HEPATITIS C

I n t r o d u c t i o n : Hepatitis C is a RNA virus isolated in 1988 but still not cultured in the laboratory. Hepatitis-C infection is aserious global public health issue, WHO estimates worlds 3 % population is HCV positive. Pakistan is also facing the huge burden of thisdisease. Accurate prevalence information for hepatitis C infection is scant in Pakistan. Few population based studies are available, the mostcomprehensive being that of Luby et al which after testing a representative sample from a population of 150,000 in Hafizabad, Pakistanfound an overall sero-prevalence of 6%. This increased to 30% with increasing age. They also found sero-prevalence of 16% in householdmembers of HCV infected cases. Aslam et al reported a population prevalence of 16% from Lahore and 23.8% in Gujranwala. In our studypublished in Medical Forum showed prevalence of HCV antibodies in population attending our department of ophthalmology is 27.06%.There is no data from Pakistan about prevalence of hepatitis C in Paramedical staff. It appears that paramedical staff is at higher risk ofcontracting this infection as they are exposed to multiple risk factors like needle stick injuries. Little is known about the prevalence of HepatitisC in this group of population. The objective of our study was to assess the perceived increased incidence of Hepatitis C in this group ofpopulation. M e t h o d s & Materials:This is a retrospective audit of the data from the records kept by clinical laboratory of University MedicalCollege, Faisalabad. All paramedical staff members were invited for HCV antibody test on 13.1.2007 to 20.1.2007.Any staff member workingin those days was included in the study. Persons on holidays or did not give free informed consent was excluded from the study. Serumof blood samples were analyzed by EXCEL a one step test device for the qualitative detection of antibodies to Hepatitis C virus in serumor plasma by trained professional. This test has a relative sensitivity of 96.8%, relative specificity 99% and accuracy 98.9% as comparedto HCV EIA test. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS system.Results: A total 80 staff members were working in the hospital at thattime, 61 attended for the test (F: 31, M: 30). We found 7 (11.4%) were HCV positive and 54 (88.52%) were HCV negative including 2 weeklypositive. Among HCV positive 4 (6.55%) were male and 3 (4.91 %) were females. Age distribution was 17 - 75 years with mean age 32.51years. Among HCV positive 3 were analyzed by ELISA technique. 2 weekly positive by EXCEL were negative by ELISA and 1 positive byEXCEL was positive by ELISA. C o n c l u s i o n : Paramedical staff is perhaps not at higher risk of contracting HCV infection. However morestudies are required to further assess this finding.

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Studies on the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection in diabetic patients attending a tertiary health-care facility South-west Nigeria

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05388-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James A. Ndako ◽

Akinyomade O. Owolabi ◽

Joseph A. Olisa ◽

Jeremiah A. Akinwumi ◽

Victor T. Dojumo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hepatitis C Infection

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two major public health problems associated with increasing complications and mortality rates worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in diabetic patients and to investigate the influence of several epidemiological and clinical factors on HCV infection. Method A total number of one hundred and eighty diabetic patients were recruited for this study. Consented subjects made up of 71(39.4%) males and 109(60.56%) females were recruited for the study. While one-Hundred (100) Non-Diabetics (Controls) were also recruited for the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to the consented participants to obtain relevant data. Sera samples were assayed for antibodies to HCV using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [Inteco Diagnostic Limited]. ELISA technique. Result Overall prevalence of HCV infection among diabetes patients assayed was 13.3% out of which 8(11.3%) was obtained from the male subjects compared to 16 (14.7%) seropositivity recorded among the females (P = 0.511; P > 0.05). Considering age distribution, Subjects aged 41–50 years recorded, 9 (22.5%) positivity (P = 0.238; P > 0.05).Considering educational status of subjects screened, 22 (14.9%) positivity was rescored among subjects who have attained tertiary status of education.(P = 0.574;P > 0.05).Risk factors considered showed that, 7 (18.9%) seropositive subject were alcoholic consumers(P value = 0.2621;P > 0.05) while 5 (8.9%) recorded history of sharing sharp objects P = 0.2427;P > 0.05). Conclusion Our study shows a slightly higher prevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetics. This call for urgent routine screening exercise among diabetic patients for HCV infection. This study also emphasizes the need for public enlightenment on the association between HCV infection and T2DM, to avert possible complications among diabetic patients.

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Analysis of Transmission of Hepatitis C Viruses: Dental vs. Surgical Procedures

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1097914/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fawad Ahmad ◽

Muhammad SAJJAD ◽

Muhammad Umair Akram ◽

Rabia Zulfiqar ◽

Recep Kara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Pareto Distribution ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Surgical Instruments ◽

Ann Model ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Hepatitis C Viruses

Abstract Objectives: The primary purpose of the present study is to evaluate the cause of HCV transmission either by dental or surgical procedures in Pakistan. It will reveal the standards of current practices and knowledge of surgical instrument sterilization in Pakistan. Methods:The contemporary study design was cross-sectional. A total of 7097 patients were included in the study that was the confirmed cases of Hepatitis C from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan, during the period of three years from Jul 1, 2018, to Jun 30, 2021. The ANN model simulates a discrete Pareto distribution; descriptive statistics were applied by using SPSS 23.Results:In age distribution, most patients were aged 26-37 from the 2020- 2021 year of study with 45.6%age. The total mean ± SD was 2.42 ± .935 with 0.000P-values. Results show that high-risk variables are strongly associated with the surgical history, such as sector analysis (public and private) with 0.000 P-values. Analysis of these variables indicated that inquiry about surgical instruments sterilization and age groups(100%)were the most vital variable in the ANN model. Pareto distribution values of surgical procedures that are transmitting hepatitis C viruses more than the dental procedures. Conclusion: Surgical procedures are high transmission source of hepatitis C viruses than dental procedures. Clinical Significance: More care should be taken, and more severe sterilization measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of hepatitis C infection, especially in dental and general surgery procedures in Pakistan.

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Studies on the Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Diabetic Patients attending a Tertiary Health-care Facility South-west Nigeria.

10.21203/rs.2.13403/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James A. NDAKO ◽

Akinyomade O Owolabi ◽

Joseph A. Olisa ◽

Jeremiah A. Akinwumi ◽

Victor T. Dojumo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Care Facility ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hepatitis C Infection

Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two major public health problems associated with increasing complications and mortality rates worldwide. The objective of this study to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in diabetic patients and to investigate the influence of several epidemiological and clinical factors on HCV infection. Method: A total number of one hundred and eighty diabetic patients were recruited for this study. Consented subjects made up of 71(39.4%) males and 109(60.56%) females were recruited for the study. While one-Hundred (100) Non-Diabetics (Controls) were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were administered to the consented participants to obtain relevant data. Sera samples were assayed for antibodies to HCV using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [Inteco Diagnostic Limited]. ELISA technique.Result: Overall prevalence of HCV infection among diabetes patients assayed was 13.3%. Out of which 8(11.3%) was obtained from the male subjects compared to 16 (14.7%) seropositivity recorded for the female subjects (P = 0.511; P > 0.05). Considering age distribution, Subjects aged 41-50 years recorded, 9 (22.5%) positivity (P= 0.238; P>0.05).Considering educational status of subjects screened, 22 (14.9%) positivity was rescored among subjects who have attained tertiary status of education.( P = 0.574;P>0.05).Risk factors considered showed that, 7 (18.9%) seropositive subject were alcoholic consumers(P value = 0.2621;P>0.05) while 5 (8.9%) recorded history of sharing sharp objects P= 0.2427;P>0.05).Conclusion: Our study shows a slightly higher prevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetics. This call for urgent routine screening exercise among diabetic patients for HCV infection. This study also emphasizes the need for public enlightenment on the association between HCV infection and T2DM, to avert possible complications among diabetic patients.

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Management of Hepatitis C Infection: A Retrospective Audit of Treatment Outcomes in Clinical Practice

Endoscopy ◽

10.1055/s-2004-834509 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

Author(s):

F MacCarthy ◽

JM Lee

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Retrospective Audit

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Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection in Malaysia: A Narrative Review

Open Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.28933/ojgh-2021-05-2805 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

High Risk ◽

Health Planning ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Health Official ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Hepatitis C infection is a growing public health issue in Malaysia. A large number of people living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unaware of the infection. The treatment complexity warrants a comprehensive understanding of this infectious disease to support planning for strategies to reduce the burden of disease associated with hepatitis C. This study aimed to summarise the epidemiology and risk factors attributable to hepatitis C acquisition in Malaysia based on local published articles. Published articles related to epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in Malaysia between 2005 and 2017 were searched through several online databases. Related information from the Ministry of Health official website was also compiled. An increasing trend in the incidence and mortality rate of hepatitis C infection is noted over the last decades. In 2009, the national prevalence of people infected with HCV was approximately 2.5%, with the prevalence rate varying according to different high-risk groups. The most common genotypes reported are genotypes 3 and 1. Frequently reported risk factor for HCV acquisition is injection drug use. Other identified risk factors are being a blood product recipient, haemodialysis patient or participant in high-risk sexual activity. Nevertheless, a considerable number of patients had no known risk factors. The prevalence and burden of HCV-related disease are substantial and can be attributed to many factors. High-quality design studies are needed to provide stronger evidence of the risk factors for hepatitis C infection in local populations for future public health planning.

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Hepatitis C virus: laboratory surveillance in England and Wales, 1992–2004

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268806007138 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 541-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

U. GUNGABISSOON ◽

M. A. BALOGUN ◽

M. E. RAMSAY

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Drug Users ◽

South Asians ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Injecting Drug Users ◽

Annual Number ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

England And Wales

SUMMARYBetween 1992 and 2004, a total of 49 819 confirmed hepatitis C infections have been reported to the Health Protection Agency (HPA) by laboratories in England and Wales; the annual number of reports increased from 241 in 1991 to 8149 in 2004. Most reports with a known risk factor were in injecting drug users (87%, 12 438/14 221), but 71% (35 598/49 819) of the total had no reported identified risk. The age-sex distribution of the latter cases was similar to that in injecting drug users. Using names to assign ethnicity, individuals with South Asian names had an older age distribution and a different risk factor profile from non-South Asians. Using published age-specific prevalence data from 1996, it was estimated that around 281 764 cases of hepatitis C infection exist in England and Wales, and that only 17% of these cases have been reported to the HPA. Surveillance reports continue to provide important information regarding trends in hepatitis C infection in specific risk groups.

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Neutrophilic Dermatosis in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Chronic Active Hepatitis C

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports ◽

10.1177/23247096211037458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 232470962110374

Author(s):

Rupam Sharma ◽

Royce H. Johnson ◽

Arash Heidari ◽

Matthew Malerich ◽

William R. Stull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽

Chronic Active Hepatitis ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Neutrophilic Dermatosis ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Sweet Syndrome ◽

Systemic Glucocorticoids ◽

Histological Characteristics

In this article, we describe a case of neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands (NDDH) complicated with myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic active hepatitis C infection. NDDH was first suggested by Galaria et al in 2000. After comparing features of NDDH with Sweet syndrome in terms of encompassing clinical, laboratory, and histological characteristics, it can be concluded that “distributional or localized variant” of Sweet syndrome is classified as NDDH. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve prognosis. Systemic glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment.

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