scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN SURFAKTAN UNTUK MENGURANGI KANDUNGAN AIR DALAM EMULSI MINYAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Syafrinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Emulsified Oil ◽  
Sediment Content ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Oil Emulsions

Emulsified oil is considered as rarely acceptable waste oil to be reused or even recycled. Efforts thathave been made in the last 40 years for the development of reliable and efficient demulsificationtechniques, cannot avoid the hard fact that it is not an easy task to break the most emulsified oil in shorttimes. For economic and operational reasons, it is necessary to separate the water from the emulsifiedoil to an acceptable level before it fed into the reclaimed fuel oil plant. One of the most widely usedmethods in treating water-in-oil emulsions is using surfactant to accelerate the emulsion breakingprocess. Three commonly used surfactants with high HLB value (Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate NP-9,Tween 80 and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate SDS), dissolved in toluene to form 25% solution, wereapplied into 100 ml emulsified waste lubricants originated from collectors in Balikpapan suburb. Thedemulsifying effects of all three surfactants were then examined, including the heat effect by warmingup the whole system. All experiments were carried out in different concentrations of each solution, 500ppm, 700 ppm, 900 ppm and 1100 ppm. The performance level was determined by the amount of waterseparated. The experiments continued using best performed surfactants and centrifugal separators tomeet the targetted water content in the waste lubricants by 5% and sediment content by 3% before itfed into the reclaimed fuel oil plant. Result showed that surfactants with the best demulsifying effectwere NP-9 and SDS. Both worked at the optimum concentration of 700 ppm. The targetted watercontent was successfully exceeded. Water content in the waste lubricants was reduced from 34% to0.08% with NP-9 and to 0.8% with SDS. Sediment content was however not as successful. Sedimentcontent in waste oil was reduced from 12.30% to only 6.56% with NP-9 and to only 5.11% with SDS.The removed water from the process needs further treatment before disposal. The concentration ofBOD 5, COD, oil and fat, and ammonia are beyond the quality standard of waste water. The wastewater passed only in pH, Dissolved Sulfide and Total Phenol.Keywords : surfactant, emulsion, demulsification effect, demulsifier solution, hydrophilic lipophilicbalance

Demulsification of a Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion with a Corn Oil BasedDemulsifier using the Response Surface Methodology: Modelling and Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed Saad ◽  
Nour Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Oil Emulsions

: In this study, the Sany-glass test was used to evaluate the performance of a new surfactant prepared from corn oil as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsions. Central composite design (CCD), based on the response surface methodology (RSM), was used to investigate the effect of four variables, including demulsifier dosage, water content, temperature, and pH, on the efficiency of water removal from the emulsion. As well, analysis of variance was applied to examine the precision of the CCD mathematical model. The results indicate that demulsifier dose and emulsion pH are two significant parameters determining demulsification. The maximum separation efficiency of 96% was attained at an alkaline pH and with 3500 ppm demulsifier. According to the RSM analysis, the optimal values for the input variables are 40% water content, 3500 ppm demulsifier, 60 °C, and pH 8.

scholarly journals Kajian Kualitas Air Tanah Ditinjau dari Parameter pH, Nilai COD dan BOD pada Desa Teluk Nilap Kecamatan Kubu Babussalam Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Arief Yandra Putra ◽  
Putri Ade Rahma Yulia
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Oil Company

Based on a preliminary study that has been carried out, Teluk Nilap Village, Kubu Babussalam District, Rokan Hilir was affected by the disposal of waste from oil company. The waste partly seeps into the residents' water sources which are used for domestic activities. It was because the location of the water sources close to the location of the waste oil disposal. The sampling technique in this study used the observation point technique (pumping test). Sampling refers to the point of waste oil flow (upstream, middle, downstream) and dug well water taken randomly (random sampling). The results showed pH values ranged from 2.8 to 6.6; BOD values range from 0.42 to 141.1 mg / L; COD values range from 20 to 291 mg / L. Ground water quality at some point in Teluk Nilap Village exceeded quality standard limits allowed and included in heavy pollution category.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Use of Waste Mineral Oils as a Fuel with Organic-based Mn Additive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Özdalyan ◽  
Recep Ç. Orman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Different Doses

The heat values of waste mineral oils are equal to the heat value of the fuel oil. However, heat value alone is not sufficient for the use of waste mineral oils. as fuel. However, the critical physical properties of fuels such as density and viscosity need to be adapted to the system in order to be used. In this study, the engine oils used in the first 10,000 km of the vehicles were used as waste mineral oil. An organic-based Mn additive was synthesized to improve the properties of the waste mineral oil. It was observed that mixing the Mn additive with the waste mineral oil at different doses (4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm) improves the viscosity of the waste oil and the flash point. The resulting fuel was evaluated for emission using different loads in a 5 kW capacity generator to compare the fuel with standard diesel fuel and to determine the effect of Mn addition. In the experimental study, it was observed that the emission characteristics of the fuel obtained from waste mineral oil were worse than diesel fuel, but some improvement with Mn addition. As a result, we found that the use of waste mineral oils in engines in fuel standards was not appropriate, but may be improved with additives.

An Experimental Investigation of Burning Droplets of Emulsified Marine Fuel Oils with Water

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Cherng-Yuan Lin ◽  
Chein-Ming Lin ◽  
Che-Shiung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
O 15 ◽  
Time Required

An experimental investigation is presented of the influences of emulsification of marine fuel oils A and C with water on the micro-explosion phenomenon and combustion characteristics of a burning droplet. The amount of surfactant and water-to-oil ratio by volume in the emulsion are varied to observe the variations of ignition delay, flame length, time required to attain the maximum flame length, duration as well as intensity of micro-explosion, flame appearance, and overall burning time. The measurements show that the emulsification effects on the combustion of marine fuel oils A and C are different. A droplet of C-oil emulsion is shown to be influenced by the addition of water and surfactant more significantly. The micro-explosion phenomena of droplets of A-and C-oil emulsions are seen to occur after and before their ignition, respectively. In addition, separate combinations of water and surfactant content exist for these fuel oils to achieve better emulsification effects on combustion. Droplets of emulsions with W/O = 15/85, E% = 2% for fuel oil A and W/O = 25/75, E% = 1% for fuel oil C are found to have the most violent droplet-disruption phenomenon and the longest flame length.

scholarly journals Oil sludge washing with surfactants and co-solvents: oil recovery from different types of oil sludges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ramirez ◽  
Liz J. Shaw ◽  
Chris D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Different physicochemical and biological treatments have been used to treat oil sludges, and oil recovery techniques are preferred such as oil sludge washing (OSW) with surfactants and co-solvents. Toluene is commonly used as co-solvent, but it is non-benign to the environment. This study tested alternative co-solvents (n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and isooctane) at 1:1 and 2:1 C/OS (co-solvent to oil sludge ratio). Also, this study evaluated the effect on the oil recovery rate (ORR) of three main parameters in the washing: type, concentration, and application ratio (S/OS) of surfactants to oil sludges. To date, no study has assessed these parameters in the washing of oil sludges from different sources. Four types of oil sludges and five surfactants (Triton X-100 and X-114, Tween 80, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and rhamnolipid) were used. The results showed that cyclohexane had high ORR and could be used instead of toluene because it is more benign to the environment. The S/OS ratio had a high effect on the ORR and depended on the type of oil sludge. Rhamnolipid, Triton X-100, and Triton X-114 had the highest oil recovery rates (40 – 70%). In addition, it was found that the surfactant concentration had no effect on the ORR. Consequently, the addition of surfactant was not significantly different compared to the washing with no surfactants, except for one sludge. The use of the surfactant in the washing solution can help in the selective extraction of specific oil hydrocarbon fractions in the recovered oil to assess its potential reuse as fuel. Further recommendations were given to improve the OSW process.

scholarly journals Marine Pollution Mitigation by Waste Oils Recycling Onboard Ships: Technical Feasibility and Need for New Policy and Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Mazzoccoli ◽  
Marco Altosole ◽  
Veronica Vigna ◽  
Barbara Bosio ◽  
Elisabetta Arato
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Oily Waste ◽  
To Receive

About 80% of the total pollution from ships is caused by operational oil discharges into the sea, often made deliberately and in violation of international rules; the main reasons can be due to cost savings or lack of adequate facilities in ports to receive waste oils. Therefore, reducing waste oil discharges is crucial for a proper protection of the marine environment. In this regard, the paper presents the preliminary feasibility of a particular waste recycling technology, aimed at obtaining marine fuel oil from sludge, through a pyrolysis process to be carried out in a small reactor onboard. The originality of the research consists in the adaptation of pyrolysis to oily waste produced by ships, since this technology is traditionally applied to solid waste and biomass. Furthermore, the plant has to be designed for operation on board the ship, therefore under very different constraints compared to traditional land plants. Although the preliminary lab tests and simulation results in the chemical process are promising enough, there are still some technical criticalities due to the energy optimization of the reactor for an efficient use onboard of the whole system. In addition, the possibility of recycling waste, directly onboard ships, is not yet covered by mandatory regulations, which is why shipowners generally still feel unmotivated to invest in such technologies.

M/V Kimton: A Case Study of The U. S. Coast Guard's Abandoned Vessel Program

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-753
Author(s):  
Meridena Kauffman ◽  
David Mosley
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Trust Fund ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Marine Safety

ABSTRACT In June of 2000, U. S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office (MSO) San Juan conducted the Annual Abandoned Vessel Inventory and noticed an abandoned vessel grounded on a beach in Fajardo, Puerto Rico. Personal investigation revealed that the vessel held approximately 5,000 gallons of waste oil in the engine room, posing a pollution threat to the local public. In a thorough attempt to identify the owner, the MSO used the knowledge of local fishermen, the marine police and Department of Natural Resource. When the owner could not be identified, the Captain of the Port decided to use the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund to remove the threat of an oil discharge. Upon discovering that five marine batteries and filters had been hidden on board the vessel, it was determined that it was likely being used as a waste dumpsite. If it was indeed a dumpsite, the Coast Guard would then take control of the vessel, initiate salvage operations, and remove it from its location. Local contractors were hired in the first successful oil removal attempt, lasting two days. In April of 2001, the re-assessment was conducted and an additional 5,000 gallons of waste oil was again discovered on the vessel, confirming the belief that it was a dumpsite. A more in depth assessment was conducted, and another 10,000 gallons of fuel oil was discovered in the wing tanks. The second project commenced with a local environmental contractor hired to remove the 15,000 gallons of oil. Then a salvage contractor was hired to mechanically cut the vessel into scrap for disposal. During this time over 300 lbs. of commercial grade C-4 explosives and detonation cord were discovered in a hidden compartment in the aft end of the vessel. The total cost to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was approximately $700,000.00 and over 2,000 man-hours were spent to complete the project. This three month long abandoned vessel removal is considered an important success for several reasons. Not only did the Coast Guard remove a major pollution threat from the environment, but the municipality has also renovated the beachfront area and installed a boardwalk for public access.

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