scholarly journals Effect of Agitation, Temperature, and Quenching Medium on Cooling Curve and cooling rate for Steels

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Hala S. Hasan ◽  
Reham H. Khaleefah ◽  
Nasser A. Al haboubi ◽  
Raad D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Stainless Steel Sample ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Cooling Stage ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Transfer Properties

The control of quenching process has been investigated in this study by developing a quench system design to simulate the quenching process and measure the time – temperature history inside the sample during the cooling stage. The main purpose of this quench system is to evaluate the quench power of different quenchant at different conditions (type, temperature and agitation).A stainless steel sample was used with a suitable measurement as a probe in designing this quench system.The performance of two of quenchants (water and brine) with different conditions was investigated, and the designed probe was used to illustrate the effect of quenching parameters (quenchant type, temperature and its agitation) on cooling curves and cooling rate.The quenching system has proven its ability to work effectively and the results showed that heat transfer properties were significantly affected by quenchant parameters.

Numerical Simulation on the Temperature Field of Steel 1045 Quenched by Different Hardening Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 1222-1228
Author(s):  
Jian Bin Xie ◽  
Chang Chang Wu ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Miao Fu ◽  
Deng Feng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Theory ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Estimate Method

Based on the experimental measured cooling curves and the boiling heat transfer theory, the inverse problem of nonlinear heat conduct equation for Steel 1045 quenched by different hardening media was established by functional analysis and finite element method, and the surface heat-transfer coefficients in continuous cooling during quenching were calculated by nonlinear estimate method. Then the constitutive model of Steel 1045 during quenching was established subsequently. Finally, the temperature field of Steel 1045 cylinder quenched by different hardening media was simulated by Finite Element Methods (FEM). Results show that the calculated temperature fields agree with the practical quenching process.

Effect of Latent Heat Related to Solidification Kinetics on Heat Transfer during Solidification of Al Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
Seok Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
A356 Alloy ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Solidification Kinetics ◽  
Heat Transfer Simulation

The effect of the latent heat related to the rate of the solidification kinetics during solidification was investigated by using the heat transfer simulation. The latent heat was generated proportional to the amount of the fraction of transformed solid phase and directly affected the temperature compensation during solidification. The importance of the solidification kinetics was discussed by comparing cooling curves calculated using different solidification kinetics with experimentally measured cooling curve of A356 alloy.

Simulation Of Heat Transfer Properties And Residual Stress Analyses Of Cooling Curves Obtained From Quenching Studies

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Neves Penha ◽  
Lauralice C. Franceschini Canale ◽  
Gustavo Sanchez Sarmiento ◽  
George E. Totten
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Transfer Properties ◽  
Stress Analyses

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of submerged impingement jet on heat transfer in water-alcohol mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2057 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
P K Kanin ◽  
T A Gubanova ◽  
A R Zabirov ◽  
V V Yagov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Stainless Steel Sample ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Boiling Regime ◽  
Impingement Jet ◽  
Spherical Sample ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
Water Alcohol

Abstract This paper presents new results of experiments on spherical sample cooling with submerged impingement jet in subcooled water-alcohol mixtures. The influence of the ethanol concentration on the occurrence of intensive boiling regime is detected. Experiments are carried out on a stainless-steel sample in a water-ethanol mixture, in a wide range of concentrations and temperatures. The result includes an increase of the heat transfer intensity at exposure of the submerged impingement jet. The intensive boiling regime is detected with a higher ethanol content compared to experiments in a calm liquid.

scholarly journals Simulation and Experimental Investigation Quenching Behavior of Medium Carbon Steel in Water Based Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube Nanofluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Ali Hussein Eissa ◽  
Hala Salman Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Water Based

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of quenching medium carbon steel in water-based MWCNTs nanofluids at 0.05 % wt. concentration quenchant, a large cylindrical sample with 46 mm diameter and 40 mm length made from medium carbon steel used with three K-type thermocouples with a diameter of 1.5 mm inserted in three locations for sample (center of the sample, mid-point between center and surface and 1 mm from the surface). A time-temperature reading data system was used to read temperature history during cooling stage.The same experiments were simulated using ANSYS Workbench with Thermal Transient Version 19, the cooling curves at three locations for the cylindrical steel sample calculated during quenching in MWCNTs nanofluids. Quench factor analysis was used to predict the hardness results from the calculated and measured cooling curves, and these results compared with the hardness test results conducted in the significant sample from the center to the surface. The results show excellent compatibility when compared between the hardness results from cooling curves, and it also shows a good agreement with the results of the hardness test, especially at the sample surface.

scholarly journals On the Development of Parametrical Water Quenching Heat Transfer Model Using Quenchometer and Its Validation for All Boiling Regimes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jan ◽  
D. Scott MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Water Pool ◽  
Quenching Process

Abstract In the water quenching process of Aluminum 319, temperature drops rapidly from solutionizing temperatures, around 500°C, to water pool temperature. In this temperature range, the quenching process goes through three boiling regimes: film boiling, transition boiling, and nucleate boiling, before reducing to convection heat transfer. Each boiling regime has unique heat transfer characteristics governed by different physics. A common method to analyze the heat transfer rate in liquid quenching is the cooling curve analysis by quenchometer. Among several methodologies to characterize heat transfer rate, we have found successes in adapting a heat transfer framework based on Leidenfrost point (LFP), minimum heat flux (MHF), and critical heat flux (CHF) to develop a CFD model for quenching process simulation. The CFD model then can be used to calculate temperature histories as well as temperature profiles and the simulation results can be sent to FEA to predict thermal residual stress and distortion. Although the LFP, MHF, and CHF framework has been proven useful for the numerical simulation of water quenching process, these parameters are not constant and they have to be calibrated through experiments for each quenching condition. The objective of this paper is to parameterize the boiling model by quenching conditions such as water pool temperature. Then the predictive model is validated by experimental data obtained by quenchometers.

Evaluation of the uncertainty associated with sample holders in NAA measurements in LAN/IPEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Soares Zahn ◽  
Regina Beck Ticianelli ◽  
Mitiko Saiki ◽  
Frederico Antonio Genezini
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Stainless Steel Sample ◽  
Gamma Emission ◽  
Energy Gamma

In IPEN’s Neutron Activation Laboratory (LAN/IPEN), thin stainless steel sample holders are used for gamma spectrometry in NAA measurements. This material is very practical, but its chemical composition may be troublesome, as it presents large amounts of elements with intermediate atomic number, with attenuation factors for low-energy gamma-rays that must not be neglected. In this study, count rates obtained using different sample holders were compared. To accomplish that, an Am-241 source, with 59-keV gamma emission, was used so that low-energy gamma attenuation differences can be determined. Moreover, in order to study the energy dependence of these differences, a Ho-166m source was also used. From these results, it was possible to analyze the experimental error associated to the variations between sample holders, with the aim of introducing an addictive term to the uncertainty analysis of comparative Neutron Activation Analysis results.

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