scholarly journals Partial Budgeting of the Application of Teat-dipping to Control Mastitis in Small Farms

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Dikky Indrawan ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Chaerul Basri ◽  
Abdul Zahid Ilyas ◽  
Nyayu Lathifah Tirdasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mastitis Control ◽  
Teat Dipping

Subclinical mastitis has a higher prevalence than clinical mastitis in many small farmers in Bogor city, and it could reach more than 80 percent. However, the application of teat-dipping could help small farms to control subclinical mastitis prevalence. The objective of this study was to measure the cost of teat-dipping application as subclinical mastitis control in small dairy farms. The partial budget was employed based on the experimental data collected in small dairy farms in Bogor. A number of cows were the basis of simulation for the mean of milk value and the application cost. The findings show an incentive for farmers to apply teat dipping in their farms. The incentive of teat dipping application could be improved to prevent sub-clinical mastitis infection and increase milk production.

scholarly journals Prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis and quality of milk on smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Mdegela ◽  
R. Ryoba ◽  
E.D. Karimuribo ◽  
E.J. Phiri ◽  
T. Loken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

A cross sectional study was conducted during October and November 2006 on 69 smallholder dairy farms with lactating cows in Mvomero and Njombe districts Tanzania, to determine the prevalence of mastitis and to assess the milk quality on the study farms. Clinical mastitis was investigated using clinical changes of udder and milk at animal level. Cow-side California Mastitis Test (CMT) and microbiological cultures were used to assess subclinical mastitis at quarter level. Milk quality was determined on bulk milk samples at herd level using alcohol and acidity tests, butter fat content, total solids, ash content as well as Delvotest® for antimicrobial residues. Overall prevalence of clinical mastitis at herd level in both districts was 21.7 % (n = 69). Based on CMT, prevalence of subclinical mastitis at animal level was 51.6 % (n = 91). Prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 35.2 % (n = 91) while for fungal it was 16.7 % (n = 90). Based on CMT results, prevalence of subclinical mastitis at quarter level was 30 % (n = 353), while for bacteria and fungi it was 16 % and 6 % respectively. Contamination of milk with antimicrobial residues was 4.5 % (n =67). The milk quality parameters for most of the milk samples were within acceptable levels. Findings in this study have demonstrated high prevalence of subclinical mastitis that may contribute to low productivity of dairy cattle in both districts. About 20 % of CMT subclinical cases had no involvement of microbial pathogens that suggested the need for minimal interventions with antimicrobial agents. These findings call for use of udder disinfectants and improved milking hygiene as intervention strategies to control mastitis on the smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis Pathogens in Small Dairy Farms in Republic of North Macedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Janevsкi ◽  
Iskra Cvetkovikj ◽  
Sanja Kiprijanovska ◽  
Aleksandar Dimovski ◽  
Katarina Davalieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Mastitis Control

AbstractSubclinical mastitis is an asymptomatic udder infection distributed worldwide with enormous losses in the dairy industry. The study’s objective was to determine the presence of this pathological condition in small dairy farms in the R. of N. Macedonia and to identify the most common associated bacteria. Milk samples were obtained from 96 dairy cows (378 udder quarters) in seven dairy farms, in 3 consecutive samplings 24–72 hours apart. The samples were cultured on routine bacteriological growth media and incubated for 24–48 hours. The isolates were identified by AximaiD Plus MALDITOF MS Platform. Subclinical mastitis was found in 49 animals (51%) and 104 infected quarters (27%). The most frequent isolated bacteria on cow level were Streptococcus uberis (19.4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.4%) and Staphylococcu ssimulans (7.4%). On quarter level, the most isolated pathogen was Streptococcus uberis (35.6%) followed by Staphylococcu shaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus (10.3% and 9.2% respectively). Subclinical mastitis was found to be highly present in the selected small dairy farms. The most prevalent bacteria identified in the dairy farms (Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase–negative staphylococci) indicate that poor management and udder health practices, inadequate milking procedures and lack of mastitis control strategies greatly contribute to occurrence and persistence of subclinical mastitis.

Presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection in ewes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki I. Katsafadou ◽  
Natalia G.C. Vasileiou ◽  
George T. Tsangaris ◽  
Katerina S. Ioannidi ◽  
Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Important Disease

: Aims: The importance of cathelicidin-1 as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection in ewes. Background: Mastitis is an important disease of sheep, affecting their health and welfare. Objective: The association of the presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples from ewes with mastitis with the severity of the infection. Methods: Ewes were intramammarily inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica or Staphylococcus chromogenes. Conventional (clinical, bacteriological and cytological examinations; milk yield measurements) and proteomics evaluation (2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS) to record cathelicidin-1 spot optical densities in milk samples were recorded. Results: Ewes challenged with M. haemolytica developed clinical and ewes challenged with S. chromogenes subclinical mastitis (P=0.05). The challenge organism was isolated from milk samples from inoculated mammary glands; increased somatic cell counts were also recorded. Cathelicidin-1 was detected in milk samples from the inoculated side of udders of all ewes. Mean spot density of cathelicidin-1 from samples from inoculated glands of ewes challenged with M. haemolytica was higher than from ewes challenged with S. chromogenes: 2896 ± 973 versus 1312 ± 361 (P =0.034). There were significant correlations between the presence of clinical mastitis / somatic cell counts with the spot density of cathelicidin-1 on 2-DE gels (P=0.043 and P=0.023, respectively). There was also a significant inverse correlation between the mean spot densities of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples and the milk yield of respective ewes on D10 (P =0.031). Conclusion: Potentially, cathelicidin-1 could be used as a marker to indicate the severity of damage to the mammary parenchyma.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors and bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmeto Abebe ◽  
Mesele Abera ◽  
Yifat Denbarga ◽  
Mishamo Suleyman ◽  
Amene Fekadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases in dairy farms worldwide. It is particularly important in Ethiopia where no routine prevention and control practices are in place. This cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2017 and June 2018 to estimate the prevalence of mastitis, identify the associated risk factors and isolate bacterial causes in dairy farms located in southern Ethiopia using standard microbiological methods and questionnaire survey. A total of 686 lactating cows which were found in 122 selected dairy farms were investigated by physical examination and California mastitis test. The overall cow-level prevalence of mastitis was 54.2% (95% CI: 50.5 – 57.9%). Based on the study site, the prevalence was 55.7% in Hawassa, 54.3% in Arsi Negele, 52.6% each in Wondo Genet and Wolayta Soddo towns with no significant (p > 0.05) difference among the sites. The majority of mastitis cases were subclinical (48.1%) while the clinical mastitis was only 6.1%. Of the 122 herds tested, 109 (89.3%; 95% CI: 82.1 – 93.9%) had at least a cow positive for mastitis. The study showed that high parity number (OR = 1.6; p = 0.015), flat (OR = 4.5; p <0.001) and round (OR = 2; p <0.001) teat end shape, history of mastitis in preceding lactation (OR = 3.3; p <0.001), and slightly (OR = 3.5; p < 0.001), moderately (OR = 4.9; p < 0.001), and very dirty (OR = 9.2; p < 0.001) udder and legs were the major risk factors which are significantly associated with higher prevalence of mastitis. Based on the available media and reagents, the major bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitic milk samples were Staphylococcus spp. (57.3%), Streptococcus spp. (18.6%), E. coli (17.3%) and Bacillus spp. (7.5%) in order of their abundance. The present study revealed a high prevalence of mastitis, particularly the subclinical one, and the associated risk factors. Enhancing the awareness of dairy farmers, regular screening of cows for subclinical mastitis, proper treatment of the clinical cases, improving the hygienic condition of the cows, and culling of chronically infected cows are critically important to prevent and control bovine mastitis. Keywords: Mastitis, Prevalence, Risk factors, Southern Ethiopia

Patterns of intramammary infection and clinical mastitis over a 5 year period in a closely monitored herd applying mastitis control measures

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Hillerton ◽  
A. John Bramley ◽  
R. Tim Staker ◽  
Charles H. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Mastitis Control

SummaryThe udder health of a research herd of between 160 and 220 Friesian cows run on a commercial basis has been monitored closely, including detailed bacteriological study, over 5 years. The five point mastitis control plan had been in use for several years prior to this study and was continued with minor alterations to the management of the plan, more detailed bacteriological monitoring and increased encouragement to apply it. It has proved possible to make a substantial improvement in the udder health of the herd. The percentage of infected cows fell from 21·9 to 12·0 and the percentage of infected quarters from 7·3 to 3·3. The main benefit has been a drastic reduction in the rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci. However the total incidence of clinical mastitis did not change substantially, averaging around 30 cases/100 cows per year. This was largely because environmental mastitis organisms were responsible for 65 % of all clinical cases. The results showed marked differences in the patterns of infection due to the environmental mastitis pathogens, Gram-negative bacteria and aesculin-hydrolysing streptococci, suggesting different mechanisms of invasion of the gland.

INCIDENCE OF SUBCLINICAL AND CLINICAL MASTITIS IN PURELINE AND CROSSLINE DAIRY CATTLE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mixed Model Methodology

Bi-monthly California Mastitis Tests (CMT) scores and the number of cases of clinical mastitis in 758 lactations of the Holstein-based H line, 376 lactations of the Ayrshire-based A line and 409 lactations of their reciprocal crossbreds housed under intensive management were studied to examine effects of sire line, dam line and sire line by dam line interaction using mixed model methodology. The incidence of subclinical mastitis as judged by CMT score, number of cases of clinical mastitis during the lactation, proportion of cows showing clinical mastitis at least once during the lactation and the cost of drugs for the treatment of clinical mastitis were lower in the crossline cows than pureline cows. The heterosis for these traits ranged from 2.5 to 7.8%. Sire line effect was significant for CMT score, cost of drugs for clinical mastitis and most of the traits measuring clinical mastitis. Dam line effect was small and nonsignificant for most of the traits studied. Significant sire line and dam line interaction was found for number of clinical cases in right front and proportion infected in right front and left hindquarters. Pathogenic organisms were isolated from 10.4, 34.2, 56.3, 77.7, and 84.8% of the composite milk samples, showing a CMT score of negative, trace, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated organism from the composite milk samples. Key words: Subclinical, clinical, mastitis, dairy cattle

scholarly journals Manpower Planning in The Application of Teat Dipping To Control Sub Clinical Mastitis in The Small Dairy Farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raden Isma Anggraini ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Herwin Pisestyani ◽  
Ardilasunu Wicaksono ◽  
Mirnawati Sudarwanto
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Manpower Planning ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Teat Dipping

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sub-clinical Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors at Cow Level in Dairy Farms in Southwestern Part of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abu Sayeed ◽  
Md. Ashikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Saiful Bari ◽  
Ariful Islam ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) among medium to large scale household dairy farms in southwestern district, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh during July to December 2019. A total of 78 (n=100) lactating cows from household dairy farms (N=32) having three or more dairy cows were selected randomly as sampled populations. Milk samples were screened for SCM by using Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). The prevalence of SCM varied among farm level [71.9% (95% CI: 53.3-86.3)], individual animal level [67.9% (95% CI: 56.4-86.3)] and quarter level [29.5% (95% CI: 24.5-34.9)]. Descriptive statistics represented the farmers and farm demography, characteristics of the sampled population, and overall management feature. Random Effect Logistic Regression identified, Body Condition Score (BCS) [OR=3.8 and 2.9, at cows level and quarter level respectively (BCS-2 vs. BCS-&ge;3)], and breed [OR=5.1 and 2.9, at cows level and quarter level respectively (HF&times; Sahiwal vs. HF &times; Local)] as potential risk factors. This study shows that SCM is highly prevalent in the study area, which is a major threat to the dairy industry's production performance. Regular screening by SFMT, proper hygiene, improve the management system, and farmer&rsquo;s awareness is required to control the disease.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts of Clinical and Sub Clinical Mastitis on Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Islam Aqib ◽  
Afshan Muneer ◽  
Muhammad Shafeeq ◽  
Nimra Kirn
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Invasive Infection

Studies have reported on the economic impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis on dairy farms. Bovine mastitis is a disorder that affects dairy farms and has a major economic impact. Most of the economic losses are the result of mastitis. Mastitis is an invasive infection that is among the most numerous and highly complicated infections in the dairy sector. Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases in terms of production losses among animal diseases. Mastitis reduces milk production, changes milk composition, and shortens the productive life of infected cows. Farmers must concentrate on avoiding mastitis infection whilst putting in place and following a mastitis control programed. Bovine mastitis, the most significant disease of dairy herds, has huge effects on farm economics. Mastitis losses are due to reduced milk production, the cost of treatments, and culling. Major factors related to low milk yield could be low genetic potential as well as poor nutritional and managerial approaches. Most of the losses are related to somatic cell count (SCC), which is characterised by an increase in the percentage of milk. Culling costs are the costs of rearing or buying a replacement animal, mostly heifers. Overhead impacts include the replacement animals' lower milk supply effectiveness. The expense of replacing animals prematurely due to mastitis is one of the most significant areas of economic loss.

Cost Structure and Production Efficiency of Small Scale Wheat Farms in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

The present investigation estimated the cost and return structure and technical efficiency in wheat production in Punjab. A sample of 280 farmers consisting of 121 marginal and 159 small farmers was selected, and the per hectare cost of cultivation and gross returns were recorded to be `65503.64 and 87590.86 on marginal farms and `62117.95 and 85036.13 on small farms. The study revealed the mean technical efficiency of 82.04 percent in Punjab state. Only 8.93 percent of the farmers operated with more than 90 percent technical efficiency. Operational area and education were the most influential determinants of technical efficiency.

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