scholarly journals Daño a la infraestructura (pavimento) causado por el arbolado urbano en Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (68) ◽  
pp. 178-201
Author(s):  
Sandra Quijas ◽  
Tahamara Esquivel

Se realizó un estudio para analizar los árboles que por su localización inadecuada causan daño significativo a la infraestructura, entre la que se destaca al pavimento de las áreas verdes urbanas de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, se describen los factores que explican el daño registrado. En 14 parques y plazas públicas, se realizó el censo de árboles y palmas. El nivel de daño se evaluó en las especies con ³10 individuos por taxón en las áreas verdes y se hizo en función de tres factores: a) biológico (diámetro a la altura del pecho, altura total y área de copa); b) social (posibilidad de reparación de daños); y c) ambiental (distancia del árbol al pavimento, principalmente). Para el nivel de daño al pavimento (sin daño, poco daño, daño moderado, daño severo), se consideró la condición de la infraestructura y porcentaje de daño. De los 1 228 individuos arbóreos, 85 % no mostraba ningún daño visible a la infraestructura (pavimento) de los parques y plazas públicas. De las 20 especies estudiadas, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Ficus benjamina, Ficus insipida, Ficus lapathifolia y Simaruba glauca fueron las que causaron daños de moderado a severo. El diámetro a la altura del pecho, altura total y área de copa fueron los factores que explicaron significativamente el daño al pavimento. Los resultados muestran que para disminuir el daño de los árboles y palmas a la infraestructura, se tienen que conocer los atributos biológicos de las especies por plantar, y con ello asegurarles el espacio suficiente para su desarrollo

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapariyanto Sapariyanto ◽  
Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽  
Melya Riniarti

University of Lampung has quite extensive green open space with the diversity of vegetation.  The presence of green open space consider to have benefits to control the temperature and humidity.  This research was aimed to know the influence of vegetation on the green open space to control temperature, humidity, the degree of comfort and aesthetics.  This study used randomized group complete design model with purposive sampling techniques and interviews which conducted on February 2015. The results of this research showed that the highest air temperature in the morning, noon and evening were in the football field.  The lowest temperature in the morning, noon and evening were in mixed forest stands.  The highest humidity in the morning was in Ficus benjamina stands, while in the afternoon and evening were in Enterolobium cyclocarpum stands.  The lowest air humidity in the morning, noon and late afternoon were in thefootball field.  Based on the temperature and humidity index (THI) the football field, Enterolobium cyclocarpum stands, Ficus benjamina stands and mixed forest stands were included in the uncomfortable category.  Based on perception of repondens towards the comfort level and green open space aesthetic, the football field categoried as uncomfortable and less aesthetic.  While, Enterolobium cyclocarpum stands, Ficus benjamina stands and mixed forest stands categoried as comfortable and aesthetic. Keywords: comfort, micro-climate, open green space


HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 537b-537
Author(s):  
Svoboda V. Pennisi ◽  
Dennis B. McConnell ◽  
Richard W. Henley

Ficus benjamina plants are an integral part of most modern interior landscapes. Reports from growers and interiorscape managers have drawn attention to a specific problem related to large F. benjamina plants, namely the occurrence of a dark oval spot on the abaxial surface of the leaf base. Twelve cultivars of F. benjamina were examined: Christine, Citation, Florida Spire, Kelly, Kiki, Midnight, Monique, Stacey, Wintergreen, Dwarf Nikita, Spearmint, and Starlight. Anatomically, the dorsal gland consisted of one to several layers of densely stained, columnar cells. Positive colorimetric reaction for phenolics was obtained in the glandular cells. Developmentally, the gland cells could not be distinguished from the regular epidermal cells until ≈30% of final leaf size was reached. The cells of the outermost glandular layer changed shape from rectangular with long axis parallel to the leaf surface to elongate with long axis perpendicular to the surface. In a mature leaf, the thickness of the glandular layer was between 20 and 30 μm. Externally, at this stage, no dark spot, indicative of the gland's location, could be observed. In older leaves, however, an accumulation of phenolic substances led to appearance of dorsal dark spot. All cultivars possessed glandular layer. However, this area did not darken in all cultivars; Christine, Citation, Florida Spire, Kelly, Kiki, and Stacey developed small dark spots, while Dwarf Nikita and Starlight had numerous, well-pronounced glandular regions. This study showed that the dark spots in F. benjamina cultivars were a normal morphological feature. Although the gland was present in every cultivar, only a few cultivars developed a dark color.


Allergy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kortekangas-Savolainen ◽  
K. Kalimo ◽  
J. Savolainen
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-18

CARACTERES EPIDÉRMICOS FOLIARES DE PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES, TÓXICAS PARA ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS. LEAF EPIDERMAL CHARACTERS OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, TOXIC FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Patricia Nasca de Zamora DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2009.0003/ RESUMEN El tejido epidérmico de los vegetales presenta un diseño característico para cada especie, de manera que muchas plantas pueden reconocerse a través de su estudio microscópico. Además, este tejido resiste el pasaje por el tracto digestivo de los animales, permaneciendo prácticamente inalterable. Basados en este hecho, los investigadores Baungartder y Martin (1939) idearon la técnica microhistológica, que consiste en estudiar la composición botánica de la dieta de animales herbívoros a través del análisis microscópico de fragmentos de epidermis vegetales encontrados en la materia fecal de los mismos. A lo largo de los años, el uso de esta técnica se extendió ampliamente, adaptándose a diferentes objetivos, tanto ecológicos como económicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo, que se llevó a cabo en la provincia de Tucumán, República Argentina, es describir las epidermis foliares de cuatro especies ornamentales tóxicas, a fin de aportar datos para la confección de una clave dicotómica de identificación de las mismas, para ser usada como elemento de diagnóstico en medicina veterinaria. Se extrajeron en laboratorio - con diversas técnicas - epidermis foliares de Evonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, Ficus benjamina y Vinca difformis; especies ornamentales citadas como tóxicas en la bibliografía veterinaria y cultivadas habitualmente en jardines particulares y espacios públicos de la Provincia. Se confeccionaron preparados microscópicos permanentes, se tomaron registros fotográficos y se describieron las características epidérmicas de cada especie, teniendo en cuenta la forma de las células, la presencia o ausencia de estomas, presencia de tricomas, tipos de estomas, tipos de tricomas, etc. Hedera helix y Vinca difformis presentan células epidérmicas de contorno lobulado, mientras que las células epidérmicas de Evonymus japonicus. y Ficus benjamina son isodiamétricas y poligonales. Las cuatro especies descriptas presentan estomas sólo en la zona internerval de la cara abaxial de sus hojas. Se encontraron tricomas simples solamente en la zona nerval de la epidermis adaxial de Vinca difformis, las demás epidermis son completamente glabras. Los caracteres encontrados en las especies estudiadas y volcados en las descripciones, constituyen un aporte de utilidad para la confección de una clave dicotómica de indentificación de estas plantas tóxicas a través de sus epidermis. Palabras clave: epidermis foliar, plantas ornamentales, tóxicas, medicina veterinaria. ABSTRACT The epidermal tissue of the vegetables presents a typical design for every species so that many plants can be recognized across its microscopic study. In addition, it resists the passage for the digestive tract of the animals, remaining practically inalterable. Based on this fact, Baungartder and Martin (1939) designed the microhistological technique, which consists of studying botanical composition of diet of herbivorous animals across the microscopic analysis of plant´s epidermis fragments found in the fecal matter. Throughout the years, the use of this technique spread widely, adapting to different aims, both ecological and economic. The aim of the present work, realized in Tucumán's province, Argentina, is to characterize epidermis of ornamental, toxic plants for domestic animals, in order to be used as element of diagnosis in veterinary medicine. Epidermis of Evonymus japonicus, Hedera helix, Ficus benjamina and Vinca difformis were extracted in laboratory. All of them are ornamental species, mentioned like toxic in the bibliography veterinary and cultivated habitually in particular gardens and public spaces of the Province. They were made prepared microscopic permanent, photographic records took and there were described the epidermal characteristics of every species, bearing in mind the form of the cells, the presence or absence of stomata and trichomes, and types of stomata and trichomes. Hedera helix and Vinca difformis present lobulated epidermal cells, whereas Evonymus japonicus and Ficus benjamina ones are isodiametrics and polygonal. Four species present stomata only in the internerval zone of abaxial epidermis. They were trichomes only in the nerval zone of adaxial epidermis of Vinca difformis. The epidermal characters found in the studied species, constitute an usefull contribution for the confection of a dichotomous indentification key of these toxic plants. Keywords: epidermis, ornamental toxic plants, veterinary medicine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Verónica Bonilla-Villalobos

Con la finalidad de describir la composición florística de la finca Los Llanos, (renombrada por la UNED, Estación Experimental Los Llanos, según acuerdo Rectoría CR 2019-914), se realizó una caracterización florística del bosque húmedo premontano transición a basal en un paisaje degradado ubicado en la comunidad de Los Llanos, Alajuela. El trabajo se realizó entre los años 2016 y 2017, por un periodo aproximado de siete meses. Se establecieron aleatoriamente 20 parcelas circulares donde se contabilizaron e identificaron todas las especies de plantas con un diámetro (DAP) mayor o igual a 10 cm. Se obtuvo información sobre: a) el estado actual del ecosistema, b) muestreo rápido de especies forestales, c) identidad taxonómica de las especies, d) gremios ecológicos de las especies, e) área basal, f) análisis de diversidad alfa y g) caracterización del suelo y h) recurso hídrico. Se encontró que el sitio es atravesado por la quebrada ojo de agua y cuenta con un bosque ribereño alterado, el cuál colinda con dos nacientes de agua registradas. Gran parte del territorio es dominado por plantas herbáceas, mayoritariamente de las familias Asteraceae, Poaceae, Verbenaceae, así como de cultivos mixtos como Phaseolus vulgaris y Zea mays. El sitio se caracteriza por tener suelos muy pedregosos y arcillosos (vertisoles), una cobertura forestal dispersa, con presencia de algunos árboles con alto valor comercial especialmente cedro (Cedrela), cenízaro (Samanea saman) y guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) y el bosque ribereño está compuesto principalmente de especies como roble sabana (Tabebuia rosea), yos (Sapium glandulosum), cedro (Cedrela odorata) y guarumo (Cecropia). Además, la cobertura forestal riparia es discontinua y las áreas de cultivos dentro de la finca. Este estudio encontró una composición florística del bosque transicional muy alterada, pero con algunas especies representativas del Valle Central que pueden colaborar como remanentes para iniciar un proceso de restauración ecológica en la comunidad de Los Llanos.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Al Qassimi ◽  
Chuloh Jung

Due to hot desert weather, residents of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) spend 90% of their time indoors, and the interior environment of the newly built apartments with inappropriate material and ventilation is causing sick building syndrome (SBS), faster than in any other country. NASA studies on indoor air pollutants indicate that the usage of 15–18 air-purifying plants in 18–24 cm diameter containers can clean the air in an average 167.2 m2 house (approximately one plant per 9.2 m2). This study investigates the effect of three different types of air-purifying plants, Pachira aquatica, Ficus benjamina, and Aglaonema commutatum, in reducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde (CH2O) in hot desert climate. An experiment is performed in which the CH2O and VOCs concentrations are measured in two laboratory spaces (Room 1 and Room 2). Different volumes (5 and 10% of the laboratory volume) of target plants are installed in Room 1, whereas Room 2 is measured under the same conditions without plants for comparison. The results show that the greater the planting volume (10%), the greater is the reduction effect of each VOCs. In summer in hot desert climate, the initial concentration (800 µg/cm3) of CH2O and VOCs is higher, and the reduction amount is higher (534.5 µg/cm3) as well. The reduction amount of CH2O and toluene (C7H8) is particularly high. In the case of C7H8, the reduction amount (45.9 µg/cm3) is higher in summer with Aglaonema commutatum and Ficus benjamina. It is statistically proven that Ficus benjamina is most effective in reducing CH2O and C7H8 in an indoor space in hot desert climate. The findings of this study can serve as basic data for further improving the indoor air quality using only air-purifying plants in hot desert climate of the United Arab Emirates.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Stranghetti ◽  
Zélia Aparecida Valsechi da Silva

A paisagem urbana, na grande maioria dos municípios do Estado de São Paulo, não se fundamenta em planejamento que busque harmonia entre os fatores ambientais. A ausência de um planejamento para a arborização urbana da cidade de Uchôa tem trazido sérios problemas para a população e para a administração municipal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo atender as necessidades dessa localidade e de sua população, oferecendo um diagnóstico baseado em um trabalho sistematizado do levantamento da arborização de vias públicas para avaliar as reais condições da área urbana deste município. Uchôa situa-se na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foram identificadas 67 espécies num total de 2.640 indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos. As espécies utilizadas na arborização de ruas são pouco diversificadas, sendo a maioria exótica. As mais frequentes são: Licania tomentosa (67,05%), Nectandra megapotamica (7,87%), Ficus benjamina (4,01%) e Bauhinia variegata (2%). A maior parte dos problemas encontrados é decorrente dos plantios voluntários realizados pela população local. Esse resultado demonstra a falta de uma política municipal de arborização urbana para a cidade de Uchôa.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽  
Irma Erika Herawati

Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em>. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em> leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC<sub>50</sub> values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Annona reticulata</em> was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the <em>Ficus benjamina</em> water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction.


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