scholarly journals VARIOUS FORMS OF SRI KRISHNA IN THE TRADITIONAL PATTACHITRA STYLE OF ODISHA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Sapna Sharma ◽  
Sonika

English - In the historical context of Indian painting, if we see, then the ancient Ajanta and Bagh painting of India were influenced by Buddhism. It also reflects the activities of Indian social life of that time. Ssimilarly, Mughal and Rajput miniature paintings have presented the true from of the society of that time through their painting. Similarly, the paintings of pattachitra style changed their form by mixing these styles. In Odisha, shri Janannath is worshiped in the form of shri Krishna. This famous style arose due to the establishment of Jagannath’s form in Puri during the time of anantvarman(destruction of Indian culture by muslim invaders) and the propagation of jagannath temple. The confluence of devotion, art and culture here gave birth to a new art style which is famous as pattachitra style. It is a unique, elegant and extraordinary art which has also embraced itself with modernity. Its entrie form has been a specific religious and ritualistic. The creation and development of pattachitra in the from it is today is the result of many ages. Odisha is famous all over the world mainly for pattachitras and mundirs. The paintings which are made for the promotion of jagannath temple, which are painted bt the painters in a very beautiful and ornate form, which are called pattachitra are based on the stories of lord jagannath Krishna. Pattachitra art has been a more elaborate and decorative art. Traditionally, thick and bright colors are used in pattachitra even today. It is influenced by the miniature style. Beautifully in the picture. Colorful clothing adornments usually enhance its beauty. Aesthetic trays as well revealed in these painting. Lord jagannath is specially depicted in pattachitra. The constructions of the structures of these paintings are usually made tall and large. Due to the themes of these pattachitras being adapted to the festivals, happiness and enthusiasm are visible in them. All the festivals, rath yatra, boitavandana and Krishna leelas etc. the shining moon of taraganu purnima twinkling in nilgagan with trees like mango, kadam, kaner coconut etc. made in pattachitra, lotus flower, cow, diran, peacock and Yamuna, floattind in the pond. Look beautiful. Hindi -   भारतीय चित्रकला के ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भ में अगर हम देखें तो भारत के प्राचीन अजन्ता और बाघ के भित्तिचित्र बौद्ध धर्म से प्रभावित थे। यह उस समय के भारतीय सामाजिक जीवन की गतिविधियों को भी प्रतिबिम्बित करते हैं। उसी प्रकार मुगल और राजपूतकालीन लघुचित्रों ने अपने चित्रों के माध्यम से उस समय के समाज का सच्चा रुप प्रस्तुत किया है। उसी प्रकार पट्टचित्र शैली के चित्रों ने इन शैलियों से मिलकर अपने रुप को परिवर्तित किया। ओड़िशा में श्रीकृष्ण के स्वरुप श्रीजगन्नाथ की ही पूजा की जाती है। पुरी में जगन्नाथजी के स्वरुप की स्थापना अनन्तवर्मन के समय में होने वाले कारणों (मुस्लिम आक्रान्ताओं द्वारा भारतीय संस्कृति को नष्ट करना) व जगन्नाथ मन्दिर का प्रचार-प्रसार से ही इस प्रसिद्ध शैली का उदय हुआ। भक्ति, कला और संस्कृति का जो यहां संगम हुआ है उससे नवीन कला शैली का जन्म हुआ जो पट्टचित्र शैली के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है। यह एक अनूठी लालित्यपूर्ण और असाधारण कला है जिसने अपनी पारम्परिकता को बनायें रखने के साथ स्वंय को आधुनिकता का जामा भी पहनाया है। इसका सम्पूर्ण स्वरुप एक विशिष्ट धार्मिक एवं अनुष्ठानिक रहा है। पट्टचित्र आज जिस स्वरुप में हैं उनका निर्माण व विकास कई युगों की देन है। ओड़िशा मुख्यरुप से पट्टचित्रों व मन्दिरों के लिये विश्वभर में प्रसिद्ध है। जगन्नाथ मन्दिर के प्रचार-प्रसार के लिये जो चित्र बनाते हैं जिसे चित्रकार बहुत सुन्दर व अंलकृत रुप में चित्रित करते हैं जिन्हें पट्टचित्र कहा जाता है और पट्टचित्र के विषय भगवान जगन्नाथ अर्थात कृष्ण की कथाओं पर आधारित होते हैं। पट्टचित्र कला एक अधिक विस्तृत और सजावटी कला रही है। पारम्परिक तौर पर पट्टचित्र में गाढे और चटक रंगों का प्रयोग आज भी होता है। यह लघुचित्र शैली से प्रभावित हैं। पट्टचित्र में सुन्दर ढंग से रंगीनवस्त्र, अंलकरण आमतौर पर उसकी खूवसूरती को बढा देते हैं। इन पट्टचित्रों में सौन्दर्यपूर्णता है साथ ही विभिन्न रंग व विषयों का पता चलता है। पट्टचित्र में भगवान जगन्नाथ को विशेषरुप से चित्रित किया जाता है। इन चित्रों की संरचनाओं के निर्माण आमतौर पर लम्बे और बड़े तैयार किये जाते हैं। इन पट्टचित्रों के विषय उत्सवों के अनकूल  होेने के कारण इनमें खुशी व उत्साह दृष्टिगोचर होता है। वर्षपर्यन्त जितने भी उत्सव, रथयात्रा, बोइताबंदना व कृष्णलीलाओं आदि को विशेष रुप से चित्रित किया जाता है। पट्टचित्र में बने आम, कदम, कनेर, नारियल आदि वृक्षों केे साथ नीलगगन में झिलमिलाते तारागण, पूर्णिमा का चमकता चाँद, तालाब में तैरते कमलपुष्प, गाय, हिरन, मयूर और यमुना का अंकन बहुत सौन्दर्यपूर्ण लगते हैं।

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 204-206
Author(s):  
Indu Joshi ◽  
Kamal Kishore Kashyap

Contemporary art which believes in the creation of an unimaginable world by creating new forms of continuous form which has shaped its sensation by mixing multiple modes of expression and has also reduced the distance of art from other experimental disciplines. As a result, the creation of an artwork today has created a new way to express the psychological effects of human beings through pictures by creating musical melodies, perfume fragrances and many other environments.The influence or inspiration of something has always been behind any experiment or work in human life, in the same way, many contemporary artists, influenced by the Indian miniature, painting tradition, developed their own art style by creating new forms. At the same time, the work of inspiring the invaluable heritage of Indian painting in a changing environment. Contemporary artists have succeeded in creating amazing picture forms by blending contemporary and interactive shapes, by entering the world of miniature paintings made in small color, color, method, contemporary artists by entering the world of canvas and oil colors.A long list of artists who have attracted the whole world by creating such art forms is working in Rajasthan, which includes Chhotu Lal, Shail Chappell, Couple Kishore Upadhyay, Rameshwar Baruta, Lalit Shrama, Prabha Shah, Lalchand Marothia, Charan Sharma, Kiran Murdia etc. includes many names. समकालीन कला जो नित नवीन रूपों का सृजन कर एक अकल्पनीय संसार के सृजन में विश्वास रखती है जिसने अभिव्यक्ति के अनेक साधनों के मिश्रण से अपपनी अनुभूति को एक आकार प्रदान करने के साथ अन्य प्रयोगधर्मी विषयों से कला की दूरी को कम करने का भी कार्य किया है जिसका परिणाम है कि एक कलाकृति का निर्माण आज संगीत की धुन, इत्र की सुगंध एवं अन्य कई प्रकार के वातावरण का सृजन कर मनुष्य के मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रभावों को चित्रों के माध्यम से अभिव्यक्त करने का नवीन मार्ग प्रशस्थ हुआ।मनुष्य के जीवन में कोई भी प्रयोग या कार्य के पीछे हमेशा से ही किसी चीज का प्रभाव या प्रेरणा कार्य करती आयी है उसी प्रकार से अनेक समकालीन कलाकारों ने भारतीय लघु, चित्र परम्पपरा से प्रभावितत होकर अपनी कला शैली का विकास कर नवीन रूपों के सृजन के साथ-साथ भारतीय चित्रकला की अमूल्य धरोहर को बदलतते परिवेश में गति प्रदान करने का कार्य किया है। छोटे-छोटे पारस्परिक रूप-रंग, विधि में बने लघु चित्रों के संसार को समकालीन कलाकारों ने कैनवास एवं तैल रंगों की दुनियां में प्रवेश कराकर समकालीन एवं पारस्परिक आकारों के समिश्रण से अद्भुत चित्र रुपों की रचना करने में सफल रहा है। इस प्रकार के कला रूपों का सृजन कर सम्पूर्ण विश्व को आकर्षित करने वाले कलाकारों की एक लम्बी सूची राजस्थान में कार्यरत हैं जिसमें छोटू लाल, शैल चैपल, युगल किशोर उपाध्याय, रामेश्वर बरूटा, ललित श्र्मा, प्रभा शाह, लालचंद मरोठिया, चरन शर्मा, किरण मुर्डिया आदि अनेक नाम शामिल हैं।


2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Adam Pisarek

This article concerns “living zones of the imagination”—areas of social life in which intensive “interpretive labor” is underway. Thanks to these zones, it is possible to engage in universally accepted exercises that enable a person to “see the world through the eyes of another person” and that yet do not disturb the current socio-cultural order. They provide an important basis for understanding among people, for harmonizing meanings in the sphere of social realities, and for integration that goes beyond certain permanent boundaries and hierarchies. The basic aim of the article is to prove that hospitality, understood as a value in Polish culture, could contribute to a considerable degree to the creation of such zones. The author analyzes the zones’ character, function, and meaning, paying attention to how they resist the expansion of bureaucratic ways of organizing social life. He also draws attention to the influence that an axio-normative pattern could havewithin specific models of behavior and cultural practices.


2015 ◽  
pp. 1749-1762
Author(s):  
Vildan Mahmutoğlu

As a public sphere traditional media have some blockages for the disadvantaged groups to participate in the cultural and social life. New media help these groups for being visible in a majority and provides a base for multicultural societies. This article tries to find out the conditions of constructing the multicultural society through new media. For that purpose, a content analyse of the art and culture pages of the website and an interview have been realized with one of the founders of www.suryaniler.com. It is trying to find out that how new media helps to the minorities for the participation in the cultural life and being visible in a majority. The paper also examines how a webpage can promote the relation of people who have been spread all over the World.


2018 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Murugesan Raja Kumar ◽  
Siti Khadijah Binti Mohd Hamzaht ◽  
Supriyanto

Internet addiction is becoming a growing phenomenon across the world due to the tendency of Internet overuse for varied reasons. The objective of this study is to identify the extent of Internet use and level of addiction among teenagers with the age ranging from 13 to 17 years old. This also include the risk factor and impact to their social life. The sample data were taken from several schools covering 500 students from the state of Selangor in Malaysia. The survey was done using an instrument from Internet Addiction Test (IAT) developed by Dr. Kimberly Young. This test had been modified to meet the requirements of the youngster’s mind-set in Malaysia. Demographics factors such as age, gender and race were examined apart from family and personal factors. The results of the study and Chi-square test summarizes that the level of internet addiction among teenagers in Selangor is p = 0.161 and tends to be minimal. We need to be aware of the level of Internet usage by teenagers so that measures could be made in place to deter or mitigate Internet addiction.


2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN LAW

AbstractThis paper develops a challenge to theism. The challenge is to explain why the hypothesis that there exists an omnipotent, omniscient and all-good god should be considered significantly more reasonable than the hypothesis that there exists an omnipotent, omniscient and all-evil god. Theists typically dismiss the evil-god hypothesis out of hand because of the problem of good – there is surely too much good in the world for it to be the creation of such a being. But then why doesn't the problem of evil provide equally good grounds for dismissing belief in a good god? I develop this evil-god challenge in detail, anticipate several replies, and correct errors made in earlier discussions of the problem of good.


Acta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
İlknur Aytekin Çelik ◽  
Eray Cınar ◽  
Nurettin Karaoğlanoğlu

  OBJECTIVE After the world health organization declared the Covid-19 epidemic as a pandemic, serious changes were made in the functioning of health institutions along with restrictions in social life. The aim of this study is investigating the operations and clinical procedures performed in a thoracic surgery clinic during covid pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this study, the surgical procedures performed in the thoracic surgery clinic between March 2020 and June 2020 which is accepted as the first wave dates for Covid-19 in our country are presented. RESULTS Totally, nineteen patients are operated during this period. Average age was 44 (12-68) years old. Forty-three covid PCR tests were performed for a total of 19 patients. Three of them were positive results for Covid-19. After operations one patient died due to septic shock during postoperative period. CONCLUSION Malignancy and emergency surgeries can be performed by following precautions in the outbreak of Covid-19.


Author(s):  
Usha Mahobia

The history of Indian painting has been very rich and detailed since ancient times. Prior to Muslim aggression, Jain, Buddhist and Hindus donated their yoga in the field of painting. Ajanta painting is famous in the world, and these paintings were made in the Gupta period on which naturally made colors have been used.Significant changes took place in painting in the medieval period, Iranian influence is seen in the painting of the Sultanate period. Vibrant colors were used in paintings of courtly paintings, veena, sitar, dress, ornaments etc. With which the pictures appear to be lively, lively. And blue, green, and golden colors have been used beautifully in these paintings. प्राचीन समय से ही भारतीय चित्रकला का इतिहास बहुत समृद्ध विषाल एवं विस्तृत रहा है। मुस्लिम आक्र्रमण से पूर्व जैन, बौद्ध एवं हिन्दुओ ने चित्रकला के क्षंेत्र में अपना योग दान दिया। अजंता चित्रकला विष्व में प्रसिद्ध है, और इन चित्रो का निर्माण गुप्त काल मेे हुआ जिन पर प्राकृतिक रूप से बने रंगो का प्रयोग किया गया है।मध्यकाल मे चित्रकला मै महात्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन आये, सल्तनत काल की चित्रकला मै ईरानी प्रभाव देखने को मिलता है। दरबारी चित्र, वीणा, सितार, वेषभूषा, आभूषण आदि के चित्रो में सजीव रंगो का प्रयोग किया गया । जिनसे चित्र सजीव, जीवंत प्रतीत होते हैै। और इन चित्रो में नीले, हरे, और सुनहरे रंगो का प्रयोग बंेहद खूबसूरती से किया गया है।


Author(s):  
Juan David Reina-Rozo

The purpose of this text is to reflect on the ways that science fiction allows criticism on the modern technology path. Imagination has allowed us to think of some ends of the world, but it has been a privileged space. Creating other possible futures for our relationship with energy is essential. Corporate renewable energy projects are emerging in corners of the planet where green capitalism has not yet reached. In this way, the creation of alternatives to centralized and corporate models of energy generation, distribution and consumption must go through new potentialities of inhabiting new possible futures. Science fiction is a literature genre that has inspired generations of people assembling art and techno-science as well as dystopia. Solarpunk has been consolidated as a space of counter-cultural hope to allow us to go beyond social-ecological injustices and growing epistemic and ontological violence. This genre is derived from other currents such as Cyberpunk, Steampunk and Dieselpunk, elucidating another relationship between technology, society and nature, nourished in turn by climate sci-fi, Indigenous and Afro-futurist science fiction. In this sense, a concept revision is made in three spheres: i) historical, based on its digital origins; ii) literary, based on the edited anthologies and iii) academic, of the reflections that it has raised. Finally, the Solarpunk Manifesto, revealed at the beginning of 2020, is shared in order to continue its co-creation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Jacinto Tchipa Daniel Cumena ◽  
José Alves Ferreira Neto ◽  
Alanna Eduarda Silva Carvalho ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Ferreira de Souza

Este trabalho teve como foco o estudo do setor diamantífero em Angola, avaliando os aspetos produtivos, sua evolução bem como a relação histórica e o impacto do setor na sociedade angolana. O país é o quarto maior produtor mundial de diamante.  Analisou-se a variação da produção paralelamente à receita e o preço médio do bem mineral no país entre o ano de 2005 a 2016. Também foram analisados os aspetos produtivos da mina de Catoca, a quarta maior mina a seu aberto do mundo verificando-se a variação do teor contido, e a relação estéril-minério entre 2006 e 2015. No contexto histórico, a criação e implementação do processo Kimberley reduziu significativamente a quantidade de diamantes provenientes de áreas de conflito.  Nos próximos anos prevê-se um aumento considerável da capacidade de produção do recurso no país, com a abertura de várias minas, tendo como principal a mina do Luaxe.  A B S T R A C TThe aim of this article was the study of the diamond sector in Angola, evaluating the productive aspects, its evolution as well as its historical relation and the impact of the sector in the angolan society. The country is the world's fourth largest diamond producer. The production variation was analyzed in parallel with the revenue and the average price of the mineral good in the country between 2005 and 2016. The production aspects of the Catoca mine, the fourth largest open mine in the world, were also analyzed, as well as the variation of the contained content and the ore-waste ratio between 2006 and 2015. In the historical context, the creation and implementation of the Kimberley process, significantly reduced the amount of diamonds coming from conflict areas. In the coming years, a considerable increase in the production capacity of the resource is expected in the country, with the opening of several mines, with the main one being the Luaxe mine.Keywords: Angola; Diamond Production; Kimberley Process.


Author(s):  
Vildan Mahmutoğlu

As a public sphere traditional media have some blockages for the disadvantaged groups to participate in the cultural and social life. New media help these groups for being visible in a majority and provides a base for multicultural societies. This article tries to find out the conditions of constructing the multicultural society through new media. For that purpose, a content analyse of the art and culture pages of the website and an interview have been realized with one of the founders of www.suryaniler.com. It is trying to find out that how new media helps to the minorities for the participation in the cultural life and being visible in a majority. The paper also examines how a webpage can promote the relation of people who have been spread all over the World.


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