scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW ON AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA AT PRESENT SCENARIO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Pooja Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World

Environmental conservation became a major concern. Pollution is the major threat in most of regions in the world. India is also witnessing the environmental pollution due to rapid economic growth and insufficient implementation of environmental pollution control measures. Though the measurement of air quality is complicated, there are a few pollutants which regulators keep under supervision through regular monitoring. The most observed pollutants includes PM, NO2, SO2, CO2 etc. This paper aims to provide an overview of environmental pollution especially air pollution and concentration pollutants (PMs, SO2, NO2 etc.).

scholarly journals Using Costs and Health Benefits to Estimate the Priority of Air Pollution Control Action Plan: A Case Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5970
Author(s):  
Hsin-Chih Lai ◽  
Min-Chuan Hsiao ◽  
Je-Liang Liou ◽  
Li-Wei Lai ◽  
Pei-Chih Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Quality Modeling

A comparative analysis was conducted between the costs and health benefits of the Air Pollution Control Action Plan (APCAP), which can be implemented in any country to improve air quality and human health. In this study, air quality modeling was used to simulate several scenarios and implement the Kriging method to describe the PM2.5 reduction concentration instantly. Then, health benefits were estimated using the environmental benefit mapping and analysis program (BenMAP) with results from the air quality modeling and Kriging method. To estimate the priority of APCAP, 14 pollution control measures that cover point, mobile, and area sources of air pollution in Taiwan were analyzed. The results indicate that the health benefits of the Taiwan APCAP (TAPCAP) are generally greater than the technical costs. Thus, the implementation of this strategy may result in net benefits. In addition, the benefit-to-control cost ratio for health for the 14 pollution control measures was calculated. The results provide evidence to prioritize the implementation of air quality policies with a higher benefit-cost ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of air pollution control measures on air quality improvement in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Yu ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Che-Jen Lin ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Jia Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of the Three-Year Action Plan to Fight Air Pollution on Air Quality and Associated Health Benefits in Sichuan Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10968
Author(s):  
Juihui Chen ◽  
Xiaoqiong Feng ◽  
Yonghui Zhu ◽  
Ling Huang ◽  
Min He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

To continuously improve air quality, after implementation of the “Clean Air Action Plan, 2013–2017” (CAAP), the “Three-year Action Plan to Fight Air Pollution” (TYP) was further conducted from 2018 to 2020. However, the effectiveness of the TYP remains unclear in one of the major city-clusters of China, the Sichuan Basin. In this study, the bottom-up method was used to quantify the emission reduction during TYP based on the emissions inventory in Sichuan Basin in 2017 and the air pollution control measures adopted from 2018 to 2020 in each city. The reduction of PM2.5 concentration and the avoided premature deaths due to implementation of air pollution control measures were assessed by using an integrated meteorology and air quality modeling system and a concentration-response algorithm. Emissions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs in the Sichuan Basin have been reduced by 42.6, 105.2, 40.2, and 136.6 Gg, respectively. The control of non-electricity industry contributed significantly to the emission reduction of all pollutants, accounting for 26–49%. In addition, the control of mobile sources contributes the most to NOx reductions, accounting for 57%. The results illustrate that the focus of air pollution control in Sichuan Basin is still industrial sources. We also found that the emission reduction of NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs in Chengdu is significantly higher than that of other cities, which were about 3.4~15.4 times, 2.2~40.1 times, and 4.3~24.4 times that of other cities, respectively. In Sichuan Basin, the average reduction rate of PM2.5 concentration due to air pollution control measures was 5% on average, with the highest contributions from industry, mobile source, and dust emission control. The decrease rate in each city ranges between 1~10%, and the decreasing ratios in Dazhou (10%), Chengdu (8%), and Zigong (7%) are relatively higher. The number of premature deaths avoided due to air pollution control measures in Sichuan Basin is estimated to be 22,934. Chengdu and Dazhou have benefitted most from the air pollution control measures, with 6043 and 2713 premature deaths avoided, respectively. Our results indicate that the implementation of TYP has achieved remarkable environmental and health benefits.

scholarly journals Science–Policy Interplay: Improvement of Air Quality from 2008 to 2014 in Beijing and the Scientific Approach to Achieve APEC Blue

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanshan Wang ◽  
Yunting Li ◽  
Tian Chen ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Lingjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Scientific Approach

Abstract The Beijing government has made great effort to solve the air pollution problem in recent years. In this paper, the major air pollution control measures and the air quality improvement from 2008 to 2014 in Beijing were represented. With the implementation of a series of unconventional and high–air pollutant reduction measures in Beijing and the surrounding area, good air quality during both the 2008 Olympic Games and the 2014 Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference was guaranteed. Notably, a new scientific approach was applied to formulate air pollution control policy during the APEC conference. In addition to the established measures, two periods of enhanced and targeted reduction measures were implemented according to the forecast in advance. Finally, suggestions for improving air quality in Beijing were offered on the basis of the monitoring results and analyses during the APEC conference.

The Process of Urbanization and Urban Ecological Environment Sustainable Development Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Guo Fang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

With China's rapid economic growth, Environmental pollution and ecological damage is becoming more serious. City environment problems become more and more get attention.,but,Small town environmental protection and management is a relatively weak link. Through the Xiaogan Anlu district environmental investigation, A comprehensive analysis of the Anlu environmental pollution source and pollution causes, And on this basis,to concluded the environmental pollution control measures about small town.

scholarly journals Impact of air pollution control measures and regional transport on carbonaceous aerosols in fine particulate matter in urban Beijing, China: insights gained from long-term measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 8569-8590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Ji ◽  
Wenkang Gao ◽  
Willy Maenhaut ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract. As major chemical components of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) have vital impacts on air quality, climate change, and human health. Because OC and EC are closely associated with fuel combustion, it is helpful for the scientific community and policymakers assessing the efficacy of air pollution control measures to study the impact of control measures and regional transport on OC and EC levels. In this study, hourly mass concentrations of OC and EC associated with PM2.5 were semi-continuously measured from March 2013 to February 2018. The results showed that annual mean OC and EC concentrations declined from 14.0 to 7.7 µg m−3 and from 4.0 to 2.6 µg m−3, respectively, from March 2013 to February 2018. In combination with the data of OC and EC in previous studies, an obvious decreasing trend in OC and EC concentrations was found, which was caused by clean energy policies and effective air pollution control measures. However, no obvious change in the ratios of OC and EC to the PM2.5 mass (on average, 0.164 and 0.049, respectively) was recorded, suggesting that inorganic ions still contributed a lot to PM2.5. Based on the seasonal variations in OC and EC, it appeared that higher OC and EC concentrations were still observed in the winter months, with the exception of winter of 2017–2018. Traffic policies executed in Beijing resulted in nighttime peaks of OC and EC, caused by heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles being permitted to operate from 00:00 to 06:00 (China standard time, UTC+8, for all times throughout the paper). In addition, the fact that there was no traffic restriction in weekends led to higher concentrations on weekends compared to weekdays. Significant correlations between OC and EC were observed throughout the study period, suggesting that OC and EC originated from common emission sources, such as exhaust of vehicles and fuel combustion. OC and EC levels increased with enhanced SO2, CO, and NOx concentrations while the O3 and OC levels were enhanced simultaneously when O3 concentrations were higher than 50 µg m−3. Non-parametric wind regression analysis was performed to examine the sources of OC and EC in the Beijing area. It was found that there were distinct hot spots in the northeast wind sector at wind speeds of approximately 0–6 km h−1, as well as diffuse signals in the southwestern wind sectors. Source areas further away from Beijing were assessed by potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis. A high-potential source area was precisely pinpointed, which was located in the northwestern and southern areas of Beijing in 2017 instead of solely in the southern areas of Beijing in 2013. This work shows that improvement of the air quality in Beijing benefits from strict control measures; however, joint prevention and control of regional air pollution in the regions is needed for further improving the air quality. The results provide a reference for controlling air pollution caused by rapid economic development in developing countries.

scholarly journals Reducing global air pollution: the scope for further policy interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2183) ◽  
pp. 20190331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Amann ◽  
Gregor Kiesewetter ◽  
Wolfgang Schöpp ◽  
Zbigniew Klimont ◽  
Wilfried Winiwarter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The World

Over the last decades, energy and pollution control policies combined with structural changes in the economy decoupled emission trends from economic growth, increasingly also in the developing world. It is found that effective implementation of the presently decided national pollution control regulations should allow further economic growth without major deterioration of ambient air quality, but will not be enough to reduce pollution levels in many world regions. A combination of ambitious policies focusing on pollution controls, energy and climate, agricultural production systems and addressing human consumption habits could drastically improve air quality throughout the world. By 2040, mean population exposure to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources could be reduced by about 75% relative to 2015 and brought well below the WHO guideline in large areas of the world. While the implementation of the proposed technical measures is likely to be technically feasible in the future, the transformative changes of current practices will require strong political will, supported by a full appreciation of the multiple benefits. Improved air quality would avoid a large share of the current 3–9 million cases of premature deaths annually. At the same time, the measures that deliver clean air would also significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and contribute to multiple UN sustainable development goals. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.

scholarly journals Impact of air pollution control measures and regional transport on carbonaceous aerosols in fine particulate matter in urban Beijing, China: Insights gained from long-term measurement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Ji ◽  
Wenkang Gao ◽  
Willy Maenhaut ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract. As major chemical components of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) have vital impacts on air quality, climate change, and human health. Because OC and EC are closely associated with fuel combustion, it is helpful for the scientific community and policymakers assessing the efficacy of air pollution control measures to study on the impact of the control measures and regional transport on the OC and EC levels. In this study, hourly mass concentrations of OC and EC associated with PM2.5 were semi-continuously measured from March 2013 to February 2018. The results showed that annual mean OC and EC concentrations declined from 14.0 to 7.7 μg/m3 and from 4.0 to 2.6 μg/m3, respectively, from March 2013 to February 2018. In combination with the data of OC and EC in previous studies, an obvious decreasing trend in OC and EC concentrations was found, which was caused by clean energy policies and effective air pollution control measures. However, no obvious change in the ratios of OC and EC to the PM2.5 mass (on average, 0.164 and 0.049, respectively) was recorded, suggesting that inorganic ions still contributed a lot to PM2.5. Based on the seasonal variations of OC and EC, it appeared that higher OC and EC concentrations were still observed in the winter months, with the exception of winter of 2017–2018. Traffic policies executed in Beijing resulted in nighttime peaks of OC and EC, caused by heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles being permitted to operate from 0:00 to 6:00. In addition, the fact that there was no traffic restriction in weekends led to higher concentrations in weekends compared to weekdays. Significant correlations between OC and EC were observed throughout the study period, suggesting that OC and EC originated from common emission sources, such as exhaust of vehicles and fuel combustion. OC and EC levels increased with enhanced SO2, CO and NOx concentrations while the O3 and OC levels enhanced simultaneously when O3 concentrations were higher than 50 μg/m3. Nonparametric wind regression analysis was performed to examine the sources of OC and EC in the Beijing area. It was found that there were distinct hot spots in the northeast wind sector at wind speeds of approximately 5 km/h, as well as diffuse signals in the southwestern wind sectors, highlighting probable trans-boundary transport from highly industrialized regions upwind of the Hebei province, such as Baoding, Shijiazhuang and Handan, which were the most polluted cities in China. This was consistent with their higher potential as source areas, as determined by the potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis. A high-potential source area was precisely pinpointed, which was located in the northwestern and southern areas of Beijing in 2017 instead of solely in the southern areas of Beijing in 2013. This work shows that improvement of the air quality in Beijing benefits from strict control measures; however, joint prevention and control of regional air pollution in the regions is needed for further improving the air quality. The results provide a reference for controlling air pollution caused by rapid economic development in developing countries.

Nanotechnology for Air Remediation

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Shafaq Mubarak Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Nanosize Particles

The world around us is a gift of God. A thrust to know and reconnoiter the environment around us is innate. Man has drastically explored and utilized the resources hidden in nature, but unfortunately in this sprint of development, the natural environment is severely affected. It is the need of the hour to focus on methodologies for environmental remediation. Many technologies have been developed to reduce the pollution causing factors. Use of nanotechnology for the sake of saving environment is an emerging field. Nano-technology is based on nano-sized (smaller than 1 micron) materials. Nanosize particles have initiated the advancement in new and low cost techniques for environmental pollution control including air pollution.

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