scholarly journals A Review of The Role of Mindfulness-based Interventions in the Treatment of Addiction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Lindsay Dragland
Keyword(s):  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Preventative Measure ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
Mindfulness Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Mindfulness involves the nonjudgmental awareness and observation of one’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviours. Mindfulness-based interventions are becoming increasingly popular, as the growing body of research suggests promising implications regarding mindfulness as an approach to treat a wide variety of health problems. Specifically, mindfulness practices have been utilized in the treatment of addiction, and are shown to significantly reduce the relapse rate for individuals struggling with addiction. This paper reviews the research on mindfulness and addiction, describing the conceptualization and measurement of mindfulness, as well as various mindfulness-based interventions. An overview of addiction, including its determinants and treatments, is also provided. The relationship between mindfulness and addiction is examined and conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions, how these interventions address the essential components of recovery, and the extent to which mindfulness may be utilized as a preventative measure.

scholarly journals Minority stress, resilience, and health in Italian and Taiwanese LGB+ people: A cross-cultural comparison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Baiocco ◽  
Cristiano Scandurra ◽  
Fausta Rosati ◽  
Jessica Pistella ◽  
Salvatore Ioverno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sexual Stigma ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present study, using a moderated mediational model, explored levels of distal/proximal stressors, rumination, resilience, and health in a group of Italian and Taiwanese LGB+ people. The study also examined the role of internalized sexual stigma (ISS) and rumination as mediators between discrimination and health, and resilience as a moderator of the relationship between discrimination and ISS, rumination, and health, respectively. An online survey was administered to 508 LGB+ participants (270 Italian and 238 Taiwanese) whose age ranged from 18 to 70 years (M = 37.93, SD = 13.53). The moderated mediation model was tested through a series of path analyses stratified by group nationality. Italian participants reported higher discrimination and resilience, but lower ISS, rumination, and health problems compared to their Taiwanese counterparts. The only common path between groups was the direct effect of discrimination on health problems. The mediating role of ISS and rumination in the relationship between discrimination and health, as well as the moderating role of resilience, were partly significant only for the Italian group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that mediators and moderators used to evaluate the effects of minority stress on health may differ between groups; further culturally sensitive research in the field of LGB+ health is needed.

scholarly journals Personalization of Politics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Garzia ◽  
Frederico Ferreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Personalization Of Politics

Over the last decades, the “personalization of politics” has turned into one of the defining elements of the democratic process. The common wisdom that sees popular political leaders as a fundamental electoral asset for their own parties has found increasing support in the existing comparative literature. Equally crucial aspects, such as the relationship between personalization and the old media, have been repeatedly addressed by communication research. A growing body of evidence from the fields of personality psychology and leadership studies has further refined our understanding of the role of individuals—politicians and voters alike—in driving this trend across time. Finally, institutional research dealing with parties, electoral systems, and cabinets has specified the structural transformations that fostered the personalization of politics in Western democracies and beyond. This article summarizes the growing body of available knowledge on the topic focusing, in turn, on General Overviews on personalization and politics; Electoral Research: Leader Effects on Voter Behavior and voting behavior; Personality Psychology and leadership studies; Party Politics; Political Communication; and Institutions: Primaries, Electoral Systems, and Executives and electoral systems.

Exploring Potential Protective Factors for the Relationship between Low Self-Control in Adolescence and Negative Health Outcomes in Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2093144
Author(s):  
Cashen M. Boccio
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research links low levels of self-control with criminal involvement and negative life outcomes. A similar line of inquiry has begun to explore whether low levels of self-control are also associated with developing health problems in adulthood. This paper extends this research by examining associations between adolescent levels of self-control and four different categories of health outcomes in adulthood. In addition, this study examines whether associations between adolescent levels of low self-control and health outcomes in adulthood are moderated by environmental protective factors. The results reveal that low levels of self-control in adolescence are consistently associated with reporting more health problems. In addition, some evidence emerged in support of the role of environmental protective factors in buffering the risk of developing health problems conferred by low levels of self-control in adolescence.

scholarly journals Moving Mindfully: The Role of Mindfulness Practice in Physical Activity and Health Behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dev Roychowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population

Participation in regular physical activity yields numerous psychological and physical health benefits. Despite this, a large proportion of the global population is increasingly becoming inactive and sedentary, which has been linked to various causes of morbidity and mortality. One practice that has been found to encourage healthy participation in physical activity and associated health behaviours is mindfulness. Mindfulness practices have been consistently linked to higher levels of physical activity participation. However, the relationship between mindfulness practices and physical activity remains ambiguous. This present paper comments on the role of mindfulness practice in physical activity and health behaviours. Implications for future research and practice have also been addressed.

The Relationship between Beliefs about Emotions and Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Eun-Jee Hong ◽  
Maria Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Regulation Process ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Beliefs About Emotions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Emotion regulation is a known predictor for psychopathology and a target for treatment. A growing body of literature has examined the role of beliefs about emotions (BEs) in the emotion regulation process, yet the relationship between the two has yet to be systematically evaluated. A systematic review was conducted across five databases and 22 studies that assessed the relationship between BEs and emotion regulation were identified. The findings generally revealed a positive relationship between beliefs about the controllability and goodness of emotions and emotion regulation. There was strong evidence that beliefs about controllability were consistently associated with ‘active’ emotion regulatory strategies. This outcome has important implications for targeting change in therapy. However, further investigation is needed to establish consistent patterns regarding beliefs about the goodness of emotion and emotion regulation using longitudinal designs.

scholarly journals The Role of Exemplars and Lexical Frequency in Rendaku

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Sano
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Lexical Frequency ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between lexical frequency and phonological processes, focusing on rendaku in Japanese. Recently, the effect of lexical frequency on linguistic processes, either direct or indirect, has been confirmed in a growing body of studies. However, little attention has been paid to the potential effect of lexical frequency on rendaku. With this background, I examined the effect of lexical frequency on the applicability of rendaku, and developed an analogy-based model by incorporating lexical frequency. The results demonstrate (i) that lexical frequency affects the applicability of rendaku, (ii) less frequent compounds follow the existing patterns that the exemplar offers, and (iii) that rendaku is psychologically real; in other words, rendaku is productively applied to innovative forms, and such an application can be accounted for by the current model.

scholarly journals Acculturation and Subsequent Oral Health Problems Among Older Chinese Americans: The Role of Neighborhood Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
Weiyu Mao ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Iris Chi ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
XinQi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Older Chinese Americans

Abstract To further understand social, cultural, and personal predictors of oral health outcomes, this study addressed the relationship between acculturation and subsequent oral health problems and tested the moderating role of neighborhood disorder in such a relationship among older Chinese Americans. The working sample included 2,706 foreign-born community-dwelling older Chinese Americans aged 60 years or older who participated in the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago at the baseline and the first follow-up. Stepwise Poisson regression using lagged dependent variable was conducted. Behavioral acculturation was protective against subsequent oral health problems. Residence in Chinatown was associated with an increase in the risk of subsequent oral health problems. The relationship between behavioral acculturation and subsequent oral health problems varied by levels of neighborhood disorder. To reduce oral health-related disease burdens, it is important to consider the role of acculturation and the neighborhood on subsequent oral health problems in practice and policy. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Oral Health Interest Group.

scholarly journals Vitamin D alteration associated with obesity and bariatric surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lespessailles ◽  
Hechmi Toumi
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity and severe obesity constitute growing serious health problems reaching epidemic proportion in most countries. Interactions and relationships between obesity and bone tissue and its metabolism are complex but are more and more studied and recognized. Obesity is associated with an altered hormonal profile including particularly bone-regulating hormones like vitamin D. Bariatric surgery procedures, thanks to their effectiveness to achieve therapeutic endpoints for comorbidities associated with obesity, have had an increasing success. However, these surgeries by producing mechanical restriction and or malabsorption syndrome lead to nutritional deficiencies including vitamin D. In this review, we aim to (1) discuss the nutritional deficiency of vitamin D in the obese, (2) to summarize the different surgical options in bariatric surgery and to present the evidence concerning these procedures and their associated profile in vitamin D post-operative insufficiency, (3) to present the different recommendations in clinical practice to prevent or treat vitamin D deficiencies or insufficiencies in patients treated by bariatric surgery and finally to introduce emerging assumptions on the relationship between vitamin D, microbiota composition and circulating bile acids. Impact statement Obesity and severe obesity constitute growing serious health problems reaching epidemic proportion in most countries with a prevalence increasing from 6.4 in 1975 to 14.9% in 2014. This present review summarizes currently available data on vitamin D deficiencies in the obese population before and after bariatric surgery. The important evidence emerging from our evaluation confirms that obese patients are at risk of multiple nutritional deficiencies, especially vitamin D deficiency, before bariatric surgery. Our survey confirms that the precise role of the gut microbiome and its associated changes on the vitamin D metabolism after the different bariatric surgery procedures has not yet been studied. Furthermore, whether differences in the microbiota may alter the therapeutic responses to vitamin D is not known.

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