areas. Part 1: proposal for a methodology and its application to the city of Rome

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cifelli ◽  
S. Donati ◽  
F. Funiciello ◽  
A. Tertulliani
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Large City ◽  
High Density ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Data Density ◽  
The City ◽  
Macroseismic Survey

The aim of this research is to provide an original contribution to the investigation of local macroseismic variations in urban areas by means of questionnaire surveys. In this paper, we propose a methodology to investigate earthquake effects in large cities. This procedure for a high-density macroseismic survey is here applied to the city of Rome (Italy) during the September 1997-April 1998 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) seismic sequence. A sort of macroseismic network in the urban area was arranged, thanks to the co-operation of public high schools, where ad hoc macroseismic questionnaires were delivered to students. This method provided us with a large amount of macroseismic information related to the October 14, 1997 (Mw =-5.6; I0 VIII MCS; h ?10 km) and March 26, 1998 (Mw = 5.3; I0 = VII MCS;h ?50 km) earthquakes. In the first survey, 949 useful questionnaires were collected in 10 high schools and related to 669 observation points. For the second event, 1083 useful questionnaires were collected in 27 high schools and related to 928 (+39%) observation points. The mean data density in the urbanized sector reached 3.4 data/km2 in the first survey and rose to 4.7 (+38%) data/km2 in the second one. Such a high density was hardly achieved in previous macroseismic surveys in large cities. The sample reliability was checked considering the data distribution versus urban setting inhomogeneity and the percentage distribution of the main lithological units outcropping in the investigated area. Such reliability was also confirmed by the check of the data density distribution. All results confirm that the data sample is largely representative. Both the applications here shown proved that this method can be successfully performed in a large city.

scholarly journals Analysis of Small Building Plots in Areas with High Density of Building

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
K. M. Kaczorek
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Supply Optimization ◽  
Small Building ◽  
Construction Works

Abstract Author explains a necessity of supply optimization to construction sites with small storage areas. This paper takes account of conditions existing in Poland. From among all factors discussed by the author, first of all, we should point at construction works on plots located in densely built-up areas, obtained by demolition of existing buildings, as well as a necessity of plots utilization after demolished buildings that technical conditions do not allow for further exploitation.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of the River Network Structure and Urbanization on Waterlogging in High-Density Urban Areas—A Case Study of the Pudong New Area in Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Liu ◽  
Mengnan Lin ◽  
Chunlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
River Network ◽  
High Density ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Pudong New Area

In the process of urbanization, high-intensity human activities have seriously disturbed the river networks, especially in the core urban areas of large cities. At present, a series of urban water environmental problems, such as urban waterlogging and non-point pollution, caused by damage to the river network structure and the decrease in surface permeability conditions in high-density urban areas have received widespread attention. In this study, the effects of the river network structure and urbanization on urban waterlogging were analyzed in the Pudong New Area by using the data of waterlogging sites on the Amap. The results showed that the average water surface ratio is 10.9%, the average river network density is 4.59 km/km2, and the comprehensive impervious ratio is 42.8%. From northwest to southeast, the impervious ratio of the Pudong New Area decreases gradually, and the water surface ratio and the river density increase gradually, while the areas with high waterlogging density are mainly concentrated in the northwest districts. The correlation coefficients indicate that the river network structure (−0.710 and −0.716) has a greater impact on waterlogging than urbanization (0.608) does. The current water surface ratio (10.9%) of the study area generally meets the requirements of the suitable water surface ratio (10.0%) in a rainfall return period of 50 years. However, the water surface ratio and the river density in about half of the districts did not meet the requirements of the suitable river network structure.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX OF THE URBAN POPULATION OF THE BAIKAL REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Ржавская
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Quality Of Life Index

В представленной работе отражены социально-экономические и демографические аспекты качества жизни городского населения. Анализ рассматриваемого показателя проводился по пяти ключевым сферам качества жизни – демографическая ситуация, здравоохранение, социальное обеспечения, трудовая и образовательная сферы. На основе анализа ряда статистических данных были выявлены наиболее динамичные показатели, отражающие существенные различия между исследуемыми городами Байкальского региона – Иркутском, Улан-Удэ и Читой. Для оценки качества жизни городского населения была разработана авторская методика расчета через одноименный индекс. В статье также представлено краткое описание методики и результаты ее апробации на массиве статистических данных по крупным городам Байкальского региона. The presented work reflects the socio-economic and demographic aspects of the quality of life of the urban population. The analysis of this indicator was carried out in five key areas of quality of life – demographic situation, health, social security, labor and education. Based on the analysis of a number of statistical data, the most dynamic indicators were identified, reflecting significant differences between the studied cities of the Baikal region – Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude and Chita. To assess the quality of life of the urban population, the author's method of calculation was developed using the index of the same name. The article also provides a brief description of the methodology and the results of its testing on an array of statistical data on large cities in the Baikal region.

FEATURES OF PLACEMENT OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN THE STRUCTURE OF CITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Viktor P. GENERALOV ◽  
Elena M. GENERALOVA ◽  
Ivan I. SOKOLOV
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Density ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
High Rise ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Correct Ratio ◽  
The Way

The article is devoted to the search for modern approaches in creating high density buildings due to the inclusion of high-rise buildings in the structure of large cities. The way from the beginning of the construction of the first high-rises in the cities of Europe and up to the present period is analyzed. The study revealed the main errors that were made when placing skyscrapers in European cities, their subsequent negative impact on the att itude to these types of buildings. In addition, the authors propose when locating high-rise buildings, determine their typological and functional structure, the correct ratio and richness of various functional serving elements, the number and density of high-rise buildings in the territory allocated for their construction. It is concluded that only with the observance of these basic principles can a convenient, comfortable, affordable, modern, constantly updated urban environment be created.

Planar defects in ordered (Ga,In)P

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 902-903
Author(s):  
S. McKernan ◽  
C. B. Carter ◽  
D. Bour ◽  
J. R. Shealy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ternary Semiconductors ◽  
Anion Species ◽  
Metallic Vapor

The growth of ternary III-V semiconductors by organo-metallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) is widely practiced. It has been generally assumed that the resulting structure is the same as that of the corresponding binary semiconductors, but with the two different cation or anion species randomly distributed on their appropriate sublattice sites. Recently several different ternary semiconductors including AlxGa1-xAs, Gaxln-1-xAs and Gaxln1-xP1-6 have been observed in ordered states. A common feature of these ordered compounds is that they contain a relatively high density of defects. This is evident in electron diffraction patterns from these materials where streaks, which are typically parallel to the growth direction, are associated with the extra reflections arising from the ordering. However, where the (Ga,ln)P epilayer is reasonably well ordered the streaking is extremely faint, and the intensity of the ordered spot at 1/2(111) is much greater than that at 1/2(111). In these cases it is possible to image relatively clearly many of the defects found in the ordered structure.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

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