scholarly journals Effects of seeding rate, fertilizing time and fertilizer type on yield, nutritive value and silage quality of whole-crop wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Liuxing Xu ◽  
Zhaohong Xu ◽  
Mingxia Chen ◽  
Jianguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Jointing Stage

Whole-crop wheat (WCW) is rich in nutrients and is widely used as a forage crop. This study consisted of 2 experiments: Experiment 1 studied the yield, nutritive value and silage quality of WCW at 3 seeding rates (320 kg/ha, S320; 385 kg/ha, S385; and 450 kg/ha, S450) and different fertilizing times, i.e. 60% at seedling stage and the remaining 40% at the jointing stage vs. heading stage; and Experiment 2 examined the yield, nutritive value and silage quality of WCW receiving different fertilizer types, i.e. urea, compound fertilizer (N:P:K) and urea + compound fertilizer (all iso-nitrogenous). With the increased seeding rate, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields tended to increase, but relative feed value tended to decrease. Experiment 1: there was no significant interaction between time of applying the second fertilizer dose and seeding rate in terms of concentrations of CP, crude fiber, ether extract, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in wheat (P>0.05). However, a significant interaction between fertilizing time and seeding rate was observed in terms of silage fermentation quality (pH, lactic acid, butyric acid and NH3-N concentrations) (P<0.05). Experiment 2: DM yield, CP yield and concentrations of CP, ADF and water-soluble carbohydrate were not affected by fertilizer type (P>0.05). Fertilizer type had significant effects on pH of silage and concentrations of organic acids (except propionic acid) and NH3-N in WCW silage (P<0.05). Under the present study conditions, considering DM yield, nutrient composition and silage fermentation quality, an optimal seeding rate of wheat for forage appears to be about 385 kg/ha. N fertilizer should be applied at the seedling stage and jointing stage. Although applying a mixture of urea and compound fertilizer had no significant effects on yield and nutritive value of WCW relative to applying urea alone, it did improve silage fermentation quality. Results may differ on different soils.

scholarly journals The effect of a mixture of Lactobacillus strains on silage quality and nutritive value of grass harvested at four growth stages and ensiled for two periods

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan De Boever ◽  
Elien Dupon ◽  
Eva Wambacq ◽  
Joos Latré
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Silage Quality

 The effect of adding an inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri, L. plantarum and L. casei to wilted perennial ryegrass, harvested at four growth stages and ensiled for either 60 or 150 d on silage fermentation quality, chemical composition, rumen degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and organic matter (OM) and in vitro OM digestibility (OMd) was studied. Compared to the control silage, more sugars were fermented to lactic and acetic acid with the inoculant, resulting in a lower pH, less dry matter losses and protein degradation and a better aerobic stability. The effects of the additive on fermentation quality were more pronounced after 150 than after 60 d of ensiling, because the quality of the control silage was worse after long ensiling period. The treatment lowered NDF content of grass harvested at the first two growth stages by degrading cell walls to complex sugars, but had no effect on NDF degradability of the silage. The inoculant had no effect on rumen OM degradability nor on OMd after the short ensiling period, but increased the rumen OM degradability for the first two growth stages and OMd for all growth stages after long ensiling period.

scholarly journals Production, fermentation profile, and nutritional quality of silage from corn and soybean intercropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3143
Author(s):  
Karolyna Oliveira Marques ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
Kátia Cylene Guimarães ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Isabella Sichierski Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Energy Supplements

Forage seasonality makes farmers use conservation practices. Mixing corn silage and legumes can enhance silage quality and hence animal productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate yield and quality of silages from intercropping between genetically modified corn and soybean for glyphosate tolerance (RR - Roundup Ready) as a function of plant spatial arrangement, soybean variety, and sowing fertilization methods. Two intercropping arrangements of RR corn and RR soybeans were tested: alternate single rows of corn and soybeans and double corn rows for each soybean row. Treatments were randomized blocks with four replications, arranged in a 2x2+1 factorial scheme. The first factor was sowing fertilization method (2): only in corn rows or in total area. The second factor was soybean variety (2): medium- and late-cycle genotypes, and an additional treatment of corn monoculture. After harvest, forage material was analyzed for agronomic characteristics and then ensiled for 60 days. Thereafter, bromatological composition, fermentation profile, and losses were analyzed during silage fermentation process. No differences were observed among treatments for total silage production. Overall, silage from intercropping treatments showed higher levels of hemicellulose, total digestible nutrients, crude protein, and ether extract, thus improving silage quality. However, lower contents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose were also observed in silage from intercropped treatments. In short, adding soybeans to silage can improve final roughage, reducing costs of protein and energy supplements.

scholarly journals Pectin Degradation is an Important Determinant for Alfalfa Silage Fermentation through the Rescheduling of the Bacterial Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Sun ◽  
Zhu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Pectin Degradation ◽  
Bacterial Community Diversity ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the four kinds of additives on the silage quality and the relevant bacterial community diversity by Illumina HiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing. The four kinds of additives were Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), organic acids including gallic acid (GA) and phenyllactic acid (PA), pectin (PEC), and enzymes including pectinase (PEE) and cellulase (CE). After 30 d of fermentation, the pH value was shown to have the lowest value in the PEE and PEC groups, followed by the PA group, and then in CE and GA groups; the highest value of pH was found in both LP and control groups. The ammonia nitrogen concentration was lower in the PEE group compared to the other groups except for the PA group. In the comparisons among the seven groups, Lactobacillus was higher in the LP group, Paracoccus was higher in the GA group, Weissella was higher in the PA group, Leuconostoc was higher in the PEC group, Bacillus, Aeromonas, and Curvibacter were higher in the PEE group, and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002 was higher in the CE group compared to the other groups. This study proposed that the addition of PEC and PEE improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage compared to other additives by improving the bacterial community of Leuconostoc, and Bacillus and Aeromonas, respectively. Moreover, the enhanced fermentation quality of alfalfa silage by the supplementation of PEC and PEE might be attributed to other unclassified genera. This study provides an implication that pectin degradation is an important determinant for alfalfa silage fermentation through the rescheduling of bacterial community diversity.

Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 88-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Bouriako ◽  
H. Shihab ◽  
V. Kuri ◽  
J. K. Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Compositional Quality

Wilting grass before ensiling has become a firmly established practice, since it provides economic advantages due to the increment of the dry matter content of the forage before ensiling. Most forage crops contain less than 20 per cent of dry matter when they are cut thus reduction of the weight of crop to be transported provides advantages (Gordon et al., 1999). Also, research has shown that such practices yield improved and reduced effluent loss from the silo and higher feeding value of the silage. Wilting of grass prior to ensiling has been widely adopted as a means of reducing effluents produced and improving the fermentation quality of silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of differing wilting periods and silage moisture levels of silage quality and microbial growth levels.

Towards improved silage quality – A review

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Silage quality, as with all forages, is governed by the maturity of the crop at harvest. However, fermentation in the silo further influences nutritive value of silage by reducing voluntary intake and utilization of digestible nutrients. Silage research up to the present time has focussed on closing the gap between feeding value of the original crop and that of the resulting silage. This review focuses on the advances made towards closing that gap, and explores the possibility that in the future ensiling can become a tool for actually increasing the feeding value of forages. Following a section defining silage quality, the relationships between silage fermentation quality and voluntary intake and between silage fermentation and protein and energy utilization will be examined, with emphasis placed on measures to minimize the negative effects of fermentation on animal production. Recent literature is reviewed, which suggests that many factors previously thought to reduce silage intake, such as pH, lactic acid and dry matter (DM), have, in fact, only a casual relationship with intake. Concentrations of fermentation acids do not seem closely related to silage intake; however, they are critical in determining the balance of volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced in the rumen. This in turn, affects the non-glucogenic ratio and can influence milk and body composition in productive livestock. While rumen ammonia is often implicated in reducing silage intake, protein solubility may be more the causal agent than ammonia per se. Protein solubility is also a major factor in reducing the efficiency of silage protein utilization. Methods to reduce protein solubility in silages are discussed. Methods shown to improve silage feeding value include effective wilting and rapid acidification, either by direct acidification or the use of inoculants. Their widespread adoption has undoubtedly contributed to improvements in animal production from silages in recent years. Key words: Silage, feeding value, voluntary food intake, fermentation, ruminant

Influences of Northern Leaf Blight on corn silage fermentation quality, nutritive value and feed intake by sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng WANG ◽  
Kousaku SOUMA ◽  
Yuki KOBAYASHI ◽  
Kei IWABUCHI ◽  
Chihiro SATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Northern Leaf Blight ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Quality

Effect of Addition of Chlorella and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Nutritive Value and Fermentation Quality of Fresh Rice Straw Silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Choon Choi ◽  
Soundarrajan Ilavenil ◽  
Mariadhas Valan Arasu ◽  
Hyung-Su Park ◽  
Won-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fermentation Quality
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