scholarly journals ESTABLISHING OF AQUATIC PROTECTED AREAS (APAS) NETWORK IN PAPUA'S BIRD HEAD'S SEASCAPE (BHS): SPECIES MIGRATION AND GENETIC CONNECTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Roni Bawole ◽  
Rony Megawanto
Keyword(s):  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Species Migration ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
Biophysical Aspect ◽  
Conservation Network ◽  
Nesting Beaches

In general, the APAs network serves to protect, conserve and utilize marine resources in order to ensure sustainability is guaranteed on an ongoing basis. The APAs network is a network involving the management of two or more APAs (Kaimana, Fakfak, Bintuni, Raja Ampat, Sorong, Tambrauw and Teluk Wondama) synergistically linked to biophysical, species migration and genetic connectivity. From the biophysical aspect, BHS is characterized by migration and the specific habitat of endangered charismatic species and genetic connectivity. Migration in the BHS region can be seen from the migration of turtles, sharks, sharks, manta rays and cetaceans (whales and dolphins). The endangered species are unique in BHS and they utilize BHS area as a migration path and as an aggregation area. The world's largest leatherback turtle nesting beaches are also found in BHS, including other species of turtle nesting, such as green turtle, olive ridley turtle, and hawksbill turtle. Other charismatic species often found in the BHS region are manta rays, whale sharks, dugongs, and other endemic fish species. The BHS region is a cetacean hotspot that supports populations of species protected by the IUCN Red List. Of the 30 species of cetaceans recorded in Indonesia, 15 species are found in BHS. The whales can also migrate from Cenderawasih Bay to Raja Ampat Waters. Manta rays are often found in Raja Ampat, Yapen Island, and Cenderawasih Bay. Good collaboration is required in protecting species and understanding oceanographic phenomena that relate to the migration and genetic connectivity of the organism. Keywords Conservation network, bio-physical aspect, species migration, genetic connectivity, Bird's Head Seascape

scholarly journals Satellite tracking of juvenile whale sharks in the Sulu and Bohol Seas, Philippines

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Araujo ◽  
Christoph A. Rohner ◽  
Jessica Labaja ◽  
Segundo J. Conales ◽  
Sally J. Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Whale Shark ◽  
Sulu Sea ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The whale shark Rhincodon typus was uplisted to ‘Endangered’ in the 2016 IUCN Red List due to >50% population decline, largely caused by continued exploitation in the Indo-Pacific. Though the Philippines protected the whale shark in 1998, concerns remain due to continued take in regional waters. In light of this, understanding the movements of whale sharks in the Philippines, one of the most important hotspots for the species, is vital. We tagged 17 juvenile whale sharks with towed SPOT5 tags from three general areas in the Sulu and Bohol Seas: Panaon Island in Southern Leyte, northern Mindanao, and Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP). The sharks all remained in Philippine waters for the duration of tracking (6–126 days, mean 64). Individuals travelled 86–2,580 km (mean 887 km) at a mean horizontal speed of 15.5 ± 13.0 SD km day−1. Whale sharks tagged in Panaon Island and Mindanao remained close to shore but still spent significant time off the shelf (>200 m). Sharks tagged at TRNP spent most of their time offshore in the Sulu Sea. Three of twelve whale sharks tagged in the Bohol Sea moved through to the Sulu Sea, whilst two others moved east through the Surigao Strait to the eastern coast of Leyte. One individual tagged at TRNP moved to northern Palawan, and subsequently to the eastern coast of Mindanao in the Pacific Ocean. Based on inferred relationships with temperature histograms, whale sharks performed most deep dives (>200 m) during the night, in contrast to results from whale sharks elsewhere. While all sharks stayed in national waters, our results highlight the high mobility of juvenile whale sharks and demonstrate their connectivity across the Sulu and Bohol Seas, highlighting the importance of the area for this endangered species.

scholarly journals Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Hatching Success as a Function of Microbial Abundance and the Microenvironment ofIn SituNest Sand at Ostional, Costa Rica

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S. Bézy ◽  
Roldán A. Valverde ◽  
Craig J. Plante
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
High Density ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Nesting Beaches

Sea turtle hatching success at mass nesting beaches is typically lower than at solitary nesting beaches, presumably due in part to high rates of microbial metabolism resulting from the large input of organic matter from turtle eggs. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that hatching success varies across areas of the beach in conjunction with differences in the physical nest environment and microbial abundance of in situ olive ridley sea turtle nests at Ostional, Costa Rica. We marked natural nests in high-density, low-density, and tidal-wash nesting areas of the beach and monitored clutch pO2and temperature throughout the incubation period. We quantified hatching success and collected samples of nest sand during nest excavations. We quantified microbial abundance (bacteria and fungi) with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Hatching success was lower in nests with lower pO2, higher temperatures, higher organic matter content, and higher microbial abundance. Our results suggest that the lower oxygen within the nest environment is likely a result of the high microbial abundance and rates of decomposition in the nest sand and that these factors, along with increased temperature of clutches in the high-density nesting area, are collectively responsible for the low hatching success at Ostional.

scholarly journals Schistosomus Reflexus Syndrome in Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bárcenas-Ibarra ◽  
I. Rojas-Lleonart ◽  
R. I. Lozano-Guzmán ◽  
A. García-Gasca
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nesting Beaches

The olive ridley sea turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea), considered the most abundant sea turtle species, is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. The most important nesting areas are located in the Eastern Pacific, and congenital malformations have been previously reported in this species. The present study was conducted in a single population at El Verde beach, one of the most important nesting beaches for the species in the northwestern Mexican Pacific. The study was based on embryos that had been incubated in a controlled environment. Schistosomus reflexus syndrome (SRS) was observed in 124 of 20 257 olive ridley embryos (0.6%), comprising 124 of 400 (31%) cases of congenital malformations over a 7-month period. Affected embryos had malformations of the carapace, bridge, or plastron, resulting in exposure of the abdominal or thoracic viscera, as well as spinal malformation and abnormal positioning of limbs adjacent to the head with subsequent ankylosis. SRS phenotypes (although lethal) varied from mild to severe, although most cases were severe. SRS was mostly associated with congenital malformations in the neck (short neck, 80%), tail (anury, 38%), and flippers (different types of dysmelias, 53%). In most cases of severe SRS, ankyloses were present. Documenting these findings could be important to identify the cause of the developmental defects, and identification of the cause of the defects may be of significance to the population and to our efforts to manage this and other populations at risk.

scholarly journals Checklist of sea turtles endohelminth in Neotropical region

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Werneck ◽  
R. J. Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
The Caribbean

SummaryThis paper presents a list of parasites described in sea turtles from the Neotropical region. Through the review of literature the occurrence of 79 taxa of helminthes parasites were observed, mostly consisting of the Phylum Platyhelminthes with 76 species distributed in 14 families and 2 families of the Phylum Nematoda within 3 species. Regarding the parasite records, the most studied host was the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) followed by the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Overall helminths were reported in 12 countries and in the Caribbean Sea region. This checklist is the largest compilation of data on helminths found in sea turtles in the Neotropical region.

scholarly journals Mortality of olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea due to incidental capture in fishing nets along the Orissa coast, India

Oryx ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pandav ◽  
B. C. Choudhury ◽  
C. S. Kar
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Incidental Capture ◽  
Orissa Coast ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Nesting Beaches

The coastal state of Orissa, India, harbours three important mass-nesting beaches of the olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea. During a survey of sea turtle nesting beaches from December 1993 to May 1994, 5282 dead olive ridleys were counted along the 480 km coastline of Orissa. Almost all the deaths were due to incidental capture in offshore fishing nets. Increased fishing activities in the coastal waters near important sea-turtle nesting beaches pose a serious threat to the survival of this endangered sea turtle. It is therefore suggested that coastal waters adjacent to major sea-turtle nesting beaches be declared as closed areas for commercial fishing activities in order to ensure the sea turtle's long-term survival.

Effects of incubation technique on proxies for olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) neonate fitness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Hart ◽  
Alan A. Zavala-Norzagaray ◽  
Odin Benítez-Luna ◽  
Luis Javier Plata-Rosas ◽  
F. Alberto Abreu-Grobois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Righting Response ◽  
Nesting Beaches

Sea turtles and their nests face multiple threats on nesting beaches. Techniques have been developed to mitigate threats, these include relocating nests to fenced-off hatcheries or polystyrene boxes. The alteration of the nest’s natural environment may have direct effects on hatchling phenotype and locomotor performance. To test the effects of these two incubation conditions on proxies for hatchling fitness, we analysed locomotor performance (time to crawl 3 m and righting response) and phenotypic measures (weight and carapace length and width) of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) hatchlings. We found that mean temperature was higher in hatcheries (30.5°C) than in polystyrene boxes (29.9°C) and that hatchlings incubated in polystyrene boxes had smaller straight carapace length (39.2 mm ± 2.0) and were significantly slower in crawl speed (CS) (0.0107 m s−1 ± 0.005) than those from hatcheries (SCL = 40.7 mm ± 1.3; CS = 0.018 m s−1 ± 0.005).

Assortative epibiosis of leatherback, olive ridley and green sea turtles in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Robinson ◽  
Eric A. Lazo-Wasem ◽  
Frank V. Paladino ◽  
John D. Zardus ◽  
Theodora Pinou
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Single Location ◽  
The Pacific

Sea turtles host a diverse array of epibionts, yet it is not well understood what factors influence epibiont community composition. To test whether epibiont communities of sea turtles are influenced by the hosts’ nesting or foraging habitats, we characterized the epibiota of leatherback, olive ridley and green turtles nesting at a single location on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. We also compared the epibiota of these turtles to conspecific populations nesting elsewhere in the East Pacific. If epibiont communities are influenced by nesting habitats, we predicted that sympatrically nesting turtles would have comparable epibiont taxa. Alternatively, if epibiont communities are influenced by foraging habitats, we predicted the diversity of epibiont taxa should reflect the type and diversity of the hosts’ foraging habitats. We identified 18 epibiont taxa from 18 leatherback, 19 olive ridley and six green turtles. Epibiont diversity was low on leatherbacks (four taxa), but higher for olive ridley and green turtles (12 and nine epibiont taxa respectively). The epibiont communities of olive ridley and green turtles were not statistically different, but both were different from leatherbacks. In addition, conspecific sea turtles from other nesting locations hosted more similar epibiont communities than sympatrically nesting, non-conspecifics. We conclude that epibiont diversity of nesting sea turtles is partially linked to the diversity of their foraging habitats. We also conclude that the surface properties of the skin and carapace of these turtles may contribute to the uniqueness of leatherback turtle epibiont communities and the similarities between olive ridley and green turtle epibiont communities.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting beaches and hatcheries in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Budiantoro ◽  
CATUR RETNANINGDYAH ◽  
LUCHMAN HAKIM ◽  
AMIN SETYO LEKSONO
Keyword(s):  
Landing Site ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Mineral ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Nesting Beaches ◽  
Sand Size

Abstract. Budiantoro A, Retnaningdyah C, Hakim L, Leksono AS. 2019. Characteristics of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting beaches and hatcheries in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3119-3125. We analyzed the ecological conditions of the beaches in Bantul, Java, Indonesia, in supporting the olive ridley sea turtle emergences and nesting. The study was performed at four beaches in Bantul, namely Pelangi, Samas, Goa Cemara, and Pandansimo. We collected data in areas where olive ridley sea turtle nests, such as beach width, slope, sand size, the percentage of magnetic mineral, daily temperature fluctuations, hatchlings rates, and vegetation. The results showed that Pelangi Beach was broader and steeper (31.26 m; slope 5.10°) than the rest (p<0.05). There was no difference in the sand size (diameter of 0.99 mm). The magnetic mineral content in sand ranged from 51.68-87.50%, while the daily temperature ranged from 24.3-31.0°C. The average percentage of hatchlings from 2012 to 2018 was 60.89%. Vegetation on the four beaches is almost the same, which was shrimp pine trees, runny grass, thistle, papyrus, and pandanus thorns. The average pH level of the nest hatchery was 7, supporting the hatchling embryology process. Ecologically, Pelangi Beach is the best turtle landing site in Bantul. Furthermore, transferring olive ridley sea turtle eggs to seminatural nests is recommended due to the quite high hatching rate.

scholarly journals Occurrence and diet analysis of sea turtles in Korean shore

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihee Kim ◽  
Il-Hun Kim ◽  
Min-Seop Kim ◽  
Hae Rim Lee ◽  
Young Jun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Loggerhead Turtles

Abstract Background Sea turtles, which are globally endangered species, have been stranded and found as bycatch on the Korean shore recently. More studies on sea turtles in Korea are necessary to aid their conservation. To investigate the spatio-temporal occurrence patterns of sea turtles on the Korean shore, we recorded sampling locations and dates, identified species and sexes and measured sizes (maximum curved carapace length; CCL) of collected sea turtles from the year 2014 to 2020. For an analysis of diets through stomach contents, we identified the morphology of the remaining food and extracted DNA, followed by amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Results A total of 62 stranded or bycaught sea turtle samples were collected from the Korean shores during the study period. There were 36 loggerhead turtles, which were the dominant species, followed by 19 green turtles, three hawksbill turtles, two olive ridley turtles, and two leatherback turtles. The highest numbers were collected in the year 2017 and during summer among the seasons. In terms of locations, most sea turtles were collected from the East Sea, especially from Pohang. Comparing the sizes of collected sea turtles according to species, the average CCL of loggerhead turtles was 79.8 cm, of green turtles was 73.5 cm, and of the relatively large leatherback turtle species was 126.2 cm. In most species, the proportion of females was higher than that of males and juveniles, and was more than 70% across all the species. Food remains were morphologically identified from 19 stomachs, mainly at class level. Seaweeds were abundant in stomachs of green turtles, and Bivalvia was the most detected food item in loggerhead turtles. Based on DNA analysis, food items from a total of 26 stomachs were identified to the species or genus level. The gulfweed, Sargassum thunbergii, and the kelp species, Saccharina japonica, were frequently detected from the stomachs of green turtles and the jellyfish, Cyanea nozakii, the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and kelps had high frequencies of occurrences in loggerhead turtles. Conclusions Our findings support those of previous studies suggesting that sea turtles are steadily appearing in the Korean sea. In addition, we verified that fish and seaweed, which inhabit the Korean sea, are frequently detected in the stomach of sea turtles. Accordingly, there is a possibility that sea turtles use the Korean sea as feeding grounds and habitats. These results can serve as basic data for the conservation of globally endangered sea turtles.

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