scholarly journals COVID-19: pathogen characteristics, natural and adaptive immune response mechanisms, genetic diversity and distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-512
Author(s):  
L. P. Titov ◽  
M. V. Sprindzuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Pathogen Genome

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a member of the Coronaviridae family, a beta-2 coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic lasting about 19 months has caused serious damage to the health of people on our planet – by the 13 of July 2021, more than 187.9 000 000 patients have been diagnosed and more than 4.0 mln patients died from infection (> 2.0 %). Scientists around the world are actively investigating the critically important molecular-genetic aspects of the biology of the pathogen (genome RNA structure, proteins properties) that are important for understanding the disease mechanisms, as well as the mechanisms of individual and collective immunological protection and vaccines development with non-specific prophylactics.

Covid-19 Vaccines and their Interchangeability Could be Effective in Developing Countries Like India to Generate Stronger Adaptive Immune Response in Large Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Saif Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The People ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The World

Vaccine considered as a boon for every individual across the world in the time of pandemic situation. India has developed its own vaccine which shows promising results. Receiving vaccine does not mean that we are completely immune to the disease. Covishield shows some rare but adverse side effects of blood clots in those people having thrombocytopenia. Covaxin has not recorded any such cases as it is of inactivated type. But, the manufacturers of the vaccine have not established the longevity of protection against COVID-19. Unavailability of vaccines in India could pose a serious impact on the lives of the people. Government of India and Medical authorities should take clinical trials and make decision on interchangeability of vaccines as soon as possible.

Covid-19 Vaccines and their Interchangeability Could be Effective in Developing Countries Like India to Generate Stronger Adaptive Immune Response in Large Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Saif Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The People ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The World

Vaccine considered as a boon for every individual across the world in the time of pandemic situation. India has developed its own vaccine which shows promising results. Receiving vaccine does not mean that we are completely immune to the disease. Covishield shows some rare but adverse side effects of blood clots in those people having thrombocytopenia. Covaxin has not recorded any such cases as it is of inactivated type. But, the manufacturers of the vaccine have not established the longevity of protection against COVID-19. Unavailability of vaccines in India could pose a serious impact on the lives of the people. Government of India and Medical authorities should take clinical trials and make decision on interchangeability of vaccines as soon as possible.

Is Alzheimer disease a failure of mobilizing immune defense? Lessons from cognitively fit oldest-old

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Effector T Cells ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Multifaceted evidence supports the hypothesis that inflammatory-immune mechanisms contribute to Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology and genetic association of several immune specific genes (TREM2, CR1, and CD33) suggests that maladaptive immune responses may be pivotal drivers of AD pathogenesis. We reviewed microglia-related data from postmortem AD studies and examined supporting evidence from AD animal models to answer the following questions: i) What is the temporal sequence of immune activation in AD progression and what is its impact on cognition? ii) Are there discordant, "primed", microglia responses in AD vs successful cognitive aging? iii) Does central nervous system (CNS) repair in aging depend on recruitment of the elements of cellular adaptive immune response such as effector T cells, and can the recruitment of systemic immune cells ameliorate AD neuropathology? iv) How effective are the immune-system-based therapeutic approaches currently employed for the treatment of AD?

Double positive CD4+CD8+ T cells are part of the adaptive immune response against Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Misme-Aucouturier ◽  
Adel Touahri ◽  
Marjorie Albassier ◽  
Francine Jotereau ◽  
Patrice Le Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Hypothetical COVID-19 protection mechanism: hints from centenarians

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Rosa Guerini ◽  
Matteo Cesari ◽  
Beatrice Arosio
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractThe risk of serious complications and the fatality rate due to COVID-19 pandemic have proven particularly higher in older persons, putting a further strain in healthcare system as we dramatically observed.COVID-19 is not exclusively gerophile (géro “old” and philia “love”) as young people can be infected, even if older people experience more severe symptoms and mortality due to their greater frailty. Indeed, frailty could complicate the course of COVID-19, much more than the number of years lived. As demonstration, there are centenarians showing remarkable capacity to recover after coronavirus infection.We hypothesize that centenarian’s portfolio could help in identifying protective biological mechanisms underlying the coronavirus infection.The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is one of the major genetic regions associated with human longevity, due to its central role in the development of adaptive immune response and modulation of the individual’s response to life threatening diseases. The HLA locus seems to be crucial in influencing susceptibility and severity of COVID-19.In this hypothesis, we assume that the biological process in which HLA are involved may explain some aspects of coronavirus infection in centenarians, although we cannot rule out other biological mechanisms that these extraordinary persons are able to adopt to cope with the infection.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Human T cell Epitopes: adaptive immune response against COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Grifoni ◽  
John Sidney ◽  
Randi Vita ◽  
Bjoern Peters ◽  
Shane Crotty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Human T Cell
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