scholarly journals Teaching "the young idea how to shoot"

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Lorna J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Frances Burney ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Creative Play ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Amateur Theatricals ◽  
Child Reader ◽  
Insight Into

"The Burney family stood at the centre of cultural life of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England, and excelled in several forms of artistic expression, especially in writing. Among the manuscripts preserved in the family archive are some collections of juvenilia produced by the children of Charles Rousseau and Esther Burney, Frances Burney’s elder sister. These literary projects helped the young authors to build confidence in their writing, refine their craft, and find a voice. This paper examines two: the first is an early example of a family-produced magazine that is patterned after one of the first-ever periodicals aimed at children. The second collection is a series of anthologies containing poems, plays, and stories written by Sophia Elizabeth Burney and dedicated to her novelist aunt. The plays seem designed to be performed in amateur theatricals; the stories contain images of female suffering, sharp satire on social pretentions, and a raucous (even violent) sense of humour that evoke the novels of Frances Burney. The newly discovered manuscripts reflect an environment that evidently encouraged creative play, self-expression, and artistic production. The study of these juvenile works yield insight into the creative world of the Burneys and, more generally, into the world of the child reader and writer in late eighteenth-century England.

scholarly journals Growing Up Burney

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Clark
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Original Compositions ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Frances Burney ◽  
Family Identity ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
The Family

The pressure of family identity and politics affected more than one generation of Burneys. Beyond Frances Burney, and her intense relationship with her father Charles Burney, were other family members who also felt the pressure to “write & read & be literary.” These tendencies can be seen most clearly in the works of juvenilia preserved in the family archive. A commonplace book bound in vellum has been discovered that preserves more than one hundred poems, mostly original compositions written by family and friends. The activity of commonplacing reflects a community in which reading and writing are valued. Collected by the youngest sister of Frances Burney, they seem to have been copied after she married. The juvenile writings of her nieces and nephews preponderate, whose talents were encouraged, as they give versified expression to their deepest feelings and fears. Literary influences of the Romantic poets can be traced, as the young authors define themselves in relation to these materials. Reflecting a kind of self-fashioning, the commonplace book helps these young writers explore their sense of family identity through literary form. This compilation represents a collective expression of authorship which can inform us about reading and writing practices of women and their families in the eighteenth century.

Francis Bird, Sculptor, 1667–1731

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Rosemary Rendel
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Written Sources

It has not, I think, been generally realised up till now, that Francis Bird was a Catholic. Joseph Gillow includes him in his Biographical Dictionary of the English Catholics but this is a source hardly known to historians of Art and one which recusant historians are hesitant about using because Gillow is sometimes inaccurate. In this case, Gillow may have been able to check his written sources against an accurate family tradition, since Francis Bird was a distant ancestor of his through the marriage of a great-great-grandson, George Thomas Ferrers, to Mary Gillow of Hammersmith. Francis Bird was the leading sculptor whose career bridges the gap between the age of Gibbons and the age of Rysbrack. It is clear that he had a large practice and must have made free use of assistants. He appears to have had a good continental training, though its details are somewhat obscure.The main source for Francis Bird's life is one of the manuscript notebooks of George Vertue, the eighteenth-century engraver, himself a Catholic. He recorded in these the chief events in the world of London artists from September 1722 to August 1754. Vertue's notes were not intended for publication, and his information came either at first hand or from those who knew the artists personally. He states that when Francis Bird died, he left six children, one of them being a son who was aged fifteen at his father's death. C.R.S. sources have now enabled us to identify most of the children and grandchildren. I am most grateful to Sister Francis Agnes Onslow, O.S.F., of Goodings, for allowing me to take over the relevant part of her Bird and Chapman family tree, when we found that we were working in parallel, and it is reproduced here as a first draft so that others may fill in the gaps and make the necessary corrections. I hope to give the Chapman part of the family tree in a subsequent note.

Unblocking Enlightenment Loos, Bernardin's Boxer Shorts and Other Day-to-Day Practicalities in Eighteenth-Century Normandy: A Whistle-Stop Tour of Catherine de Saint-Pierre's Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-223
Author(s):  
Katherine Astbury ◽  
Catriona Seth
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Catherine de Saint-Pierre was Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's sister. Although his letters to her have not survived, we do have her letters to him. While he and his brothers travelled the world from Mauritius to Haiti, Catherine remained in their native Normandy. News and merchandise from far-flung corners of the globe came to her, but she never moved. Nevertheless she played an important role in the family dynamics, as she was often the one who gave family members news about each other. The trials and tribulations of her life in Dieppe fill the pages of her letters, but, in addition to details of her latest ailments, we gain a sense of someone who was very adept at navigating social networks to get the best for her and her family at as little cost as possible. This article reveals the hidden practical realities of getting things done on a budget in Dieppe at the end of the eighteenth century. It highlights the range and versatility of the networks upon which Catherine called as a means of saving money and provides us with some insider details on everyday expenses and exchanges invaluable to all those looking to better understand the economics and legalities of period.

'gedaen door N. de Vos, tot Antwerpen'. Lotgevallen van de portretten van Joris Vezelaer en Margaretha Boghe, voorouders van Constantijn Huygens, geschilderd door Joos van Cleve

2006 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Lucy L.E. Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Dealer

AbstractBased on four letters dating from the period between December 1652 to January 1653, the article documents the vicissitudes of the portraits (and copies of them) of Joris Vezelaer and Margaretha Boghe. This couple, portrayed by Joos van Cleve in about 1518, were identified by Horst Gerson as the parents of Constantijn Huygens on his mother's side. Huygens, eager to obtain the original portraits or at least copies of them, makes enquiries from the art dealer Matthijs Musson in Antwerp and from the nephew (and niece) Buyex Alewyn, former guardians of the parental heritage in Deurne, but to his great surprise discovers copies which had been put on the market. Beatrix de Cusance, duchess of Lorraine, was so charmed by Huygens' enthusiasm for the ancestral portraits that she decided to buy them and present them to Constantijn. According to Buycx's letter of January 1653 the original portraits were sent to Vienna after the painter De Vos of Antwerp had made two sets of copies. Buycx, who owned one of these copies, consented to retrieve the original portraits from Vienna. This appeared to solve the problem of ancestral portraits, but no matter how grateful Huygens was to the Duchess of Lorraine, he was apparently not satisfied with mere copies. In a letter written fifteen years later (December 1667) it appears that Jacob Buycx had obtained further information about the location of the portraits, but had been unable to track them down after the sister of his wife, Helena Alewyn of Vienna, had received them. Buycx presumed an heir in Vienna, perhaps a Salicouffer, had them in his possession. From the Huygens collection of letters it appeared that there was another letter with information of the portrait panels. This letter, written in Dutch from Vienna (dated December 1, 1667) from an unknown writer to an unknown recipient indicates that a member of the Zollickhoffer family who had come down in the world may have sold the portraits. The letter also mentions the merchant Golddast of Vienna, who had been approached by someone in Holland to trace the "gentleman from Zuylichem" for a considerable amount of money. Unfortunately for Constantijn, however, the original portraits failed to return. One set of copies of the ancestors on both sides of the family remained until well into the eighteenth century - until 1786 - in the Huygens collection of family portraits, but to this day the whereabouts of neither of Margaretha Boghe's two copies have been traced.

Reassessing ROBERT DRURY'S JOURNAL as A Historical Source for Southern Madagascar

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 233-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Parker Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Local People ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Relation ◽  
Insight Into

In 1729 a book entitled Madagascar: or Robert Drury's Journal During Fifteen Years Captivity on that Island was published in London. It describes the shipwreck of an East Indiaman on the south coast of Madagascar, the enforced stay of the crew at the royal capital of the Antandroy people, the crew's escape and massacre, the survival of the midshipmen, including Drury, as royal slaves, and Drury's eventual escape to the English colony of St. Augustine. It purports to be his authentic account, digested into order by a transcriber or editor and published at the request of his friends. A certification of its authenticity is provided at the front of the first edition by Captain William Mackett, the ship's captain who brought Drury back to England, and the author states that if anyone doubts the veracity of his tale or wishes for a further account, he is “to be found every day at Old Tom's Coffee-house in Birchin Lane, London.”The tale bears many superficial resemblances to Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Knox's An Historical Relation of Ceylon and the anonymous editor is at pains to state in the preface that the book was undoubtedly likely to be “…taken for such another romance as ‘Robinson Crusoe’…” whereas it was “…nothing else but a plain, honest narrative of matter of fact.” If this is the case, then Drury's account provides a fascinating insight into the world of an emergent Malagasy kingdom at the beginning of the eighteenth century. This was a crucial moment in Madagascar's history, when the European world of long-distance trade, slaving, and piracy was exerting a strong impact on the local people, culminating in colonization by France two centuries later.

scholarly journals REAVALIAÇÃO DE FÓSSEIS DO GRUPO BAMBUÍ: IMPLICAÇÕES PALEOBIOLÓGICAS PARA O NEOPROTEROZOICO TARDIO DO BRASIL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn A. M. Sanchez ◽  
Thomas R. Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Multicellular Eukaryote ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

Fósseis do Neoproterozoico tardio têm recebido grande atenção na última década por representarem profundas mudanças na biota. Tais mudanças incluem a passagem de uma biosfera dominada por formas procariontes unicelulares para formas eucariontes multicelulares. No Brasil, tem-se testemunhado muitos avanços no conhecimento sobre os fósseis desta idade, o que coloca o país na vanguarda das pesquisas paleontológicas do Neoproterozoico. Dentre as unidades brasileiras que figuram entre as que possuem este importante registro está o Grupo Bambuí, aflorante na porção central do Brasil. Fósseis têm sido identificados neste grupo desde o século XIX através de notas sobre o que hoje é conhecido como microbialitos, porém, foi na metade do século passado que o conhecimento sobre o registro fossilífero aumentou consideravelmente e passou a incluir possíveis icnofósseis, microfósseis e algas macroscópicas. No entanto, o significado destes fósseis tornou-se obsoleto, sobretudo mediante aos avanços da Paleontologia do Pré-Cambriano, ocorrida nas últimas duas décadas. Baseado na importância do registro fóssil do Grupo Bambuí e frente à eminente necessidade de sua contextualização no atual cenário de fósseis do Neoproterozoico, realizou-se uma reavaliação de fósseis descritos entre as décadas de 70 e 80 do século passado. Dos quatro táxons revistos, Kinneyia lucianoi Sommer 1970, Bambuilithos hectoris Sommer 1981 e Bambuilithos teixeranus Sommer 1982 passam a serem considerados pseudofósseis, enquanto que Bambuites erichsenii Sommer 1971 permanece classificado como morfofóssil, porém é posto em sinonímia com Leiosphaeridia jacutica (Timofeev, 1966), emend. Mikhailova & Jankauskas, 1989. A reanálise desse material traz uma nova visão sobre a paleobiologia registrada no Grupo Bambuí e atualiza seu registro no panorama mundial de fósseis do Neoproterozoico tardio.Palavras-chave: Grupo Bambuí, microfóssil, pseudofósseis, paleobiologia. Abstract: RE-EVALUATION OF FOSSILS FROM BAMBUÍ GROUP: PALEOBIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC OF BRAZIL. Fossils of Late Neoproterozoic have received great attention in the last decade once they represent profound changes in biota. Such changes include the passage of a prokaryote-dominated biosphere to a multicellular, eukaryote-dominated biosphere. In Brazil, one has witnessed advances in knowledge concerning fossils of this age, placing the country at the forefront of paleontological research of the Neoproterozoic. Among the Brazilian units that comprise this important record is the Bambuí Group, outcropping in the central part of Brazil. Fossils have been identified in this unit since the eighteenth century via short notes about microbialites. However, it was in the middle of the 19th century that the knowledge of the fossil record has considerably increased, and then, included possible trace fossils, microfossils and macroscopic algae. Nonetheless, such record has become obsolete, mainly by the advances of Precambrian Paleontology, occurred in the last two decades. Based on the importance of the fossil record of the Bambuí Group and through the imminent need for its context in the current Neoproterozoic fossils scenario, a re-evaluation of fossils described from the 70s and 80s of last century was performed. Of the four groups reviewed, Kinneyia lucianoi Sommer 1970, Bambuilithos hectoris Sommer 1981 and Bambuilithos teixeranus Sommer 1982 are considered pseudofossils, and Bambuites erichsenii Sommer 1971 remained as a morphofossil, and was placed in synonymy with Leiosphaeridia jacutica (Timofeev, 1966), emend. Mikhailova & Jankauskas, 1989. The re-analysis of this material provides new insight into the paleobiology recorded in the Bambuí Group and updates its record in the world panorama of the Late Neoproterozoic fossils. Keywords: Bambuí Group, microfossil, pseudofossils, paleobiology  

The Library of Bryant Barrett, Laceman and Country Squire

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572
Author(s):  
Frans Korsten ◽  
Jos Blom ◽  
Frans Blom
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Insight Into

Bryant Barrett (c.1715–1790) was a Catholic tradesman who managed to become affluent enough to be able to collect a library of nearly 2,000 volumes. His library catalogues are still extant and the aim of the present article is to analyse these in order to get an insight into the intellectual world of an eighteenth-century RC self-made man. There are a number of catalogues of institutional RC libraries and the occasional catalogue of an RC clergyman, but as far as we know the Barrett catalogues are a unique register of the books possessed by an ‘ordinary’ RC layman. The traditional picture of eighteenth-century English Catholic life is that of a dwindling community with a rather provincial and conservative outlook on life. Heroic martyrdom was a feature of the past: ordinary life entailed guarding against modern enlightenment views and – towards the end of the century – internal discussions about the concessions necessary to achieve Catholic emancipation. Barrett's library modifies this picture in a number of ways: it reveals an eminently practical man who was also an intellectual, someone interested in the past, loyal to his faith, knowledgeable about the latest developments in industry and science, intrigued by perspectives opening up through exploration and travel, fascinated with new developments and ideas. Barrett was a both a devout Roman Catholic and a well-read man of the world.

The Enlightenment in Spain: Influences Upon New World Policy

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris H. W. Engstrand
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Equality ◽  
National Life ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Insight Into

The Enlightenment in Spain defies definition. In certain respects it was a viable force opening up new vistas of knowledge and understanding, while in others it was a mild breeze rustling some leaves of insight into the possibility of human equality. For certain of Spain's royal officials, the ideas of the eighteenth century philosophes were refreshing and undeniably sound; for others even the gathering of knowledge in the new encyclopedias was a dangerously democratic trend. In some areas of national life, reforms gained immediate acceptance, in others the old ways remained entrenched.Spain has always been a country of extremes, of absolute alternatives. Spaniards strive to achieve impossible goals or they remain incredibly inert. With the discovery of America their ambitious undertakings excelled those of England or France, but subsequent neglect brought about failures of equal magnitude. In the sixteenth century they thought to conquer the world; in the next their weakened Hapsburg monarchs squandered the wealth of the New World while the country fell into economic ruin.

scholarly journals The Rise and Fall of Bishop Georg Wolfgang Chiolich, 1699–1764

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Szemethy
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Atypical Member ◽  
Insight Into

In my prosopographic examination of new aristocrats in the eighteenth century, I came across Georg Wolfgang Chiolich, an atypical member of this group, as he was the only one to receive the title of baron for himself alone, as a bishop, during the century. What was the point of conferring a noble title on a bishop? Searching for a reply to this question, we can gain some insight into the social, economic, and especially political processes of the Habsburg Empire in the mid-eighteenth century. Descended from a wealthy patrician family of Senj (Zengg), while Chiolich proved to be a talented organizer and took significant steps towards rebuilding his still-ruined bishopric in the mid-eighteenth century, he may not have been a saint. The rumors about the bishop of Senj (Zengg) finally escalated into a scandal in Vienna and in the Holy See in 1759, when a local noble family accused him of making a daughter of the head of the family pregnant. The legal proceedings, including the investigative material, were partly preserved in the Vatican Archives, and most of them were published by Tihamér Vanyó. Georg Wolfgang Chiolich eventually traveled to Rome, where the investigation declared him innocent despite all the efforts of the affronted family. If we look more closely at the main stages of his career and the course of this investigation, I believe that we can get closer to the political, social and economic conditions of a peripheral region of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

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