scholarly journals TRENDS REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH THERMIC EFFICIENCY AND LOW LEVEL OF POLLUTING EMISSIONS COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIUS-ION STĂNILĂ ◽  
VALENTIN NEDEFF
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Application Area ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Flameless Combustion ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Polluting Emissions

Flameless combustion, or moderate or intense low oxygen dilution combustion, is an advanced technology that meets all the conditions for being an important actor in the researchers’ efforts to develop low level of polluting emissions and high thermic efficiency combustion systems. Because all the factors that contribute to the emerge of this kind of combustion are not completely understood, there is the suspicion that this type of combustion could be achieved only by overheating the combustion air, which generates the limitation of this technology’s application area. After all the last years conducted research, it came to the conclusion that the requirements for this combustion are less severe than they were believed to be. The recent research is conducted towards the use of this type of combustion for all type of fuels, gas, liquid and solid.

RESPIRATION OF FISHES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON STANDARD OXYGEN CONSUMPTION: III. INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Standard Metabolism ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Standard Rate

Standard oxygen consumption was determined in relation to various partial pressures of oxygen for eastern brook trout at 10° and 15 °C, and for carp and goldfish at 10° and 20 °C. Two conditions of oxygen acclimation were compared. In one case acclimation was to air saturation while in the other acclimation was to each of the partial pressures of oxygen applied.Down to a partial pressure of oxygen of approximately 80 mm Hg, standard oxygen uptake remained approximately constant, and further, the rates for the two differently acclimated groups were about equal. Below 80 mm Hg the standard rate first increased to a maximum and then, with a further reduction in the partial pressure, decreased. Below 80 mm Hg the standard rate of oxygen consumption was in all cases less for the fish acclimated to the low level of oxygen than for those acclimated to air saturation.Comparison of standard and active values suggests that the increase in standard rate of oxygen uptake in response to low oxygen does not reach the active level as suggested earlier by Fry (1947). The suggestion is made that a fraction of standard metabolism is derived anaerobically in low levels of oxygen. Further, it appears that acclimation to a low level of oxygen enhances the anaerobic fraction of standard metabolism.

Treatment and Disposal of the Radioactive Graphite Waste

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Tian ◽  
Mingfen Wen ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Carbon Material ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Graphite Material ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Radioactive Graphite ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste

A large number of nuclear reactors with graphite as moderator and reflector material are facing to be decommissioned now or later, and the radioactive graphite waste is a large part of the involved wastes. In addition, high temperature gas-cooled reactors being developed rapidly use a large quantity of graphite material (up to 95%) in the nuclear fuel elements, besides graphite material as their moderator and reflector material in the reactor cores. Therefore, it is very critical to manage these graphite wastes from the decommissioned and being decommissioned reactors. The part with low-level radioactive contamination that could not be reused now, may be disposed of as solid waste to reduce its volume, and the possibility of its being retrieved and reused in the future with advanced technology should be considered. The other graphite waste with high-level radioactive contamination requires much more consideration. Due to several factors, such as its large quantity, a lack of available disposal sites and public acceptance, it may not be disposed of directly in the repository any more. An option may be the transformation of the high-level radioactive graphite waste into low-level radioactive waste through physical and chemical processes. The current technologies involve, e.g., thermal treatment to release 36Cl, capture of the 14C from the gases of incineration of carbon material and decomposition of carbon dioxide into solid carbon. After these treatments the carbon material might be decontaminated and separated as low-level radioactive waste and a small amount of residual high-level waste could be disposed of ultimately. In order to achieve a sustainable development of graphite material, the maximum utility and the minimal disposal of radioactive graphite should be considered in the management of radioactive graphite waste. It is urgent to explore new technologies for decontaminating and recycling radioactive graphite.

scholarly journals Expression of the fixR-nifA Operon inBradyrhizobium japonicum Depends on a New Response Regulator, RegR

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (15) ◽  
pp. 3853-3863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Bauer ◽  
Thomas Kaspar ◽  
Hans-Martin Fischer ◽  
Hauke Hennecke
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Low Level

ABSTRACT Many nitrogen fixation-associated genes in the soybean symbiontBradyrhizobium japonicum are regulated by the transcriptional activator NifA, whose activity is inhibited by aerobiosis. NifA is encoded in the fixR-nifAoperon, which is expressed at a low level under aerobic conditions and induced approximately fivefold under low-oxygen tension. This induction depends on a −24/−12-type promoter (fixRp 1) that is recognized by the ς54 RNA polymerase and activated by NifA. Low-level aerobic expression and part of the anaerobic expression originates from a second promoter (fixRp 2) that overlaps withfixRp 1 and depends on an upstream DNA region (UAS) located around position −68 (H. Barrios, H. M. Fischer, H. Hennecke, and E. Morett, J. Bacteriol. 177:1760–1765, 1995). A protein binding to the UAS was previously postulated to act as an activator. This protein has now been purified, and the corresponding gene (regR) has been cloned. On the basis of the predicted amino acid sequence, RegR belongs to the family of response regulators of two-component regulatory systems. We identified upstream of the regR gene an additional gene (regS) encoding a putative sensor kinase. AregR mutant was constructed in which neither a specific UAS-binding activity nor fixRp 2-dependent transcript formation and fixR′-′lacZ expression was detected in aerobically grown cells. Anaerobic fixR′-′lacZexpression was also decreased in regR mutants to about 10% of the level observed in the wild type. Similarly, regRmutants showed only about 2% residual nitrogen fixation activity, but unlike nodules induced by nifA mutants, the morphology of those nodules was normal, displaying no signs of necrosis. WhileregR mutants grew only slightly slower in free-living, aerobic conditions, they displayed a strong growth defect under anaerobic conditions. The phenotypic properties of regSmutants differed only marginally, if at all, from those of the wild type, suggesting the existence of a compensating sensor activity in these strains. The newly identified RegR protein may be regarded as a master regulator in the NifA-dependent network controllingnif and fix gene expression in B. japonicum.

scholarly journals Employee Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Rishabh Bajpayi
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Management System ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Small Scale Industries ◽  
Technology Systems

Employee management system is an application based system, having two applications developed, one for employers to manage employee details and another for employees to mark their attendance. Every organisation whether government or private uses an information system[2.] to store data of their staff. However, in India it is found that many small scale industries use pen and paper to keep a record. However, there are many advanced technology systems available that can do this work but they all are costly for these low level industries. This paper discusses making a system for solving problems for them at a cheaper cost. This system will mark attendance of each employee and calculate the salary of them at the end of month. It also calculates overtime and total working hours of each employee. As in small scale each company has their own holidays preference and variable week off for employees, so all this power is given to the employer to manage holidays and week days of each employee separately. It saves lots of time and has no error in pay calculation hence preventing clashes between HR Team and employees. So that both employer and employee can focus on their work to develop their company.

Enhancing Clinical Supervision Using High-Definition Real-Time Digital Recording, Annotation, and Bluetooth Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Means ◽  
Casey McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Recording Technology ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Additional Data Collection

Purpose The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used. Method Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience. Results Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them. Conclusions The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.

HIF1-α-Mediated Gene Expression Induced by Vitamin B1 Deficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Sweet ◽  
Jason A. Zastre
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Metabolic Intermediates

It is well established that thiamine deficiency results in an excess of metabolic intermediates such as lactate and pyruvate, which is likely due to insufficient levels of cofactor for the function of thiamine-dependent enzymes. When in excess, both pyruvate and lactate can increase the stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) transcription factor, resulting in the trans-activation of HIF-1α regulated genes independent of low oxygen, termed pseudo-hypoxia. Therefore, the resulting dysfunction in cellular metabolism and accumulation of pyruvate and lactate during thiamine deficiency may facilitate a pseudo-hypoxic state. In order to investigate the possibility of a transcriptional relationship between hypoxia and thiamine deficiency, we measured alterations in metabolic intermediates, HIF-1α stabilization, and gene expression. We found an increase in intracellular pyruvate and extracellular lactate levels after thiamine deficiency exposure to the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE. Similar to cells exposed to hypoxia, there was a corresponding increase in HIF-1α stabilization and activation of target gene expression during thiamine deficiency, including glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and aldolase A. Both hypoxia and thiamine deficiency exposure resulted in an increase in the expression of the thiamine transporter SLC19A3. These results indicate thiamine deficiency induces HIF-1α-mediated gene expression similar to that observed in hypoxic stress, and may provide evidence for a central transcriptional response associated with the clinical manifestations of thiamine deficiency.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Low-level lead exposure: Are there harmful effects?

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
Claire B. Ernhart
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Harmful Effects
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