scholarly journals Photoautotrophic System: A Review and Potential Application for Plant Propagation In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Krisantini Krisantini ◽  
Ni Made Armini Wiendi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System A ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Propagation Methods

AbstractThe standard method of in vitro plant micro propagation uses of tightly closed culture bottles using agar media containing macro and micro nutrients and sucrose as a source of carbon for the explants. The closed bottle culture is usually kept in a temperature and light controlled environment which is lower and of different quality from the natural sunlight, resulting in high relative humidity and no air exchange inside the bottles.  Explants produced in vitro have malfunctioned stomata, undeveloped cuticles and lower leaf chlorophyll levels, and hyper hydration of the plantlets. Photoautotrophic tissue culture is micro propagation without or with a reduced sugar level in the culture media, so the growth or accumulation of carbohydrates of the explants is dependent fully upon photosynthesis and inorganic nutrient uptake. This method is usually combined with ventilation or CO2 enrichment, and recently, with incorporating porous materials such as vermiculite, gum or paper pulp to the agar media to promote better root system of the explants. This article discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the photoautotrophic micro propagation compared to the standard micro propagation methods, and provided the results of the photo autotrophic micro propagation studies conducted at Laboratory of Tissue Culture II of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Technique for the Cultivation of Insect Tissues

1928 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. G. H. FREW
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
In Vitro Tissue Culture ◽  
Successful Technique

In vitro tissue culture Is shown to be a possible mode of experimentation with the tissues of the Blow Fly larva. Methods are described- whereby the tissues, and the body fluids requisite as culture media may be obtained free from bacteria. The imperfections of the technique are noted and the conclusion reached that a successful technique must depend on the rearing of bacteria-free larvae, for which a method Is briefly outlined. It Is shown that progress in this part of the work must await further physiological knowledge, particularly in respect to the nature of the body fluids.

Effects of 2,4-D and Amino Acids on Field Bindweed in Vitro

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Harvey ◽  
T. J. Muzik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Differential Binding ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two clones of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) which differed in their susceptibility to (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) under field and greenhouse conditions also exhibited similar differences when stem cells were cultured in liquid and agar media. Amino acids added to the culture media altered the response to 2,4-D. Glutamic acid increased the tolerance of the susceptible (S) clone, but reduced the tolerance of the resistant (R) clone. Glutamine increased the susceptibility of the S clone to a much greater degree than it did the R clone. No significant differences were noted in the rates of absorption of metabolism of 2,4-D by the two clones. Glutamine increased and glutamic acid decreased 2,4-D absorption by both clones. Levels of nitrate reductase activity (NRA), soluble protein (SP), and gross RNA (GR) increased in the S tissues but decreased or remained constant in the R tissues exposed to 4.5 × 10−5M 2,4-D. Correlations between 2,4-D susceptibility and NRA demonstrated a relationship between the effects of 2,4-D and nitrogen metabolism. Differential binding of 2,4-D within the cells appears to be the most likely explanation for the differences in response to 2,4-D.

scholarly journals In vitro tissue culture and genetic analysis of two high-CBD medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) breeding lines

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spela Mestinsek-Mubi ◽  
Sinja Svetik ◽  
Marko Flajsman ◽  
Jana Murovec
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
In Vitro Tissue Culture ◽  
Tissue Culture Media

The species Cannabis sativa L. has recently witnessed a resurgence of interest all over the world due to its multipurpose applications and the scientific confirmation of its pharmacological properties. Genotypes with high cannabinoid content are appreciated in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their therapeutic potential. These genotypes, with predominantly high cannabidiol (CBD) content, are the subject of research and breeding in several programs, but to date, little data is published on the in vitro tissue culture of cannabis. Our study focused on the establishment of an efficient micropropagation method for two high-CBD breeding lines (MX-CBD-11 and MX-CBD-707) as the basis for advanced biotechnological breeding approaches. The results demonstrated that the in vitro culture of medical cannabis can be initiated on different culture media, that cultured plants can be successfully acclimatized, and that nodal position, and especially the genotype, have a significant influence on the success of shoot culture establishment. They showed that the published tissue culture media optimized for one high-THC strain of Mexican cannabis are not as efficient for other genotypes of (medical) cannabis. We complemented this research with a genetic study of 95 plants of the two breeding lines with 16 microsatellite (SSR) markers which clustered the plants based on breeding line. The results demonstrated that only 8 markers are needed for discrimination of all analyzed plants and their usefulness for clonal identification.

scholarly journals Coconut Tissue Culture: The Indian Initiatives, Experiences and Achievements

CORD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Anitha Karun
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Coconut is one of the principal crops of India cultivated in over 35 districts mainly in the southern states. The productivity of the crop is declining in many of the traditionally cultivated regions owing to ageing plantations as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. These plantations are to be replanted with high yielding varieties/hybrids for which adequate quantity of quality planting material is not available. Even though tissue culture research was initiated in many laboratories in the country, the work was eventually phased out in most of the laboratories for want of a repeatable protocol.  At ICAR-CPCRI, coconut tissue culture programs have been continuing for the past three decades. The attempts made include experimentation with different explants viz., immature inflorescence, plumular tissues, mature palm shoot meristem, ovary and anthers and different culture media supplemented with varying levels and types of hormones. Some of the successful protocols developed at the Institute include coconut zygotic embryo culture for collection and exchange of germplasm, cryopreservation and retrieval of zygotic embryos and pollen and plantlet regeneration from plumular tissues. Even though ICAR-CPCRI has succeeded in obtaining plantlets via direct organogenesis from inflorescence explants, the absence of friable calli formation from explants, the low rate of somatic embryo formation, large number of cultures turning to abnormal shoot development, non conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets, and formation of abnormal somatic embryos remain the major bottlenecks. Gene expression studies are being currently undertaken to decipher the molecular basis of in vitro recalcitrance.

scholarly journals Low Cost Tissue Culture Technologies in Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Reshav Naik ◽  
Anil Bhushan ◽  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
Anamika Walia ◽  
Anshika Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Regeneration ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Brown Sugar

The demand of vegetable crops is increasing day by day due to changes in consumption patterns, so the need of the hour is to develop technologies that enhance the vegetable production at a rapid rate. Plant Tissue culture is one such remarkable biotechnological tool that has its application in vegetable propagation and improvement, disease elimination, herbicide resistance, salinity tolerance, incorporation of high nutrient content, genetically improved plants and conservation of endangered plant species and in the near future usage of this technology is going to increase further manifold. It is used for production of disease free quality planting material and development of varieties through direct regeneration, anther/ovule culture, somatic embryogenesis etc. or for creation of new variation (organogenesis via callus formation, soma-clonal variation and in vitro mutagenesis). In spite of being a very important and viable non-conventional biotechnological tool, high cost of production of seedlings in vitro remains a major impediment in popularization of this technology. High cost of producing seedlings is due to availability of limited resources, high recurrent costs of consumables for media and lack of awareness, which limits its application only to a few institutions and rich farmers especially in developing countries. Therefore, in order to make this technology a successful and viable option for the farmers, future thrust must be on cost reduction of in vitro seedlings. The components of tissue culture technology such as culture media components, glassware, lighting and water for media preparation can be replaced with low cost alternatives to reduce the overall cost of tissue culture. The usage of alternatives for gelling agent’s like isabgol (potato, tomato, cassava, turmeric, ginger), sago (potato, tomato, turmeric, ginger) cassava starch (potato, cassava, sweet potato) barley starch, phytagel etc. and for carbon sources like table sugar (potato, turmeric, ginger), jaggery, sugarcane juice, cube sugar (bittergord), brown sugar etc have already been documented worldwide. The present paper reviews the work done by researchers around the globe in developing various low cost alternative technologies with focus on vegetable crops.

scholarly journals Growth regulators and their reflection on different hop genotypes cultivated under in vitro conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. de-Souza ◽  
C. R. Adams ◽  
R. C. de-Melo ◽  
A. F. Guidolin ◽  
A. Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Response Variables

Abstract Hops is a new culture in Brazil. Tissue culture can be an important technique for rapid hop propagation. This paper aims to characterize responses from different genotypes under different growth regulators through the interrelationship of response variables important to hop in vitro growth. Three genotypes were cultivated in six culture media with different combinations of growth regulators, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (3-indolacetic acid) and GA3 (gibberellic acid). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and the interrelationship of the response variables was performed by path analysis. American genotypes showed favorable root development under the BAP + IAA combination, while the use of IAA improved shoot development. The origin of genotypes was important for defining the best protocol for in vitro cultivation. The path coefficient showed that the variable number of shoots has stronger direct effect on the number of nodal segments. Additionally, in tissue culture assays, the use of a covariable and proper error distribution significantly increased experimental accuracy.

scholarly journals Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Zeytinde Yapılan Doku Kültürü Çalışmaları

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Zeliha Çiftçi ◽  
Mizgin Ay ◽  
Ebru Sakar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Olive Varieties

Known as the world’s most healthy and natural source of vegetable oil, the history of olives dates back to 10,000 years ago. The homeland of olives, a member of the Oleacea family, is Upper Mesopotamia and Southern Asia, including Southeastern Anatolia and Syria. Olives, BC It started to be cultivated on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean in the year 3000 and is one of the first fruit species cultivated in the Mediterranean region. In this respect, olive has an important place in the economy, nutrition and culture of Mediterranean countries. Currently, in most olive growing countries, olive, leafy stem or cuttings are rooted or by propagating stem shoots from seed or clonal stem. However, the so-called table olives are very difficult or completely impossible to root. The olives, which are very difficult to root, should be supported with biotechnological approaches such as micropropagation method in order to increase the product productivity. So far, many fruit species have been propagated in vitro using tissue culture methods and at the same time, some olive varieties have been successfully propagated by micro-propagation method. It made in tissue culture in the world and Turkey Olives have been compiled resources to work for the researchers in this study.

scholarly journals In Vitro Micropropagation of Lilium candidum Bulb by Application of Multiple Hormone Concentrations Using Plant Tissue Culture Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Akshay Milind Patil ◽  
Pooja Prakash Gunjal ◽  
Dr. Sonali Das
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Micro Propagation

The multiplication efficacy by bulb is low and the plantlets are more susceptible to disease, therefore, there is a need to develop a protocol for its propagation. Lilium candidum is listed in the saitma prefecture Red Data Book as a critically endangered plant and rescuing information regarding its micro-propagation is rather limited. On this regard, the application of in vitro micropropagtion procedure might help to obtain large numbers of uniform plants of endangered species of Lilium. Dried lilies are a rich source of fiber and also rich in sodium and carbs. Lily bulbs have proteins and starch and also small quantities of iron, calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin B1, B2, C. The health benefits of the lily for the heart are well known on account of the active cardiac glycosides as well as the flavonoids which tend to stimulate the arteries and can cause them to dilute. Another one of the therapeutic uses of the lily flower is in the case of treating burns and preventing the formation of scar tissue. One of the main health benefits of the lily flower is that it helps regulating the heart rate there by allowing the heart to function more efficiently and regular. Having multiple medicinal properties we decided to cultivate Lilium candidum using plant tissue culture so farming can be increased using this cost efficient techniques. In this research, we have studied various Effect of different concentration of BAP and NAA on the initiation of Lilium candidum from bulb and IBA, IAA and NAA on the rooting of shoots of Lilium Candidum.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Easy Micro-propagation of Reseda Lutea (Resedaceae) a Rare and Medicinally Valuable Plant of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAHAD AL-QURAINY ◽  
SALEH ALANSI ◽  
SALIM KHAN ◽  
MOHAMMAD NADEEM ◽  
AREF AL-SHAMERI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Complete Procedure

Abstract The goal of this work was to look at the propagation of Reseda lutea L. by organogenesis in tissue culture. Explants from in vitro grown seedlings were taken from the axillary bud. After seven days of culture on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA, the adventitious buds developed. After three weeks of culturing on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BA, the maximum multiplication of shoots (16.12 shoots/explant) was discovered, with an average (7.37 cm) shoots/explant. These shoots were sub-cultured on MS media with varying concentrations of NAA and IBA for root initiation. The MS medium combined with IBA produced the greatest percentage of root development (92%) and the greatest number of roots (7.37 roots/plant). In MS media supplemented with 0.5 NAA, the longest roots (3.08 cm) were found. After 17 days in a glasshouse, the plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing Peat moss and pearlite, 98 percent of the plantlets were acclimatized. To get a plant in a pot, the complete procedure took about 75 days. The technique proposed could aid in the preservation of the plant both in vivo and in vitro.

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