scholarly journals Age-associated determinants decompensation of the bladder in the conditions of prostate hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
I.S. Shormanov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Kulikov ◽  
A.S. Soloviev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Factors ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Infravesical Obstruction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Compensatory Reserve ◽  
Chronic Urinary Retention ◽  
Detrusor Function

Introduction. In conditions of long-term infravesical obstruction caused by prostate hyperplasia (РН), 15-30% of patients eventually experience decompensation of detrusor function. At the same time, the details of the adaptive transformation of the vascular bed of the bladder, as well as its correlation with the structural remodeling of this organ, which determine the decompensation of the lower urinary tract in conditions of chronic urinary retention, are still unclear. Aim. To study the role of vascular and age-related factors in the depletion of the compensatory reserve of detrusor in long-term РН in elderly and senile people. Material and methods. Autopsy material from 25 men who did not have urological pathology, from 25 men who had РН without signs of decompensation of the bladder and biopsy material from 25 patients operated on for РН in the decompensation stage were examined. The age of all persons ranged from 60 to 80 years. Control – 10 men aged 20-30 years, who died as a result of injuries. Histological sections of the areas of the bladder were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, according to Mason and Hart. Results. In conditions of long-term РН, the functioning of a locally hypertrophic detrusor occurs against the background of age-related atrophic-sclerotic changes in it, the cause of which is: atherosclerosis of large arteries, as well as hyalinosis of small arteries and arterioles, characteristic of arterial hypertension. The «working capacity» of the bladder under these conditions is provided by the activity of regulatory muscle formations in the arterial and venous basins, with the help of which the necessary level of oxygenation is achieved. However, progressive age-related changes in the cardiovascular system over time lead to an increase in chronic ischemia. Sclerotic changes develop in the regulatory structures of the arteries and veins. As a result, there is a gross diffuse sclerosis of the detrusor with atrophy of the muscle fibers. Conclusions. Decompensation of detrusor in РН is a consequence of earlier vascular decompensation, the morphological markers of which are: arteriosclerosis, phlebosclerosis and sclerosis of regulatory structures.

scholarly journals Remodeling of the bladder and its vascular bad in the elderly and old age patients under infravesical obstruction caused by prostate hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
I.S. Shormanov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Kulikov ◽  
A.S. Solovyov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Functional Load ◽  
Infravesical Obstruction ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Introduction. It is known that prolonged bladder obstruction caused by prostatic hypertrophy leads to serious structural changes in the bladder wall. However the detailed morphogenesis of this process, the features of the compensatory-adaptive reactions of the its vascular bed and the role of existing background diseases in this process, as well as age-related changes are still unclear. Aim of our study was to discover the features of the structural rearrangement of the bladder and its vasculature in elderly and senile people with BPH. Materials and methods. Autopsy material from 25 men 60-80 years old who had no urological pathology and from 25 men of the same age who had BPH without signs of urinary bladder decompensation was studied. There were 10 men aged 20-30 who died as a result of injuries in control group. Results. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed a pronounced structural reorganization of the bladder wall and its vasculature in patients with BPH. This process is superimposed on the already existing involutive changes in the detrusor such as its atrophy, sclerosis of the intermuscular stroma and neurodegenerative changes. The compensatory hypertrophy of detrusor and changes in its vasculature to regulate the local hemodynamics develop in men with ifravesical obstruction. Such changes in the arterial bed include bundles of intimate muscles, muscular-elastic sphincters and polypoid pillows formations. They provide a normal blood supply of the intact parts of the detrusor at the cost of deterioration the blood supply of its areas with atrophic and sclerotic changes. Regulatory changes such as muscle "couplings", muscle rollers and valves were also revealed in the veins. The contraction of this musculature imparts an impulse to the movement of venous blood to the heart and relaxation promotes its deposition. The valves are able to prevent the development of blood regurgitation. Conclusions. Рrostatic hyperplasia and infravesical obstruction cause the functional load on the detrusor increases, which leads to its local hypertrophy. This process occurs against the background of age-related changes. There is also a structural reorganization of the vascular bed of the bladder, the role of which is to redistribute blood flow in favor of detrusor sites that are subjected to greater functional load.

scholarly journals Chondroitin 6-sulphate is required for neuroplasticity and memory in ageing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeong Yang ◽  
Sylvain Gigout ◽  
Angelo Molinaro ◽  
Yuko Naito-Matsui ◽  
Sam Hilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Early Memory

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-containing structures on the neuronal surface that have been implicated in the control of neuroplasticity and memory. Age-related reduction of chondroitin 6-sulphates (C6S) leads to PNNs becoming more inhibitory. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) composition of the PNNs could restore neuroplasticity and alleviate memory deficits in aged mice. We first confirmed that aged mice (20-months) showed memory and plasticity deficits. They were able to retain or regain their cognitive ability when CSs were digested or PNNs were attenuated. We then explored the role of C6S in memory and neuroplasticity. Transgenic deletion of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (chst3) led to a reduction of permissive C6S, simulating aged brains. These animals showed very early memory loss at 11 weeks old. Importantly, restoring C6S levels in aged animals rescued the memory deficits and restored cortical long-term potentiation, suggesting a strategy to improve age-related memory impairment.

AGE-RELATED DECLINE IN VACCINATION EFFICACY: THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS

2020 ◽  
pp. 785-795
Author(s):  
Ю. В. Перфильева ◽  
Б. В. Каральник ◽  
Е. О. Остапчук ◽  
А. Кали ◽  
Р. Т. Тлеулиева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Older People ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity

Инфекционные заболевания у пожилых людей значительно более часты и смертность от них выше, чем у молодых людей. Вакцинация является наиболее эффективной и наименее затратной профилактической мерой при ряде инфекционных заболеваний. Однако вакцины, которые эффективны у молодых людей, часто неэффективны у пожилых людей старше 65 лет, причиной чего является постепенное снижение функциональных возможностей иммунной системы, происходящее с возрастом и называемое иммуностарением. Связанные с возрастом изменения в клеточном и гуморальном иммунитете ухудшают первичный ответ на вакцины и ослабляют развитие долговременной иммунной памяти. Исследования последних лет дают основание предполагать, что одной из возможных причин возникновения и поддержания иммуностарения в организме могут быть миелоидные супрессорные клетки ( Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, MDSC ). Многочисленными исследованиями установлено, что MDSC способны ингибировать функции клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета посредством ряда механизмов. В настоящем обзоре приводятся сведения, подчеркивающие роль MDSC в ингибировании иммунного ответа на вакцины при старении, а также обосновываются возможные пути преодоления данного иммунного препятствия. Infectious diseases in older people are much more frequent, and mortality from them is higher than in young people. Vaccination is the most effective and least expensive preventative measure for a number of infectious diseases. However, vaccines that are effective in young people are often ineffective in older people over 65, which is a result of a gradual decrease in the functional capacity of the immune systems, which occurs with age, and is called «immunosenescence». Age-related changes in the cellular and humoral immunity worsen the primary response to vaccines and weaken the development of long-term immunological memory. Recent studies suggest that one of the possible causes of the occurrence and maintenance of «immunosenescence» may be myeloid-derived suppressor cells ( MDSCs ). These cells have been shown to inhibit the functions of innate and adaptive immunity cells through a number of mechanisms. In this review, we provide information that emphasizes the role of MDSCs in inhibiting the immune response to vaccines during aging, and also substantiates possible ways to overcome this immunological obstacle.

scholarly journals Dietary fatty acids and lipoproteins on progression of age-related macular degeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Montserrat-de la Paz ◽  
M. C. Naranjo ◽  
B. Bermúdez ◽  
S. López ◽  
R. Abia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Chain

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a medical condition of central loss vision and blindness. Numerous studies have revealed that changes on certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) could have useful for AMD management. This review summarizes the effects of dietary omega-3 long-chain PUFAs, MUFAs, and SFAs, and lipoproteins on AMD. Findings are consistent with the beneficial role of dietary omega-3 long-chain PUFAs, while the effects of dietary MUFAs and SFAs appeared to be ambiguous with respect to the possible protection from MUFAs and to the possible adverse impact from SFAs on AMD. Some of the pathological mechanisms associated with lipoproteins on AMD share those observed previously in cardiovascular diseases. It was also noticed that the effects of FAs in the diet and lipoprotein on AMD could be modulated by genetic variants. From a population health perspective, the findings of this review are in favour of omega-3 long-chain FAs recommendations in a preventive and therapeutic regimen to attain lower AMD occurrence and progression rates. Additional long-term and short-term nutrigenomic studies are required to clearly establish the role and the relevance of interaction of dietary FAs, lipoproteins, and genes in the genesis and progression of AMD.

Old Rats Are More Susceptible to Induction of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) at Comparative to Young Mature

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Bespalov ◽  
Valerij A. Alexandrov ◽  
Alexander L. Semenov ◽  
Grigory V. Tochilnikov ◽  
Elena D. Ermakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Intact Rats

Aims: The aim of the experiments was to find out the factors on which age-related sensitivity to the occurrence of BPH depends. Methods: 45 male Wistar rats aged 3 and 24 months were used. In each age group there were intact rats and animals with induced BPH (by surgical castration + testosterone injections, 25 mg/kg x 7). On the 36th day of the experiment, blood was taken from rats to determine serum testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose; then the animals were autopsied, their prostates were weighed, and their morphology was studied. Results: Young mature intact rats had much higher testosterone levels (6.2±0.93 nmol/l) than old intact (3.8±0.55 nmol/l), while the ratio of prostate weight was inverse. The weight of the prostate and prostatic index in old rats with induced BPH was significantly higher not only in comparison with the old intact rats but also with young animals after BPH induction. Morphologically, the inflammatory foci were determined not only in the prostates of old rats, which induced BPH, but also in intact animals. Besides in old intact rats, the foci of prostate hyperplasia were often noted. Conclusions: Our experimental model indicates the important role of non-bacterial prostatitis in the pathogenesis of BPH. No metabolic disorders in BPH induction were revealed. The sensitivity of the prostate of old rats to BPH development is increasing despite the low concentrations of testosterone in the body. Age sensitivity to BPH is probably determined by a higher expression of androgen receptors in old animals.

Long-Term Dietary Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Rich in Polyphenols Reverses Age-Related Dysfunctions in Motor Coordination and Contextual Memory in Mice: Role of Oxidative Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pitozzi ◽  
Michela Jacomelli ◽  
Dolores Catelan ◽  
Maurizio Servili ◽  
Agnese Taticchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Contextual Memory ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota during early life – impact on health and disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Nylund ◽  
Reetta Satokari ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Willem M. de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

In the first years after birth, the intestinal microbiota develops rapidly both in diversity and complexity while being relatively stable in healthy adults. Different life-style-related factors as well as medical practices have an influence on the early-life intestinal colonisation. We address the impact of some of these factors on the consecutive microbiota development and later health. An overview is presented of the microbial colonisation steps and the role of the host in that process. Moreover, new early biomarkers are discussed with examples that include the association of microbiota and atopic diseases, the correlation of colic and early development and the impact of the use of antibiotics in early life. Our understanding of the development and function of the intestinal microbiota is constantly improving but the long-term influence of early-life microbiota on later life health deserves careful clinical studies.

The Biology, Medical Management, and Podiatric Implications of Menopause

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Friedlander ◽  
Lester J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Estrogen Deprivation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Foot Biomechanics

Approximately 36 million women in the United States are in the postmenopausal phase of life, creating unique challenges for the provision of compassionate, comprehensive podiatric medical treatment. Long-term estrogen deprivation arising from menopause in association with age-related factors disproportionately increases the risk of ischemic heart disease, osteoporosis, and concomitant podiatric complications. This article discusses the physiologic basis of menopause, hormone replacement therapy and its effects on osteoporosis, and other podiatric implications of menopause. Podiatric physicians caring for larger numbers of peri- and postmenopausal women must formulate a comprehensive management plan for treating fractures that arise from a combination of estrogen-deprivation osteoporosis and abnormal foot biomechanics. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(8): 437-443, 2002)

scholarly journals Endocrinology of the Aging Prostate: Current Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Rosita A. Condorelli ◽  
Federica Barbagallo ◽  
Sandro La Vignera ◽  
Aldo E. Calogero
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases in older men, adversely affects quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Numerous data support the presence of an association between BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether hormonal changes occurring in MetS play a role in the pathogenesis of BPH-LUTS is a debated issue. Therefore, this article aimed to systematically review the impact of hormonal changes that occur during aging on the prostate, including the role of sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones, and insulin. The possible explanatory mechanisms of the association between BPH-LUTS and MetS are also discussed. In particular, the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-equivalent may represent a possible hypothesis to support this link. Male PCOS-equivalent has been defined as an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, which predisposes to the development of type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis in old age. Its early identification would help prevent the onset of these long-term complications.

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