scholarly journals An investigation into the factors that influence the perceived experiences and outcomes for students training in Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy in the UK and USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy McQuaid
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Psychotherapy Training ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith, 1995) was applied to data from 21 out of 50 participants who had shared their training experiences during semi-structured interviews.  Subjects were chosen from trainees and trainers in the USA and UK, to include ‘generations’ from those trained by transactional analysis originator Dr Eric Berne through to recently qualified transactional analysis psychotherapists, and including some who had ceased training before qualifying.Results suggest that TA psychotherapy training is experienced by some as a transformational, life enhancing and reparative experience that culminates in a satisfying and rewarding career, whilst for others it is perceived as an abusive, punitive and punishing experience, bringing disillusionment, disappointment and dissatisfaction.  The main contributing factors were the students’ personal belief systems, motivations for undertaking the training, and relationships with the trainer, peers and the profession as a whole. Analysis of the themes suggested that subsequent anxieties raised by participants concerned lack of information, inconsistencies in training offered by different establishments, reasons for trainees entering training and trainers’ reasons for accepting them, and the significant time and resource requirements of the training.  The paper includes recommendations aimed at making the training experience one that upholds the basic philosophical principles and values of TA, and promotes, develops and enhances TA psychotherapy training.

scholarly journals Identity in transition: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of international humanitarian workers’ experiences of returning home

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Marie Wersig ◽  
Kevin Wilson-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Humanitarian Work

AbstractThis interpretative phenomenological analysis explores aid workers’ understanding of identity and belonging through the transition from working in humanitarian aid to returning home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants who had returned to the UK after working in recently founded non-governmental organisations in Northern France between 2016 and 2019. Analysis of interview data identified four superordinate themes: (1) shared humanitarian identity, (2) limits and borders, (3) holding on to humanitarian identity and (4) redefining belonging and identity. Aid workers’ belonging in humanitarian work settings is rooted in shared moral values and being able to fulfil a clearly defined role. Upon returning, aid workers struggled to reintegrate, manifesting as denial of having left humanitarian work, re-creation of the social setting and moral demarcation. Participants formed a new sense of belonging through redefining their social in-group. The study sheds light on a previously unexplored area of research, specifically characterised through the closeness of the international humanitarian setting and participants’ homes. Findings suggest organisations can assist aid workers’ re-entry by supporting professional distance in the field, and through opportunities that allow to sustain moral values post-mission. Future research should focus on the role of peer support in the re-entry process and the re-entry experiences of aid workers returning from comparable settings further afield (e.g. Greece).

The reproduction of educational elites through natural cultivation. A qualitative analysis of educational child-rearing practices as strategies of cultural distinction

Soziale Welt ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-83
Author(s):  
Tim Sawert
Keyword(s):  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

During the last decades, the socially inclusive educational expansion diluted the previous exclusiveness of upper secondary degrees. Unlike the UK, the USA, or France, no explicit “elite” institutions do exist in the German educational system. Nevertheless, educational inequality is no less pronounced. Hence, what child-rearing practices do educationally privileged families in Germany apply to intergenerationally transfer their social privilege in times of educational expansion? The article focusses on one such practice: the acquisition of humanist knowledge by learning Latin and Ancient Greek as a strategy of cultural distinction. To analyse educational strategies and whether people draw lines of distinction along knowledge in Latin and Ancient Greek, I conducted semi-structured interviews with parents of adolescents who had chosen different foreign language profiles. I show how the acquisition of this specific symbolic capital is embedded in a child-rearing practice aimed at obtaining horizontal educational distinction for a privileged academic class. Additionally, I show that the highly privileged status of particularly established academic families results in a child-rearing practice that I call natural cultivation, a more invisible strategy of distinctive child-rearing that appears almost passive compared to those already discussed more widely (e.g. Lareau 2003).

scholarly journals Understanding the lived experience of British non-offending paedophiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Harriet Dymond ◽  
Simon Duff
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Research into paedophilia mainly uses offender samples; thus, little is understood about non-offending paedophiles. The limited body of research has been conducted in North America or Europe whose health and legal systems differ from those in the UK. Using semi-structured interviews, the purpose of this study is to explore the experience of three non-offending British paedophilic males. Design/methodology/approach The interview discussed their paedophilia, refraining from offending and perspectives on treatment initiatives. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Three superordinate themes emerged: “paedophilia as more than a sexuality,” “acceptance leads to management” and “barriers to support.” These encapsulated how paedophilia was understood, how accepting one’s sexual attraction is tantamount to well-being and the various obstacles to providing support were discussed. Research limitations/implications Acknowledging the sampling considerations (size and recruitment), the results implicate research into paedophilia. The onset of paedophilia was chronologically associated with typical sexual attraction, and not the result of sexual abuse as some theories suggest. Furthermore, the tenets of attraction to children extending beyond sexual desire were highlighted. Practically, the results influence future research into the area and highlight the dearth in our understanding of diverse behavioural management techniques (i.e. computerised images of children or human-like dolls). Originality/value This paper presents novel insight into the aspects of paedophilia, excluding offensive behaviour and highlights the need for affordable, UK-based services targeted towards people with a paedophilic attraction to manage child sexual abuse preventatively and not reactively.

Taught resilience programmes: a case study from the perspective of employees of a large pharmaceutical company based in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Frances Costello
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Personal Resilience ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

PurposeResearch was undertaken to understand whether taught resilience programmes which highlight the protective factors of resilience would impact individual resilience outcomes. The research focussed on specific resilience dimensions, change agility, physical, emotional and mental resilience, purpose in life and recovery; in an attempt to bridge the gap in understanding whether it is possible through taught programmes to improve resilience through the creation of new habits.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis methods and used semi-structured interviews with 12 participants to understand participants lived experience of a one-day personal resilience programme, conducted within a private global manufacturing organisation.FindingsThe research found that all 12 participants interviewed 12–18 months post-programme made sustainable habits changes increasing personal resilience levels. Participants built new habits into their everyday lives, in the physical dimension exercising more regularly, taking breaks, changes in nutrition and creating better sleep patterns. Through increased understanding of emotional intelligence participants were able to react more favourably to adverse situations and through mental increased resilience focus achieve work and home priorities. In understanding the change journey participants found that they were able to move more quickly through the change cycle. Almost all participants found understanding their life purpose difficult and were not able to give a conclusive answer to what this might be, they found that attending the programme helped reflection in this dimension.Originality/valueThe paper includes an overview of previous resilience research but differs in its examination of the impact of a specific taught resilience programme in a large private sector organisation using IPA methodology.

Organised crime goes online: realities and challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lavorgna
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internet Crime ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Police Records ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide an empirically based description of how the Internet is exploited by different types of organised crime groups (OCGs), ranging from Italian mafia-style groups to looser gangs. Design/methodology/approach – The article relies on a dataset collected from mid-2011 to mid-2013 and, specifically, on semi-structured interviews to law enforcement officials and acknowledged experts in Italy, the UK, the USA and The Netherlands; judicial transcripts; police records; and media news. Findings – This article provides an account of the main scope for which the Internet has been used for various criminal activities traditionally associated with the organised crime rhetoric, first and foremost, cross-border trafficking activities. This study also discusses some current legal and policy approaches to deal with OCGs operating online. Originality/value – This contribution addresses an under-investigated research field and aims to foster a reflection on the opportunity to integrate Internet crime research, and even more Internet crime investigations, into the everyday routines of criminologists, analysts and law enforcement officers.

scholarly journals What do blind people “see” with retinal prostheses? Observations and qualitative reports of epiretinal implant users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia Erickson-Davis ◽  
Helma Korzybska
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Artificial Vision ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Natural Vision ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIntroduction: Retinal implants have now been approved and commercially available for certain clinical populations for over 5 years, with hundreds of individuals implanted, scores of them closely followed in research trials. Despite these numbers, however, few data are available that would help us answer basic questions regarding the nature and outcomes of artificial vision: what do participants see when the device is turned on for the first time, and how does that change over time?Methods: Semi-structured interviews and observations were undertaken at two sites in France and the UK with 16 participants who had received either the Argus II or IRIS II devices. Data were collected at various time points in the process that implant recipients went through in receiving and learning to use the device, including initial evaluation, implantation, initial activation and systems fitting, re-education and finally post-education. These data were supplemented with data from interviews conducted with vision rehabilitation specialists at the clinical sites and clinical researchers at the device manufacturers (Second Sight and Pixium Vision). Observational and interview data were transcribed, coded and analyzed using an approach guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).Results: Implant recipients described the perceptual experience produced by their epiretinal implants as fundamentally, qualitatively different than natural vision. All used terms that invoked electrical stimuli to describe the appearance of their percepts, yet the characteristics used to describe the percepts varied significantly between participants. Artificial vision for these participants was a highly specific, learned skill-set that combined particular bodily techniques, associative learning and deductive reasoning in order to build a “lexicon of flashes” - a distinct perceptual vocabulary that they then used to decompose, recompose and interpret their surroundings. The percept did not transform over time; rather, the participant became better at interpreting the signals they received. The process of using the device never ceased to be cognitively fatiguing, and did not come without risk or cost to the participant. In exchange, participants received hope and purpose through participation, as well as a new kind of sensory signal that may not have afforded practical or functional use in daily life but, for some, provided a kind of “contemplative perception” that participants tailored to individualized activities.Conclusion: Attending to the qualitative reports of participants regarding the experience of artificial vision provides valuable information not captured by extant clinical outcome measures. These data can both inform device design and rehabilitative techniques, as well as grant a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon of artificial vision.

scholarly journals Organizational Identification: Exploring the use of Training as an Employee Identification Marker in SMEs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Adetola Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Situational Context ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Employee Identification

Organizational identification (OI) is a fundamental organizational behavioural concept in business that influences employee belongingness with the organization, this study identified two key categories of factors (employee and organizational) that influence the employee OI process within SME- known as OI markers. The first category- employer situational-context markers are factors influencing employees’ OI process that employees do not have implementation control over but only experience and react to, such as vertical communication. The second category- employee situational-gap markers however include factors such as employees’ sense of in-company worth which are often cognitive and affective notions employees can control within SMEs. More specifically, emphasis was laid on ascertaining what role(s), training interventions, as a strategic human resource development (HRD) tool, play in influencing the employee OI process and thus the OI statuses of employees in SMEs within the UK. A conceptual OI framework was developed to facilitate the investigation using Dervin (1999) and Weick’s (1993) sense-making theories. The interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method of analysis was employed for this exploratory study, using data from fifteen SME employees’ semi-structured interviews within the retail, health and social care, information and communication technology, financial and food industry of the UK economy. Training interventions emerged as a dual-role OI marker, with the research outcome proposition that employee OI statuses in SMEs occur as a vector component with both magnitude and directional attributes facilitated by employer situational-context and employee situational-gap markers. Specifically initiated and facilitated training interventions playing the roles of employer situational-context and employee situational-gap OI markers respectively. The identified vector quality of OI statuses further enhances the body of OI literature concerned with the non-static behaviour of employees OI status, as these can fluctuate between the two extremes of employee organizational disidentification or identification (EOD or EOI). An OI framework is proposed with which SMEs organizations could justifiably adjust their policies and procedures to imbue employees with a stronger sense of belongingness or OI status within their establishments.

scholarly journals Impact of the therapist’s “use of self”

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-143
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Sleater ◽  
Julie Scheiner
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Disclosure

The aim of this research was to explore the therapist’s “use of self” to gain an understanding of this phenomenon through the participants’ lived experience. A literature review yielded a number of common themes associated with “use of self”: self-disclosure, personality, intersubjectivity, relationality, attachment, belief systems, and embodiment. The study comprised of semi-structured interviews conducted with six experienced and accredited clinicians. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used, as it facilitated the objectives of the research, which were to capture the lived experience of the clinicians, identify common themes, and observe for any new insights. The authors found three superordinate themes in relation to the therapist’s “use of self”, all of which are intertwined: connection, awareness and wellness. The research supports the fact that the therapist’s “use of self” has an impact on therapy. While connection and awareness feature strongly in the literature, the importance of wellness is not highlighted. The authors propose that an obligate symbiosis exists between awareness and wellness.

scholarly journals The Accordion and the Deep Bowl of Spaghetti: Eight Researchers' Experiences of Using IPA as a Methodology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Wagstaff ◽  
Hyeseung Jeong ◽  
Maeve Nolan ◽  
Tony Wilson ◽  
Julie Tweedlie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Mental Health Nursing ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Since 1996 Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) has grown rapidly and been applied in areas outside its initial “home” of health psychology. However, explorations of its application from a researcher's perspective are scarce. This paper provides reflections on the experiences of eight individual researchers using IPA in diverse disciplinary fields and cultures. The research studies were conducted in the USA, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the UK by researchers with backgrounds in business management, consumer behaviour, mental health nursing, nurse education, applied linguistics, clinical psychology, health and education. They variously explored media awareness, employee commitment, disengagement from mental health services, in-vitro fertilisation treatment, student nurses' experience of child protection, second language acquisition in a university context, the male experience of spinal cord injury and academics experience of working in higher education and women’s experiences of body size and health practices. By bringing together intercultural, interdisciplinary experiences of using IPA, the paper discusses perceived strengths and weaknesses of IPA.

Parents’ Experiences of the Impact of Changing School During COVID-19 on their Autistic Child’s Friendships: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Fox ◽  
Kathryn Asbury ◽  
Umar Toseeb ◽  
Aimee Code
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
New School ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Friendships play a key role in supporting a successful transition to a new school for autistic children and young people. However, little is known about how these relationships have been impacted by the social restrictions put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore how parents experienced the impact of school transition on their autistic child’s friendships across differing educational settings during the pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 parents of autistic children in the UK. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Parents discussed a wide variety of experiences which differed between and within school settings. Several factors influenced children’s friendships during the transition including support from their new school and others’ understanding of needs. Existing friendships were found to support successful transition for some children, however, parents expressed that many had differing expectations of what friendship was, which affected their relationships. For some, COVID-19 negatively impacted on friendships by reducing their ability to be in contact with existing and new school friends. Others experienced positive or neutral experiences. This study highlights the diversity of needs for autistic children and calls for a personalised approach to transition support beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

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