Assessing Yield and Silage Quality of Intercropped Corn and Soybean in Different Planting Patterns and in Mardin Ecological Condition

Abstract The environmental assessment of the surface water quality of the Western Bug River has been made using the system of classification quality of land surface water of Ukraine in accordance with the approved methodology, which allows comparing water quality of separate areas of water objects of different regions. The calculation of the environmental assessment of water quality has been carried according to three blocks: block of salt composition, block of trophic and saprobic (ecological and sanitary) indicators and block of indicators of content of specific toxic substances. The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment, based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and consists in calculating the integral ecological index. Comprehensive studies of changes in the water quality of the Western Bug River have been conducted within the territory of Ukraine for a long-term period. The water quality of the river on the final values of the integral indicators of the ecological condition corresponded mainly to 4nd category of the 3rd class – the water is “satisfactory” by condition and “little polluted” by degree of purity (except for points of observation that located within the Volyn region, where the water quality corresponded to 3rd category and the 2nd class. It is “good” by condition and “fairly clean” by the degree of purity). Visualization and part of the analysis are performed using GIS technologies in the software of the ArcGIS 10.3.

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Influence of the quality of drinking water supply sources on the formation of the ecologically-dependent pathology of the population of the Republic of Dagestan

South of Russia ecology development ◽

10.18470/1992-1098-2020-4-168-176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 168-176

Author(s):

M. G. Daudova ◽

R. B. Bagomedova ◽

K. K. Bekshokov ◽

M. M. Medzhidova ◽

S. M. Nakhibashev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Ecological Condition ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Chemical Contamination ◽

The Republic

Aim. Study of the influence of drinking water quality on the ecologically-dependent morbidity of the population of the Republic of Dagestan.Material and Methods. Methods of current and retrospective analysis of regional health indicators and methods of mathematical-statistical and medical-geographical analysis were used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the STATISTICA and Excel software packages. When carrying out laboratory studies on the quality of drinking water, we used a Lumex atomic absorption spectrometer "MGA-915MD".Results. Numerous hygiene studies indicate the direct impact of unsatisfactory drinking water quality on the health of a population. The relationship between sanitary and chemical indicators and the incidence rate for a number of nosological forms has been proven. It is generally accepted that human health is influenced by lifestyle factors (working, living and relaxation conditions), heredity and the ecological condition of the area of residence, including the quality of drinking water. Although it is not possible to differentiate the share of the negative effect caused by the consumption of poor quality drinking water but the incidence of certain nosological forms (cancer of the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract and kidney diseases) in the those regions of the Republic of Dagestan under consideration correlates with the characteristics of drinking water.Conclusion. The problem of pollution of water supply sources for the population in the dynamics of the long-term remains a priority concern. The quality and safety of drinking water are decreasing, which cannot but have a negative impact on public health. Correlation linkages between indicators of drinking water quality and oncological morbidity of the population were also established in indicators below the maximum permissible concentrations, which corresponds to a typical logistic model of causal relationships and serves as evidence of the high dependence of health disorders on chemical contamination of water supply sources.

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Effects of seeding rate, fertilizing time and fertilizer type on yield, nutritive value and silage quality of whole-crop wheat

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(9)225-234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 225-234

Author(s):

Liuxing Xu ◽

Zhaohong Xu ◽

Mingxia Chen ◽

Jianguo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Significant Interaction ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Compound Fertilizer ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Jointing Stage

Whole-crop wheat (WCW) is rich in nutrients and is widely used as a forage crop. This study consisted of 2 experiments: Experiment 1 studied the yield, nutritive value and silage quality of WCW at 3 seeding rates (320 kg/ha, S320; 385 kg/ha, S385; and 450 kg/ha, S450) and different fertilizing times, i.e. 60% at seedling stage and the remaining 40% at the jointing stage vs. heading stage; and Experiment 2 examined the yield, nutritive value and silage quality of WCW receiving different fertilizer types, i.e. urea, compound fertilizer (N:P:K) and urea + compound fertilizer (all iso-nitrogenous). With the increased seeding rate, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields tended to increase, but relative feed value tended to decrease. Experiment 1: there was no significant interaction between time of applying the second fertilizer dose and seeding rate in terms of concentrations of CP, crude fiber, ether extract, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in wheat (P>0.05). However, a significant interaction between fertilizing time and seeding rate was observed in terms of silage fermentation quality (pH, lactic acid, butyric acid and NH3-N concentrations) (P<0.05). Experiment 2: DM yield, CP yield and concentrations of CP, ADF and water-soluble carbohydrate were not affected by fertilizer type (P>0.05). Fertilizer type had significant effects on pH of silage and concentrations of organic acids (except propionic acid) and NH3-N in WCW silage (P<0.05). Under the present study conditions, considering DM yield, nutrient composition and silage fermentation quality, an optimal seeding rate of wheat for forage appears to be about 385 kg/ha. N fertilizer should be applied at the seedling stage and jointing stage. Although applying a mixture of urea and compound fertilizer had no significant effects on yield and nutritive value of WCW relative to applying urea alone, it did improve silage fermentation quality. Results may differ on different soils.

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SILAGE QUALITY OF CORN AND SORGHUM ADDED WITH FORAGE PEANUTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n224rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 465-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

WALKÍRIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO ◽

KÁTIA APARECIDA DE PINHO COSTA ◽

PATRÍCIA SOARES EPIFANIO ◽

ROZANA CASTRO PERIM ◽

DANIEL AUGUSTO ALVES TEIXEIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Efficient Technique ◽

Arachis Pintoi ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Sorghum Silage

ABSTRACT: Corn and sorghum are standard silage crops because of their fermentative characteristics. While corn and sorghum silages have lower crude protein (CP) contents than other crops, intercropping with legumes can increase CP content. Furthermore, one way to increase CP content is the addition of legumes to silage. Consequently, the research objective was to evaluate the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silages added with forage peanuts (Arachis pintoi). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments consisted of corn silage, sorghum silage, forage peanut silage, corn silage with 30% forage peanut, and sorghum silage with 30% forage peanut. The results showed that the corn and sorghum added with peanut helped to improve the silage fermentative and bromatological characteristics, proving to be an efficient technique for silage quality. The forage peanut silage had lower fermentative characteristics than the corn and sorghum silages. However, the forage peanut silage had a greater CP content, which increased the protein contents of the corn and sorghum silages when intercropped with forage peanuts.

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Production, fermentation profile, and nutritional quality of silage from corn and soybean intercropping

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 3143

Author(s):

Karolyna Oliveira Marques ◽

Adriano Jakelaitis ◽

Kátia Cylene Guimarães ◽

Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽

Isabella Sichierski Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Soybean Variety ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Silage Production ◽

Reducing Costs ◽

Energy Supplements

Forage seasonality makes farmers use conservation practices. Mixing corn silage and legumes can enhance silage quality and hence animal productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate yield and quality of silages from intercropping between genetically modified corn and soybean for glyphosate tolerance (RR - Roundup Ready) as a function of plant spatial arrangement, soybean variety, and sowing fertilization methods. Two intercropping arrangements of RR corn and RR soybeans were tested: alternate single rows of corn and soybeans and double corn rows for each soybean row. Treatments were randomized blocks with four replications, arranged in a 2x2+1 factorial scheme. The first factor was sowing fertilization method (2): only in corn rows or in total area. The second factor was soybean variety (2): medium- and late-cycle genotypes, and an additional treatment of corn monoculture. After harvest, forage material was analyzed for agronomic characteristics and then ensiled for 60 days. Thereafter, bromatological composition, fermentation profile, and losses were analyzed during silage fermentation process. No differences were observed among treatments for total silage production. Overall, silage from intercropping treatments showed higher levels of hemicellulose, total digestible nutrients, crude protein, and ether extract, thus improving silage quality. However, lower contents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose were also observed in silage from intercropped treatments. In short, adding soybeans to silage can improve final roughage, reducing costs of protein and energy supplements.

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Effects of Maturity Stages on the Nutritive Composition and Silage Quality of Whole Crop Wheat

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.2012.12084 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1374-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Z. L. Xie ◽

T. F. Zhang ◽

X. Z. Chen ◽

G. D. Li ◽

J. G. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Maturity Stages ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Nutritive Composition

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The effect of grass and maize silage quality on diet digestibility and performance of beef cattle

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200011698 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 ◽

pp. 10-10

Author(s):

R.M. Kirkland ◽

D.C. Patterson

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Maize Silage ◽

High Quality ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Silage Quality ◽

And Performance

A preliminary study at this Institute indicated that inclusion of high quality maize silage in a grass silage-based diet could promote higher forage intakes in beef cattle, but the response to inclusion of maize silage was affected by the quality of grass silage. The objective of this study was to further examine the effects of grass (GS) and maize (MS) silage qualities on intake characteristics, and to evaluate the influence of forage offered on animal performance.

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Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200004701 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 88-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I.A. Bouriako ◽

H. Shihab ◽

V. Kuri ◽

J. K. Margerison

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Compositional Quality

Wilting grass before ensiling has become a firmly established practice, since it provides economic advantages due to the increment of the dry matter content of the forage before ensiling. Most forage crops contain less than 20 per cent of dry matter when they are cut thus reduction of the weight of crop to be transported provides advantages (Gordon et al., 1999). Also, research has shown that such practices yield improved and reduced effluent loss from the silo and higher feeding value of the silage. Wilting of grass prior to ensiling has been widely adopted as a means of reducing effluents produced and improving the fermentation quality of silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of differing wilting periods and silage moisture levels of silage quality and microbial growth levels.

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Effect of enzyme additives on quality of alfalfa/grass silage and dairy cow performance

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas93-062 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 581-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. H. Fredeen ◽

R. E. McQueen

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cow ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Latin Square ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Silage Quality

First- and second-cut alfalfa/grass forage crops were wilted to approximately 40% dry matter (DM) and ensiled untreated (control) or treated with either of two enzyme additives to determine the effects on silage quality and animal performance of crops that contain different ratios of legume to grass. An alfalfa enzyme mix (Alfa) contained cellulase, amylase and glucose oxidase; a grass enzyme mix (Grass) was similar but contained no amylase. Both additives contained identical inoculants of lactobacillus. Silage was fed to mid-lactation Holstein cows at 60 d (second cut) and 120 d (first cut) postensiling using repeated Latin square designs. Silage samples and animal performance data were collected during the last 7 d of each of three 28-d feeding periods that comprised each Latin square. Colony-forming units of lactic acid bacteria, concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ammonia N, acid-detergent fiber N and organic acids, pH, DM disappearance, and temperature changes during ensiling were measured to assess silage quality. Six sheep were also used in a repeated Latin square design to determine digestibility of the second-cut silages. First-cut silage, which contained about 50% timothy, and 50% alfalfa was qualitatively similar across treatments except for a lower (P < 0.05) concentration of hemicellulose in Grass-treated silage. The only effect (P < 0.05) on quality of second-cut silage, which contained about 80% alfalfa and 20% timothy, was an increase in estimated DM loss in Grass-treated silage compared with Alfa and the control. Despite the negligible effects on silage quality parameters, Grass slightly depressed (P < 0.10) the yield of fat-corrected milk in cows fed first-cut silage, and DM intake of cows fed second-cut forage was elevated slightly (P < 0.05) and fat percent was depressed (P < 0.05) by Alfa relative to the control. Consequently, although the change was small, enzyme treatment of forages may represent a means of reducing the fat percent of milk. Sheep consumed more (P < 0.05) second-cut silage treated with Alfa, and DM digestibility was higher (P = 0.09) when compared with the control. An enzyme mixture containing amylase may be marginally more effective when forage mixtures contain more alfalfa than timothy. Key words: Silage, enzymes, dairy, cow, digestibility, milk fat

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