Analisis Hidrolis dan Jejak Karbon Jaringan Distribusi Air Bersih di Pulau Kecil Padat Penduduk (Pulau Lengkang Kecil, Kota Batam)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizki Apritama ◽  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Yosef Adicita
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACTThe clean water supply system network on Lengkang Kecil Island was developed in 2019. A small portion of the community's freshwater comes from harvesting rainwater and dug wells, which are only obtained during the rainy season. The primary source of clean water used by the community comes from underwater pipelines with a daily discharge of 0.86 l/sec. The water supply of the Lengkang Kecil Island community is 74.3 m3/day, with 146 House Connections (HCs) and to serve public facilities such as elementary schools, primary health centers, and mosques. Hydraulic evaluation of clean water distribution using EPANET 2.0 software on flow velocity shows the lowest rate of 0.29 m/s and the highest of 1.21 m/s. The lowest pressure value in the distribution system is 6.94-6.96 m and headloss units in the range 0.08-0.25 m/km. These three criteria are still within the distribution network design criteria (feasible). A carbon footprint can be calculated from each activity from the analysis of the evaluation of clean water distribution networks. The most massive emissions came from pumping activities with 131 kg CO2-eq, followed by emissions from wastewater 62.5 kgCO2-eq. Further research is needed to determine the quality of wastewater and the design for a centralized wastewater treatment plant (IPALT) to improve Lengkang Kecil Island residents' living standards.Keywords: Lengkang Kecil Island, water, EPANET, carbon footprintABSTRAKJaringan sistem penyediaan air bersih pada Pulau Lengkang Kecil dimulai pada tahun 2019. Sebagian kecil air bersih yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pemanenan air hujan dan sumur gali yang hanya didapat pada musim hujan. Sumber air bersih utama yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pengaliran perpipaan bawah laut dengan debit harian 0,86 l/detik. Kebutuhan air masyarakat Pulau Lengkang Kecil adalah 74,3 m3/hari dengan 146 Sambungan Rumah (SR) serta untuk melayani fasilitas umum seperti sekolah dasar (SD), puskesmas, dan masjid. Evaluasi hidrolis distribusi air bersih dengan menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 terhadap kriteria kecepatan aliran menunjukkan nilai terendah 0,29 m/s dan tertinggi 1,21 m/s. Nilai sisa tekan dalam sistem distribusi adalah 6,94–6,96 m dan unit headloss pada kisaran 0,08–0,25 m/km. Ketiga kriteria ini masih berada dalam kriteria desain jaringan distribusi (layak). Dari analisis evaluasi jaringan distribusi air bersih, dapat dihitung jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari setiap kegiatannya. Emisi terbesar berasal dari kegiatan pemompaan dengan nilai 131 kgCO2-eq, diikuti dengan emisi yang berasal dari air limbah dengan nilai 62,5 kgCO2-eq. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari air limbah dan desain untuk instalasi pengolahan air limbah terpusat (IPALT) untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk Pulau Lengkang Kecil.Kata kunci: Pulau Lengkang Kecil, air, EPANET, jejak karbon

Determination of Neutral Point in Water Distribution Network Pipes with Variable Discharge on Route

2014 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Sarbu ◽  
Gabriel Ostafe
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Proposed Model

Distribution networks are an essential part of all water supply systems. Distribution system costs within any water supply scheme may be equal to or greater than 60% of the entire cost of the project. The reliability of supply is much greater in the case of looped networks. The pipe networks have concentrated outflows or uniform outflow along the length of each pipe. In some pipes with variable discharge of a looped distribution network, water velocity could be reversed between its extremities. Thus, it is a water stall point denominated neutral point in which the discharge is null. In this paper a mathematical model for the determination of water stall point location in the pipes with distributed consumption is developed. This model has been implemented in a computer program for PC microsystems. Numerical example will be presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Reservoir performance Clean Water Distribution in Putat Gede Graha Family

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Swanata ◽  
M Ikhsan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Network System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Living Things

Water is one of the natural resources that is very important for the life of living things, and even becomes the main life for humans. With the existing treatment system and piping network system, Surya Sembada PDAM is expected to be able to meet the community’s clean water needs in Surabaya city. One og crucial things is the performance of reservoir in piped water distribution system from the clean water treatment plant. This study aims to evaluate the reservoir performance of the Surabaya PDAM, specifically the performance of Putat Gede reservoir, which is a distribution reservoir that serves the distribution of clean water to Graha Family Surabaya city. In this study Epanet 2.0 software was used as a hydrodynamic modelling tool. Based on the simulation result, at peak hours 07.00 a.m. reservoir Putat Gede is able to serve the community’s clean water needs. The farthest node has the lowest pressure of 15,45 m, and the lowest water level of the reservoir Putat Gede occurs at 09.00 a.m. which is 3 m. In general, the reservoir is still able to meet community’s clean water needs, especially during peak hours.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KINERJA RESERVOIR PADA JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH IPA I PDAM BANDARMASIH

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elma Sofia ◽  
Rony Riduan ◽  
Endrico Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regional Water

Air bersih merupakan kebutuhan dasar bagi manusia, sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih merupakan hal yang wajib diperhatikan oleh PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) sebagai pihak terkait.  Dengan sistem pengolahan dan sistem jaringan perpipaan yang ada, PDAM Bandarmasih diharapkan mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat yang ada di kota Banjarmasin.  Salah satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kinerja reservoir pada sistem distribusi perpipaan air bersih dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Bersih (IPA) sampai kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja reservoir PDAM Bandarmasih, khususnya kinerja reservoir S. Parman yang merupakan reservoir distribusi yang melayani distribusi air bersih ke zona 1 dan zona 4 wilayah layanan IPA (Instalasi Pengolahan Air) I PDAM Bandarmasih.  Pada penelitian ini digunakan perangkat lunak Epanet 2.0 sebagai alat bantu pemodelen hidrodinamika sistem distribusi air bersih.  Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dengan menggunakan Epanet 2.0, pada saat jam puncak 06.00 reservoir S. Parman mampu melayani kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat dan node terjauh mempunyai tekanan terendah 11,21 m dengan tinggi muka air terendah reservoir S. Parman terjadi pada jam 09.00 yaitu 0,75 m. Secara umum, reservoir masih mampu memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih pelanggan khususnya pada saat jam puncak. Kata kunci: Epanet, jaringan distribusi air bersih, PDAM, reservoir.   Clean water is a basic need for humans, requirement of clean water is considered important by the PDAM (Regional Water Company) as a related party. With the existing treatment system and piping network system, Bandarmasih PDAM is expected to be able to meet the community's clean water needs in Banjarmasin city. One of crucial things is the performance of reservoir in piped water distribution system from the Clean Water Treatment Plant.This study aims to evaluate the reservoir performance of the Bandarmasih PDAM, specifically the performance of S. Parman reservoir, which is a distribution reservoir that serves the distribution of clean water to zone 1 and zone 4 of the Water Treatment Plant (IPA) I PDAM Bandarmasih. In this study Epanet 2.0 software was used as a hydrodynamic modelling tool. Based on the simulation results, at peak hours 06.00 a.m. reservoir S. Parman is able to serve the community's clean water needs. The farthest node has the lowest pressure of 11.21 m, and the lowest water level of the reservoir S. Parman occurs at 09.00 a.m. which is 0.75 m. In general, the reservoir is still able to meet community's clean water needs, especially during peak hours. Keywords: reservoir, clean water distribution network, Epanet, PDAM

scholarly journals The role of water distribution networks in water supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-846
Author(s):  
Stephen Nyende-Byakika
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Supply Management

Abstract In water supply management it is commonly thought that consumer satisfaction depends mostly on the amount of water discharged to a network. Because of this, complaints about inadequate supply are usually blamed on insufficient production. However, a recent study by the author indicated that the water distribution and supply network is equally important. A water network modelled in EPANET2 hydraulic solver was subjected to various conditions and constraints, and its responses analyzed. For water to be supplied efficiently, and in addition to augmenting production, greater emphasis must be put on the distribution system. This must be designed and optimized appropriately, to deliver water at the required pressure and discharge. In particular, higher pressures can be obtained when larger diameter pipes are used because friction losses are reduced, thereby reducing pumping costs. One way to improve pressure is by limiting demand.

scholarly journals Hydraulic performance Analysis of water supply distribution network using water GEM v8i

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessalegn Geleta Ebsa ◽  
Fekadu Fufa
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Water Conveyance ◽  
Negative Pressures

Abstract. The study evaluates the hydraulic analysis of water supply distribution network using water GEMS v8i. which used for modeling and Simulation of hydraulic parameters in the distribution networks. The hydraulic parameters which analyzed by using this software were junction pressure, velocity of water in networking system, and nodal demands and the overall result of water supply did not satisfied demand. The water distribution system has been analyzed for steady state and extended period simulation for the present population scenario for intermittent water supply using water Gems v8i. About 14 percent of the total number of nodes analyzed had negative pressures while 68 percent of the nodes had pressures less than the adopted pressure for the analysis. These negative pressures indicate that there is inadequate head within the distribution network for water conveyance to all the sections. In the same manner 85.6 percent of flow velocities in the pipes were within the adopted velocity while around 14.4 percent of the velocities exceeded the adopted velocity. The results in this study revealed that the performance of the water distribution system of under current demand is inefficient.

scholarly journals Analysis of chemical stability of tap water in terms of required level of technological safety

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Dorota Papciak ◽  
Izabela Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Properties

AbstractThe main goal of this work is to show the new approach to determining safety technological levels (SLs) in terms of water quality and its chemical stability, as well as issues of water corrosion properties in water distribution systems (WDSs), due to the fact that water supply pipes are prone to corrosion. In the paper the methodology of determining the risk associated with threat to technical infrastructure was considered. The concept was studied on the basis of real operational data from the water treatment plant. The probability of exceeding the individual parameters for WTPI is slightly larger than for WTPII, which means that this water treatment process may cause lack of chemical stability in the water supply network. Operators should anticipate in the process of designing water distribution system, using proper materials, as to ensure an adequate level of safety from the water source to the water recipient. It should be noted that it is necessary to adjust the material of internal installation of water supply networks to the parameters of the water. At present, there are no correlations between the designing step and water parameters. It was concluded that to protect the water supply infrastructure, which belongs to critical infrastructure, water company should put more emphasis on distribution of stable water that has not potentially corrosion properties. Some suggestions were made for the protection of WDS and to ensure safety of system functioning and long-term usability of water pipes.

Implementation of electronic models of water supply and wastewater disposal systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Егорова ◽  
Е.В. Коневский ◽  
А.В. Васьковский ◽  
В.А. Зайко
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Security Information

За период с 2013 г. ООО «Самарские коммунальные системы» в рамках внедрения и развития электронных моделей систем водоснабжения и водоотведения приобрело программное обеспечение, организовало процесс паспортизации и актуализации сетей водоснабжения и водоотведения, опробовало различные методы поиска скрытых потерь воды на сетях водоснабжения с использованием результатов их гидравлического моделирования, произвело оценку различных перспективных мероприятий развития системы подачи и распределения воды и отведения стоков, сформировало алгоритм взаимодействия различных программных продуктов и сотрудников, работающих с ними, провело работы по обеспечению требований по охране сведений, относящихся к государственной тайне, разработало мероприятия по поддержанию ранее достигнутых результатов по устранению потерь воды. В настоящее время разрабатываются полномасштабные детализированные гидравлические модели систем водоснабжения и водоотведения, отрабатывается механизм передачи данных сбытового подразделения об объемах реализованных услуг непосредственно в гидравлическую модель. Since 2013, «Samarskie Kommunal’nye Sistemy», LLC, within the framework of the implementation and development of electronic models of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, acquired the software, arranged the process of certification and updating of water distribution and sewer networks, tested various methods of detecting latent water losses in the water distribution networks using the results of hydraulic modeling, assessed various promising measures for the development of the water supply and distribution system and wastewater disposal, developed an algorithm for the interaction of various software products and employees working with them, carried out measures on meeting the requirements for the protection of information related to the National Security Information, developed measures to maintain previously achieved results in eliminating water losses. Currently, full-scale detailed hydraulic models of the water supply and wastewater disposal systems are being developed, a mechanism is being tested for transferring data from the sales department on the volumes of provided services directly to the hydraulic model.

scholarly journals Planning of the Clean Water Distribution System Pipeline at Griya Arwana Lestari Housing, Merauke Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 10005
Author(s):  
Chitra Utary ◽  
Abner Doloksaribu ◽  
Daud Andang Pasalli ◽  
Hairulla Hairulla ◽  
Dimas D Putra
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Network System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Main Pipe ◽  
Housing Estates

Griya Arwana Lestari Housing Merauke Regency is one of the housing estates located in the area around the Merauke coast. The majority of residents of Griya Arwana Lestari housing use rainwater sources and buy water from water tanker trucks for their clean water needs. When the dry season arrives, the price of water from tanker trucks is quite expensive, making it difficult for residents of Griya Arwana Lestari housing to get clean water. So it is necessary to plan a clean water supply network system. The purpose of this study is to find out how much the discharge needs of clean water in Griya Arwana Lestari housing and find out what the diameter of the main pipe and secondary pipe are used. The method used is qualitative and quantitative based on field observations and counting the number of occupants in sustainable arowana housing then analyzing the need for clean water and then determining the diameter of the main pipe and secondary pipe. The results in this study are the required discharge in the housing is 3,973 l/s and for the main pipe diameter is 4 inches and for the secondary pipe 1 inch.

Water treatment to reduce internal corrosion in the drinking water distribution system in Oslo

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hem ◽  
E.A. Vik ◽  
A. Bjørnson-Langen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Internal Corrosion

In 1995 the new Skullerud water treatment plant was put into operation. The new water treatment includes colour removal and corrosion control with an increase of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in addition to the old treatment, which included straining and chlorination only. Comparative measurements of internal corrosion were conducted before and after the installation of the new treatment plant. The effect of the new water treatment on the internal corrosion was approximately a 20% reduction in iron corrosion and a 70% reduction in copper corrosion. The heavy metals content in standing water was reduced by approximately 90%. A separate internal corrosion monitoring programme was conducted, studying the effects of other water qualities on the internal corrosion rate. Corrosion coupons were exposed to the different water qualities for nine months. The results showed that the best protection of iron was achieved with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Neither a high content of free carbon dioxide or the use of the corrosion inhibitor sodium silicate significantly reduced the iron corrosion rate compared to the present treated water quality. The copper corrosion rate was mainly related to the pH in the water.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

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