scholarly journals A filosofia nos cursos de licenciatura em matemática do IFMG

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e01002
Author(s):  
Denilson Junio Marques Soares ◽  
Evandro de Ávila e Lara ◽  
Talita Emidio Andrade Soares ◽  
Sandra Soares Della Fonte ◽  
Wagner dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Undergraduate Mathematics ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
René Descartes

Neste artigo, pretendemos investigar como a temática filosófica é tratada nos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG), presentes nos campi de Formiga e São João Evangelista. Metodologicamente, realizamos uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e caráter exploratório, subsidiada pela análise documental a partir de consultas aos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos. Em ambos, observamos a falta de uma abordagem mais abrangente do tema, o que nos levou a propor a inclusão de uma disciplina voltada para a Filosofia da Matemática na grade curricular. Essa disciplina consideraria aspectos históricos, socioculturais e científicos da construção da Matemática enquanto Ciência e daria ênfase às contribuições dos principais filósofos para o seu desenvolvimento, destacando o pioneirismo de Tales de Mileto e Pitágoras, nas demonstrações geométricas, e o protagonismo de Platão, Aristóteles, René Descartes e Immanuel Kant. Além disso, ela discutiria acerca de três correntes filosóficas - Logicismo, Intuicionismo e Formalismo – e o modo com que elas trazem para si uma discussão sobre o pensar a Matemática. Esperamos que este artigo promova um debate entre os professores e gestores dos cursos, considerando que a Matemática, que hoje conhecemos, é fruto de todo um processo filosófico de elaboração e reelaboração de si mesma. Palavras-chave: Filosofia. Filosofia da matemática. Educação matemática.   Philosophy in undergraduate mathematics ifmg courses: analysis, reflections and a teaching proposal Abstract In this paper, we initially intend to investigate how the philosophical theme is treated in the Mathematics Graduation courses from the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais (IFMG), in Formiga and São João Evangelista campi. The methodological procedure adopted was the exploratory research, through a documentary analysis carried out in the courses Pedagogical Projects. In both, we noted that the theme approach was deficient, which led us to propose the inclusion, in the curriculum, of a discipline focused on Mathematics Philosophy. This discipline will consider historical, sociocultural and scientific aspects of Mathematics construction as a science, and it will emphasize the contributions of leading philosophers to their development, highlighting the pioneering spirit of Tales of Miletus and Pythagoras in geometric demonstrations, and in the role of Plato, Aristotle, René Descartes and Immanuel Kant. In addition, it is intended to discuss about three philosophical currents – Logicism, Intuitionism and Formalism –, and the way in which they promote a discussion about Mathematics thought. It is hoped that this paper will promote a debate between teachers and course managers, considering that the Mathematics, that we know today, is the result of a whole philosophical process of itself elaboration and re-elaboration. Keywords: Philosophy. Mathematics philosophy. Mathematical education.

scholarly journals O PAPEL DO CORPO EM DUAS CONCEPÇÕES DE SUJEITO: O COGITO CARTESIANO E O EXPERIENCIALISMO / The role of the body in two conceptions of subject: the cartesian cogito and the experientialism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Oliveira de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
The Body ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Cartesian Cogito

Este artigo de natureza qualitativa tem como objetivo delinear a concepção de sujeito proposta pela Linguística Cognitiva, tendo em vista que a noção de subjetividade, para o constructo teórico em questão, nem sempre é explícita. Para levar a cabo tal empreitada, este estudo fundamenta-se no pressuposto de que, para se estudar a mente humana, não se deve excluir o corpo do processo analítico (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980; LAKOFF, 1987; JOHNSON, 1987). Assim sendo, acredita-se que a inserção da encarnação física humana no quadro teórico da razão, isto é, a teorização da promoção do corpo ao mesmo patamar ocupado pela mente, sem a possibilidade de dissociação entre eles, seja o fator crucial para se alcançar uma definição possível do que se trata o sujeito para a Linguística Cognitiva. Com o intuito de suscitar tal discussão, resgatam-se, inicialmente, as questões relacionadas ao sujeito engendrado no século XVII, influenciado por René Descartes com a intuição intelectual do cogito, no advento da Filosofia Moderna: o sujeito gerido pela substancialidade, universalidade e consciência. Como contraponto ao sujeito cartesiano, discute-se o paradigma filosófico da Hipótese da Corporificação, tornando possível o debate sobre o inconsciente cognitivo, a mente corporificada e o pensamento metafórico. Desse modo, pretende-se lançar mão do conceito de consciência, bem como os dualismos sobre mente/corpo, interioridade/exterioridade, racionalismo/empirismo e universalismo/relativismo.

Redefining the Role of Experiment in Bacon's Natural History: How Baconian was Descartes before Emerging from His Cocoon?

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 158-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mădălina Giurgea ◽  
Laura Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn this article we argue that the views that Francis Bacon and René Descartes held about the role of experiments in the process of discovery are closer than previously accepted. Looking at the way experiments and the heuristics of experimentation are embedded in Bacon's posthumous History of Dense and Rare and Descartes' Discourses 8, 9, 10 of the Meteorology, we will show that experiments help the investigator both in solving specific problems that could not have otherwise been foreseen and in generating relevant information that advances the scope of the investigation.

scholarly journals O sujeito do autor: o que aparece quando eu escrevo e desapareço?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Mauricio Winck Esteves ◽  
Luis Artur Costa
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
René Descartes

O artigo parte da problematização da noção de sujeito no exercício da escrita para fazer uma crítica ao sujeito da modernidade. Reflete sobre a emergência desse sujeito moderno nas filosofias de René Descartes, Immanuel Kant e na psicanálise de Sigmund Freud, em suas articulações com os mecanismos disciplinares e biopolíticos, demonstrando a emergência de um triplo enlace entre autoria, culpa e propriedade. Ressalta a articulação na modernidade de duas tecnologias de produção do sujeito: a culpa e o alterocídio, duas faces do ressentimento as quais são apresentadas por Friedrich Nietzsche e Achille Mbembe. Por fim, desde a perspectiva dos modos de subjetivação, busca-se traçar algumas linhas de uma autoria no avesso do ressentimento moderno-colonial: uma autoinvenção coletiva.

scholarly journals EPISTEMOLOGI RASIONALISME RENE DESCARTES DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cahaya Khaeroni
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
René Descartes

This paper discusses the thoughts of Rene Descartes and the relevance towardsIslamic education. The great thesis of Rene Descartes is cogito ergo sum (I think,therefore I exist), has spawned a revolution of thought in philosophy. Descartesemphatically proclaimed that only reason or ratio alone can be the basis that canbe trusted, and not faith or revelation as always restrained in mid-century. Withthe method of doubt, Descartes treading philosophical thought to doubt everythingin order to achieve an ultimate certainty he always longed for. Despite eventuallyhe realized that nothing is true, except uncertainty itself. In the area of education(especially Islamic education), Descartes certainly gave a new foundation for thestudy and communication of doctrine not only as a process doctrine, but giving alarger portion to the role of reason itself.Key words: Epistemology, Rasionalism, Islamic education

The Problem of the External World in René Descartes, Edmund Husserl, Immanuel Kant and the Evil Genius

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Robert Elliott Allinson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
External World ◽  
George Berkeley ◽  
René Descartes

The need to prove the existence of the external world has been a subject that has concerned the rationalist philosophers, particularly Descartes and the empiricist philosophers such as John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. Taking the epoché as the key mark of the phenomenologist—the suspension of the question of the existence of the external world—the issue of the external world should not come under the domain of the phenomenologist. Ironically, however, I would like to suggest that it could be argued that the founder of the phenomenological school of thought, Edmund Husserl, also did not avoid the question of the existence of the external world. What I would like to suggest further is that Immanuel Kant grants himself illicit access to the external world and thus illustrates that the question of the external world is vital to the argument structure of the first Critique.

scholarly journals Philosophical and ideological influences on the religious beliefs of Modern times

2015 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Oleh Shepetyak
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
René Descartes

In the article of Oleh Shepetyak «Philosophical and ideological influences on the religious beliefs of Modern times» the main landmarks of the philosophy of René Descartes and Immanuel Kant, and their impact on Christian religious consciousness of Modern times and subsequent periods are highlighted. It is shown that the peculiarity of these thinkers’ concepts is appeal to man as a criterion, in Cartesianism person becomes a criterion of truth and in Kantianism the criterion of morality. This was a world wide revolution of Modern times which precisely due to these peculiatities paved the demarcation line between medieval scholasticism and subsequent periods.

scholarly journals DIALEKTIKA TOKOH-TOKOH FALSAFAH BARAT ZAMAN REVOLUSI SAINS MENGENAI SAINS DAN NILAI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Syahmir Alias
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
David Hume ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Science And Values ◽  
René Descartes

AbstractScientific Revolution which happened in Europe beginning from 17th to 18th century show the philosophers of science such as Francis Bacon and Immanuel Kant appeared with their ideas to strengthen the scientific methodology. Among the issues being debated is relevance of values towards science. However, different perspectives from these philosophers lead to the dialectic between science and values. This raises a question mark about their arguments and conclusions regarding the issue between science and values. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the outstanding philosophers of science whose involved in such debate from 17th to 18th century AD with their arguments. Next, the paper aims to analyze the relationship among these philosophers and their conception of science and values. Based on the content analysis method used, there are three important findings. First, Francis Bacon, the founder of Western scientific methods reject the practice of confounding superstitions and human biasness in scientific research. Second, there is a clear continuity between the thought of René Descartes, David Hume and Immanuel Kant’s dualism of science, but with different perspectives, i.e. mind-body dualism, fact-value dualism, phenomena-noumena dualism respectively. Third, the arguments of these philosophers of science, especially Kant implied in the concept of value-free scientific research for the following centuries. AbstrakRevolusi Sains yang berlaku di Eropah pada abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-18 Masihi menyaksikan tokoh-tokoh falsafah sains seperti Francis Bacon dan Immanuel Kant tampil bersama idea-idea mereka untuk memantapkan metodologi saintifik. Antara perkara yang dibahaskan ialah perkaitan sains dengan nilai. Walau bagaimanapun, perbezaan pandangan tokoh-tokoh ini membawa kepada dialektika tentang sains dan nilai. Hal ini menimbulkan tanda tanya mengenai hujah-hujah mereka dan kesimpulan yang dibuat berkenaan sains dengan nilai. Justeru, makalah ini ditulis dengan dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti konteks perbahasan sains dan nilai oleh tokoh-tokoh falsafah sains abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-18 yang terlibat. Kedua, menganalisis perkaitan antara pemikiran tokoh-tokoh tersebut berkenaan konsepsi mereka tentang hubungan sains dan nilai. Berdasarkan kaedah analisis kandungan yang digunakan, makalah ini mendapati tiga dapatan penting. Pertama, Francis Bacon selaku pengasas kaedah saintifik Barat menolak amalan campur aduk perkara khurafat dan berat sebelah dalam penyelidikan sains. Kedua, terdapat kesinambungan yang jelas di antara pemikiran René Descartes, David Hume dan Immanuel Kant mengenai dualisme ilmu, namun dari perspektif yang berbeza. Ketiga, hujah-hujah kesemua tokoh falsafah sains tersebut, khususnya Kant memberi implikasi kepada konsep bebas nilai dalam penyelidikan saintifik bagi abad-abad berikutnya.

RENÉ DESCARTES AND CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN: OBSESSION WITH REASON AND PASSION FOR SOVEREIGNTY

2018 ◽  
pp. 223-260
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Femme Fatale ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Epistolary Novel ◽  
Meditations On First Philosophy ◽  
Young Queen ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Blind Spots

The article describes and comments on a number of epistolary documents pertaining to the last journey of René Descartes and specifically to his enigmatic relations with Queen Christina. Those relations were conducted at first as a kind of “epistolary novel” and may be regarded as one of the examples of a dialogue between a thinker and a ruler. As the historical tradition clearly indicates, the relationship ended in a radical rift between power and philosophy. It is important for us to understand why Descartes, who had shunned all the temptations of power throughout his life, so recklessly succumbed to the charms of the “northern Minerva” and agreed to assume the role of court philosopher even though his whole way of life, as well as his philosophy, argued against such a choice. The author traces out a series of hypotheses. First, what was dominant in the relationship between Descartes and Christina was not so much the mostly rational framework of a “philosopher” encountering a “sovereign” but a sort of confrontation between two obsessions: the thinker’s arrogant trust in the omnipotence of an absolute reason that nevertheless had its blind spots, and the untrammelled will of sovereign power on which the young queen based her existence. Second, turning to some of the themes in Descartes’ own philosophical thought and in particular to the “malin génie” from Meditations on First Philosophy (1641), one may infer that this rather literary or even poetic figure at some point took the form of a kind of “femme fatale” that preoccupied the philosopher’s thinking and filled his life with an existential turmoil which contributed to his fatal decision to go to Sweden. The ultimate conclusion is that the “Souverain Bien” for the philosopher was the rare opportunity for his thinking to reign supreme; but by succumbing to the temptation to serve the Empress, he betrayed himself. The “souverain Bien” for the ruler lay in autocracy as such, and specifically in a devotion to herself as the embodiment of the administration of power.

scholarly journals Four different views of scientific knowledge and the birth of modern relativism: The very important challenge facing reformed churches in a Western world

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas J. Gronum
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Western World ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
Aristotle's Metaphysics

Theologians are used to pointing the finger at European continental postmodernism when dealing with modern relativism. This article addresses a problem that is seldom highlighted within theology: modern relativism is the result of a series of epistemological discussions that took place during the early Enlightenment between scholars such as Rene Descartes, John Locke and Immanuel Kant. They were reacting, in part, to Aristotle’s metaphysics and logic. When the whole picture unravels, one immediately sees that modern relativism is deeply ingrained in Western thought. In other words, modern relativism will not gather dust after the demise of postmodernism. To the contrary, this article would argue that modern relativism will continue to pose serious challenges to reformed churches in future. Pastors who want to engage with Western audiences will benefit from being made aware of this. Hopefully this will encourage theologians to re-evaluate the relevancy of reformed theological constructs in societies that are deeply steeped in relativist thought.

The Concept of Woman. Volume 3, The Search for Communion of Persons, 1500–2015.

Horizons ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Susan A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Doctrinal Development ◽  
René Descartes

Sr. Prudence Allen's extensive work on the concept of woman finds its culmination in this massive book, the third in a trilogy that began with a first volume on the Aristotelian revolution (up to 1250) and a second that traced developments from 1250 to 1500. In this exhaustively and meticulously researched book, Allen argues for an “integral complementarity” between man and woman that she argues is “proven” through its ability to cohere with John Henry Newman's criteria for doctrinal development, set out in his Essay on the Development of Doctrine (10–11). Through a detailed survey of both men and women thinkers since 1500, including some of the most prominent—Leonardo da Vinci, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant—as well as some lesser known—Elena Tarabotti and Moderata Fonte—Allen argues that only a conception of complementarity based in a revised Aristotelian hylomorphism can adequately account for what it means to be a woman as well as be in accord with Roman Catholic teaching.

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