PECULIARITIES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE IN THE EARLY PERIOD AFTER THE MASSIVE BLOOD LOSS AND LIMB ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION

Among the current medical and social problems, injuries and blood loss occupy a prominent place, causing stress on the antioxidant defenses. Hypoxia, which underlies the pathogenesis of the post-traumatic period of both diseases, leads to a significant imbalance in the work of internal organs. Scientists are increasingly attracted by the need to use a tourniquet or intraoperative ligatures, as reperfusion local and systemic damage develops. Antioxidants are considered a promising means of correction.The aim of the study was to investigate the features of metabolic disorders in the liver in the early post-traumatic period on the background of the use of a tourniquet and the effectiveness of thiocetam correction.Materials and methods. The experiment was perfomed on 130 white male rats (200-250 g), which were divided into 4 groups: control – the CG, the EG-1 – combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) with blood loss, the EG-2 – combination of limb IR with blood loss and mechanical trauma of the thigh; the EG-3 combination of limb IR, blood loss, mechanical injury and thiocetam administration. The Malonic dialdehide level catalase activity were estimated in the liver.Results. The use of thiocetam, which is able to struggle against of ischemia and lipid peroxidation by reactivating antiradical enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, had a positive effect on the state of antioxidant and prooxidant units in the organ, located far from the place of primary ischemia-reperfusion. If in the group of untrated animals (the EG-2, where massive blood loss was combined with a thigh fracture and the use of hemostatic tourniquet) in the early period, the MDA level exceeded the CG data in 5,4 times, and on the 7th and 14th days remained high – being higher on 2,1 times and on 2,7 times, then in the EG-3 (group of treated animals) on the 1st day the level of MDA exceeded the CG data in 4,3 times, but on the 7th and 14th days was higher by 90,5 % and 64 % respectively. The supportive effect of thiocetam on the activity of catalase in the liver was also noted. Thus, in EG-2 the level of antioxidant enzyme on the 1st day decreased by 71,7 %, and remained almost at this level throughout the all post-experimental period. As for the group of treated animals, the level of activity on the 1st day after the intervention decreased by 44,7%, and was so for almost the entire period. On the 14th day, it remained reduced compared to the CG by 35,1 %, while in EG-2 this index was lower compared to the CG by 70,5 %.Conclusion. Having the positive effect of the introduction of thiocetam in the ischemic area, we can eventually add new complex, given the world experience, which would affect the development of the inflammatory response and the rheological properties of blood.

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NCMP-05. DECODING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE TO LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASIS

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii124-ii124

Author(s):

Jan Remsik ◽

Xinran Tong ◽

Ugur Sener ◽

Danille Isakov ◽

Yudan Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Leptomeningeal Metastasis ◽

System Response ◽

Idle State ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Immune System Response ◽

Therapeutic Protocols ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord

Abstract For decades, the central nervous system was considered to be an immune privileged organ with limited access to systemic immunity. However, the leptomeninges, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled anatomical structure that protects the brain and spinal cord, represent a relatively immune-rich environment. Despite the presence of immune cells, complications in the CSF, such as infectious meningitis and a neurological development of cancer known as leptomeningeal metastasis, are difficult to treat and are frequently fatal. We show that immune cells entering the CSF are held in an ‘idle’ state that limits their cytotoxic arsenal and antigen presentation machinery. To understand this underappreciated neuroanatomic niche, we used unique mouse models and rare patient samples to characterize its cellular composition and critical signaling events in health and disease at a single-cell resolution. Revealing the mediators of CSF immune response will allow us to re-evaluate current therapeutic protocols and employ rational combinations with immunotherapies, therefore turning the patient’s own immune system into an active weapon against pathogens and cancer.

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Cytokine Patterns in Brain Tumour Progression

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2013/979748 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Radu Albulescu ◽

Elena Codrici ◽

Ionela Daniela Popescu ◽

Simona Mihai ◽

Laura Georgiana Necula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Tumour Growth ◽

Tumour Progression ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Angiogenic Factors ◽

System Response ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Immune System Response

Inflammation represents the immune system response to external or internal aggressors such as injury or infection in certain tissues. The body’s response to cancer has many parallels with inflammation and repair; the inflammatory cells and cytokines present in tumours are more likely to contribute to tumour growth, progression, and immunosuppression, rather than in building an effective antitumour defence. Using new proteomic technology, we have investigated serum profile of pro- (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, GM-CSF, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), along with angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF) in order to assess tumoural aggressiveness. Our results indicate significant dysregulation in serum levels of cytokines and angiogenic factors, with over threefold upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 and up to twofold upregulation of VEGF, FGF-2, IL-8, IL-2, and GM-CSF. These molecules are involved in tumour progression and aggressiveness, and are also involved in a generation of disease associated pain.

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Catalase activity as signal of antioxydant system affection under influence of limb ischemia-reperfusion

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001648 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Nataliya Volotovska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Limb Ischemia ◽

Mechanical Injury ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mechanical Trauma ◽

Control Group ◽

Ischemic Reperfusion

The use of hemostatic tourniquet is a proved means of primary care. However, systemic disorders, as well as ultrastructural, in the area of compression can significantly worsen the condition of the injured organism. The aim. Estimation of catalase level in rats’ liver on the background of modifications of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome to know the severest pathogenic combination for organism. Materials and methods. 260 white adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (KG), EG1 – simulation of isolated ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (IRS) of the limb, EG2 – simulation of isolated volumetric blood loss, EG3 – combination of IRS of the limb with blood loss, EG4 – simulation of isolated mechanical injury of the thigh, EG5 – combination of IRS of the limb and mechanical injury. The variability of catalase level in liver was analyzed. Results. It was found that each of the experimental interventions has led to changes of catalase activity in the liver. The most expressed pathological expressions were observed on the 3rd after interventions, when the studied index in EG3 was lower than in EG1 and EG2 in 6,2 times and by 33,1 %. On the 7th day catalase activity in EG3 was in 9,4 times and by 44,5 % times lower than in EG1 and in EG2 data concordantly. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion with blood loss in EG3 led to exhausting of liver antioxydant enzyme catalase in the most critical posttraumatic period (day 3). The same, but less significant effect was registered in the group of combination of mechanical trauma with ischemia-reperfusion in EG5. This proved the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion. Conclusions. In this experiment, founded risk factors of combination of ischemia-reperfusion with heavy blood loss emphasized the importance and particular attention on such widespread method of bleeding tratment, as the imposition of a tourniquet, as in our experiment it triggered risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown katalase activity depression respectively to the periods of increasing of lipid peroxydation. There was peculiarity, that on the base of isolated IRS catalase activity was increased in 2,5 times comparely to control group, whereas the hardest depression of it was found on the background of IRS, combined with blood loss – catalase activity was lower, comparely to KG – in 2,5 times. The importance of understanding the suppression of hepatocytes’ antyoxydants is great, as it might help in prevention the development of liver failure or hepatorenal syndrome on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion.

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Scaling in the Immune System: PhD Thesis

10.31219/osf.io/b24kw ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

soumya banerjee

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Body Size ◽

Human Health ◽

Response Rates ◽

System Response ◽

Metabolic Rates ◽

Viral Dynamics ◽

Immune System Response ◽

Phd Thesis

How different is the immune system in a human from that of a mouse? Do pathogens replicate at the same rate in different species? Answers to these questions have impact on human health since multi-host pathogens that jump from animals to humans affect millions worldwide.It is not known how rates of immune response and viral dynamics vary from species to species and how they depend on species body size. Metabolic scalingtheory predicts that intracellular processes will be slower in larger animals since cellular metabolic rates are slower. We test how rates of pathogenesis and immune system response rates depend on species body size.

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An enhanced agent based model of the immune system response

Cellular Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.12.006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 244 (2) ◽

pp. 77-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

V. Baldazzi ◽

F. Castiglione ◽

M. Bernaschi

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

System Response ◽

Agent Based Model ◽

Agent Based ◽

Immune System Response

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A Cognitive Computational Model Inspired by the Immune System Response

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/852181 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdo Abd Al-Hady ◽

Amr Ahmed Badr ◽

Mostafa Abd Al-Azim Mostafa

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Computational Model ◽

Cognitive Architecture ◽

Intelligent Agent ◽

System Response ◽

Danger Theory ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Immune System Response ◽

Fuzzy State

The immune system has a cognitive ability to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy cells. The immune system response (ISR) is stimulated by a disorder in the temporary fuzzy state that is oscillating between the healthy and unhealthy states. However, modeling the immune system is an enormous challenge; the paper introduces an extensive summary of how the immune system response functions, as an overview of a complex topic, to present the immune system as a cognitive intelligent agent. The homogeneity and perfection of the natural immune system have been always standing out as the sought-after model we attempted to imitate while building our proposed model of cognitive architecture. The paper divides the ISR into four logical phases: setting a computational architectural diagram for each phase, proceeding from functional perspectives (input, process, and output), and their consequences. The proposed architecture components are defined by matching biological operations with computational functions and hence with the framework of the paper. On the other hand, the architecture focuses on the interoperability of main theoretical immunological perspectives (classic, cognitive, and danger theory), as related to computer science terminologies. The paper presents a descriptive model of immune system, to figure out the nature of response, deemed to be intrinsic for building a hybrid computational model based on a cognitive intelligent agent perspective and inspired by the natural biology. To that end, this paper highlights the ISR phases as applied to a case study on hepatitis C virus, meanwhile illustrating our proposed architecture perspective.

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