scholarly journals A latinizálás és hiánya a pécsváradi apátság alapítólevelében

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Melinda Szőke
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Main Road ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
Insight Into

The founding charter of Pécsvárad Abbey (+1015/+1158 [about 1220]/1323/1403/PR.) is a document that has only survived in a 15th-century copy of a 13th-century forgery. Thus, an analysis of toponym history and linguistic history must deal with several chronological planes when studying the document. The first section of this study examines Hungarian words (Duna ‘Danube’; the names of trees: e.g. tulfa ‘oak’, scylfa ‘elm’; geographic common nouns: e.g. aruc ‘ditch’, nogwt ‘main road’) that are used only in Latin in other documents or are characterised by mixed usages of Latin and Hungarian terms. These indicate a lack of Latinisation. The second section details the characteristics of five Latin name forms used in the document (Scena abbatis, Sirmia, Strigoniensis, Colocensis, Montis Ferrei), emphasising their chronological order. The small number of Latin names among all designations in the charter and the use of vulgar elements instead of Latin is presented as an imprint of 11th-century charter writing (from the time of Saint Stephen). Thus, the charter can provide significant insight into the beginnings of charter writing in Hungary.

scholarly journals Verses of Faith and Devotion. Seeing, Reading, and Touching Monumental Crucifixes with Inscriptions (12th–13th century)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 397-421
Author(s):  
Matko Matija Marušić
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

The paper discusses a group of monumental crucifixes from the 13th-century East Adriatic and Italy, pained or executed in low relief, that display a verse inscriptions on the transverse limb of the cross. The main scope of the paper is to examine the provenance of the text inscribed in order to yield clearer insight into their function, use and original location in the church interiors. The paper specifically aims at analyzing three monumental crucifixes from the East-Adriatic city of Zadar which, although have already been the subject of a respectable number of studies, have not attracted attention as objects of devotion. My interest, therefore, is turned towards verse inscription as their distinctive feature and, as I shall argue, a key aspect in understanding their function. Examining the nature of the text displayed, iconography and materiality of these crucifixes, my main argument is to demonstrate how these objects provoked a multi-faced response from their audience, since were experienced by seeing, hearing and touching respectively.

Steps toward a Study of Symeon the Stylite the Younger and His Saint’s Cult*

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-407
Author(s):  
Dina Boero ◽  
Charles Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Insight Into

A large dossier of primary sources survives for Symeon the Stylite the Younger from Late Antiquity. These sources include not only hagiographical evidence, but also archaeological remains from his cult site, homilies, and at least one letter. They offer insight into the varied voices which shaped Symeon’s identity, sanctity, and ministry in the sixth and early seventh centuries CE. The state of scholarship on these sources is uneven, however, with the result that scholars have primarily studied the saint and his cult through the lens of the hagiographic material, the Life of Symeon Stylites the Younger in particular. In order to lay the foundation for a full inquiry into the saint and his cult, this article disentangles the dossier of evidence on Symeon in Late Antiquity. It introduces each source in chronological order; provides an overview of authorship, date, and the state of scholarship for each source; and makes preliminary recommendations for paths forward. It is meant to be a guide for art historians and archaeologists unfamiliar with the sizeable literary corpus, textual scholars who do not often work with material sources, and, for both groups, an introduction to problems in the dossier. It encourages scholars to treat each source on its own terms and re-evaluate the rich interconnections between the textual and archaeological evidence.

Joost Halbertsma and the Lexicon Frisicum1

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Anne Dykstra
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Civil State ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Joost Halbertsma’s Lexicon Frisicum, published by his son Tjalling in 1872, was the first dictionary to contain modern Frisian, spoken in the Dutch Province of Friesland. As such, it is considered the basis of modern Frisian lexicography. In his dictionary, Halbertsma focuses much attention on the cultural and linguistic history of the Frisians. At the same time, he was very concerned with the Netherlands as a free civil state, and he used ancient Frisian customs and habits to comment on the national and political situation of his time. Dykstra addresses criticism levelled at Halbertsma’s dictionary, such as that it lacked internal consistency and coherence, tends to digress, and uses Latin as meta-language, making it largely inaccessible to Halberstma’s contemporaries. Even with its shortcomings, Dykstra evaluates the ways in which Halbertsma’s Lexicon Frisicum provides insight into various aspects of nineteenth-century linguistics, lexicography, culture, and cultural nationalism.

Medieval Latin Arts of Poetry and Prose

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Arithmetic Geometry ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Elementary Composition ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Poetics ◽  
The University ◽  
Level Of Instruction

Modern scholarship on the medieval Latin arts of poetry and prose has focused on a number of treatises written in the 12th and 13th centuries: Matthew of Vendôme’s Ars versificatoria; Geoffrey of Vinsauf’s Poetria nova, Documentum, and Summa de coloribus; Gervase of Melkley’s Ars versificaria or poetica; John of Garland’s Parisiana Poetria; and Eberhard the German’s Laborintus. Other documents have received attention as well, notably commentaries and glosses. The art of composition in both verse and prose also evolved as new conceptions of the art emerged. In the 13th century, Latin translations and commentaries on Aristotle’s Poetics led to revisions of the Horatian art in the 14th century; treatises that reflect this development begin with the anonymous Long Documentum, renamed Tria sunt, and Mathias of Linköping’s Poetria, based on instruction Mathias received while studying at the University of Paris. The traditional conception of the art of poetry was derived from rhetorical treatises attributed to Cicero, notably the De inventione and the Rhetorica ad Herennium. The medieval treatises adapted a traditional order of parts in rhetoric: topical invention, disposition based on natural chronological order or artificial rearrangement of the chronological order, amplification and abbreviation using figures and tropes common in ornamentation, and eventually Aristotelian notions of imagination as a poetic faculty. Inclusion of these parts indicates the scope and level of instruction in the treatises. Accordingly, the study and practice of poetic composition in classrooms progressed from elementary composition and study to imitation of exemplary masterpieces. Such instruction fit well into the stages in medieval pedagogy from grammar, rhetoric, and logic on to arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music, and beyond to philosophy and theology. The scope of the art on these virtually graded levels of instruction led to study, interpretation, imitation, and, ultimately, emulation of perceived ancient and medieval masterpieces like Virgil’s Aeneid, Horace’s lyrics, Bernardus Silvestris’s Cosmographia, and Alan of Lille’s Anticlaudianus and De planctu Naturae, among others. Introductions to specific works (accessus ad auctores) include model works that exemplify the art’s evolution from Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages. Classbooks and other anthologies collected poems and passages for study and imitation on the student level. Finally, the Latin art found its way into some treatises written for vernacular languages. These diverse documents—commentaries, model works, accessus, classbooks and anthologies, authorial statements inserted into their own writings, vernacular treatises, and other documents—enhance our understanding of medieval poetics.

scholarly journals A match made in heaven: Using parallel corpora and multinomial logistic regression to analyze the expression of possession in Old Spanish

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Rosemeyer ◽  
Andrés Enrique-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
The Bible ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Usage Context

AbstractThis study applies multinomial regression analysis to a parallel corpus of Spanish medieval translations of the Bible in order to study the different factors that condition variation in the expression of possession in Old Spanish. Our methodology allows us to determine the degree to which less frequent possessive constructions (ART + POSS, as in la su casa ‘the his house’; GEN, as in la casa de él ‘the house of him’; and ART/BARE, as in la casa ‘the house’) can be considered competitors to the dominant POSS construction (as in su casa ‘his house’) as a function of usage context differences. In comparison to the POSS construction, the ART + POSS construction usually expresses pragmatic functions such as reverence, the GEN construction is typically used to disambiguate a reference, and the ART/BARE construction is bound to contexts in which the possessor is highly accessible. Crucially, the analysis also sheds light on historical changes in the balance between structural and contextual constraints on the use of these different variants. Whereas in the 13th century, structural and stylistic constraints are almost equally important, the importance of structural constraints diminishes in the 15th century. The study thus illustrates how in reductive processes of language change, variation due to structural constraints yields to stylistic variation.

scholarly journals From the Corpus Iuris to ‘psalterioli da puti’, on Parchment, Bound, Gilt... The Price of Any Book Sold in Venice 1484-1488

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Dondi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

The ledger of the Venetian bookseller Francesco De Madiis, known as the Zornale (1484-88), which is currently being studied by Cristina Dondi and Neil Harris, offers a unique insight into the market value of the earliest printed books, of any sort. The essay offers the analysis of a variety of subjects, prices, sales, customers, and comparison with the cost of living in Renaissance Venice, the largest place of production and distribution in 15th-century Europe. The focus is first and foremost on the cheapest and most popular items, a production and trade enabled by the new technology.

scholarly journals A Pécsváradi oklevél helyneveinek szövegkörnyezete

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Melinda Szőke
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Common Noun ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Way

The Textual Context of Toponyms in the Charter of Pécsvárad The Charter of Pécsvárad (+1015/+1158 [1220 k.]/1323/1403/PR.) is a charter of an uncertain chronological status that has survived after multiple copies from the 15th century and prior to the creation of the 13th-century forged charter, a char-ter was probably issued for the Abbey of Pécsvárad also in the age of King St. Ste-phen. The founding charter includes approximately 140 indications of places and my paper examines the textual context of these. When analyzing names with a desig-nating word and a Latin geographical common noun and toponyms without it, we have identified solutions in the charters that differ from processes deemed regular later on. This includes, for example, the presence of incomplete structures with a designating word without a main component or the lack of name occurrences of the Latin geographical common noun + Hungarian toponym type. Based on the exploration of the context of toponyms in the charter, it seems cer-tain that the more extensive issuing of charters also influenced the way how proper names were recorded in the text. With time, the large number of insertions without a structure seen in the Charter of Pécsvárad are replaced by the increasing use of designating words or Latin geographical common nouns, thus the “poor” textual context of the Founding Charter of Pécsvárad indicates recording in the 11th centu-ry. Keywords: 11th-century charters, charters with an uncertain chronological sta-tus, Latin context, toponyms, norms of charter writing

scholarly journals Tumasik: Sejarah Awal Islam di Singapura (1200-1511 M)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
India And China

This article attempts to trace the early history of Islam in Temasek, a former name of Singapore. The city was also known as the ‘Sea Town’, and was a part of the Nusantara. In the 12th-14th century, Tumasik and Kedah were important ports in the Malay Peninsula. Tumasik, at that time, was important enough to figure in international trade networks. The very strategic location of Tumasik, at the very tip of the Malay Peninsula, made it a significant prize for the master. Kingdoms that once ruled it: the Sriwijaya kingdom until the end of the 13th century AD and Majapahit kingdom that ruled it until the 14th century. In the 15th century AD, Tumasik came under the rule of Ayutthaya-Thailand; and subsequent occupation controlled by the Sultanate of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511 AD. Speaking on the comming of Islam in Tumasik that was along with the influx of Muslim merchants, both Arabic and Persian, between the 8th – 11th century which the trading activity increased in the Archipelago. Coastal cities and ports, one of which Tumasik, on the Malay Peninsula became the settlements of Muslim tradespeople. Most of them settled and married there. Thus, it is strongly suspected that Islam has been present in Tumasik since perhaps the 8th century AD. Up until the beginning of the 16th century, the old Singapore remains a Muslim settlement, along with other vendors, both from Europe, India, and China, and also became an important port under the Sultanate of Malacca. That Malaccan empire was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. Keywords: early history of Islam, Tumasik, Singapore, Sultanate of Malacca Artikel ini mencoba menelusuri sejarah awal Islam di Tumasik, kada disebut juga Temasek, nama dulu bagi Singapura. Kota ini juga disebut sebagai Kota Laut (Sea Town), dan merupakan bagian dari Nusantara masa lalu. Pada abad ke-12 s.d. 14 M, Tumasik bersama Kedah merupakan pelabuhan-pelabuhan penting di Semenanjung Malaya. Pada masa itu, Tumasik merupakan kota perdagangan yang cukup besar dan penting dalam jaringan perdagangan internasional. Posisinya yang sangat strategis di ujung Semenanjung Malaya, menjadikan Tumasik menggiurkan untuk dikuasai. Kerajaan-kerajaan yang pernah menguasai Tumasik yaitu Sriwijaya sampai akhir abad ke-13 M dan Majapahit sampai abad ke-14 M. Pada abad ke-15 M, Tumasik berada di bawah kekuasaan Ayutthaya-Thailand; dan selanjutnya dikuasai Kesultanan Malaka sampai pendu¬dukan Portugis 1511 M. Adapun proses masuknya Islam di Tumasik terjadi bersamaan dengan masuknya para pedagang Muslim, baik dari Arab maupun Persia pada abad ke-8 s.d. 11 M yang mengalami peningkatan aktivitas perdagangan. Kota-kota pesisir dan pelabuhan-pelabuhan, salah satunya Tumasik, di Semenanjung Malaya menjadi pemukiman-pemukiman bagi para pedagang Muslim tersebut. Sebagian dari mereka menetap dan berkeluarga di sana. Dengan demikian, diduga kuat bahwa Islam telah hadir di Tumasik antara abad ke-8 M - ke 11 M. Hingga permulaan abad ke-16 M, Singapura lama tetap menjadi pemukiman Muslim, bersama para pedagang lain, baik dari Eropa, India, maupun Cina, dan sekaligus menjadi pelabuhan penting di bawah kekuasaan Kesultanan Malaka, sampai dengan kesultanan ini ditaklukan oleh Portugis pada 1511 M. Kata kunci: sejarah awal Islam, Tumasik, Singapura, Kesultanan Malaka

scholarly journals Listy Antoniego Prochaski do Aleksandra Semkowicza (1876–1887) w zbiorach prywatnych Teofila Emila Modelskiego

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 527-593
Author(s):  
Paweł Sierżęga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Science ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archival Work ◽  
Scientific Environment ◽  
Insight Into

The article presents Antoni Prochaski’s private correspondence to Aleksander Semkowicz from Teofil Emil Modelski’s private collection, stored in the Archive of the Jagiellonian University. The letters document A. Prochaski’s search queries in archives and libraries in Konigsberg, Petersburg and Moscow (1876–1882). The correspondence allow insight into the scientific environment of the luminaries of the German, Polish and Russian historical science, describe the conditions of everyday archival work and introduce the topics of Prochaski’s works focused on the history of Poland in the 14th and 15th century.

scholarly journals Material evidence? Re-approaching elite women’s seals and charters in late medieval Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 301-326
Author(s):  
Rachel Meredith Davis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Different Types ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Insight Into

Medieval Scottish women’s seals remain largely unexplored compared to the scholarship on seals and sealing practice elsewhere in medieval Britain. This article has two chief aims. First, it seeks to demonstrate the insufficiencies of the 19th- and 20th-century Scottish seal catalogues as a mediated record of material evidence and the use of them as comprehensive and go-to reference texts within current research on late medieval Scotland. This includes a discussion of the ways in which medieval seals survive as original impressions, casts and illustrations and how these different types of evidence can be used in the construction and reconstruction of the seal’s and charter’s context. Second, this paper will explore the materiality and interconnectedness of seals and the charters to which they are attached. A reading of these two objects together emphasises the legal function of the seal and shows its distinctive purpose as a representational object. While the seal was used in con-texts beyond the basic writ charter, it remained a legally functional and (auto)biographical object, and, as such, the relationship between seal and charter informs meaning in representational identities expressed in both. The article will apply this approach to several examples of seals belonging to 14th- and 15th-century Scottish countesses. Evidence reviewed this way provides new insight into Scottish women’s sealing practice and female use of heraldic device. The deficiencies of assuming women’s design to be formulaic or that their seals can be usefully interpreted in isolation from the charters to which they were attached will be highlighted. The interconnectedness of word and image conveyed personal links and elite ambitions, and promoted noble lineage within the legal context of charter production.

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