ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL TUMORS;

Background: The oro-facial region including the jawbones and related tissuescan be the site of a multitude of neoplastic conditions. This region is minefield for many benignor malignant neoplastic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern ofoccurrence of oral and maxillofacial tumours amongst paediatric patients treated at MuhimbiliNational Hospital. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department of Oral andMaxillofacial Surgery in Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Period: January 2008 to December2013. Methodology: Histological results of lesions that occurred in oral and maxillofacial region.Patient’s demographic data, histopathological diagnosis and the type of tumour were recorded.The lesions were broadly grouped as benign and malignant. Data analysis was done usingversion 19 of SPSS computer program. Results: A total of 1447 histological results of patientswith oral and maxillofacial lesions were obtained from the archives, of which 138 (9.5%) werehistological results of children under 15 years. Male to Female ratio was 1:1. The age rangedfrom 0 to 15 years, mean age being 10.8 ± 3.8. The most affected age groups were of 6-10and 11-15. Ameloblastoma was the most common benign lesion, while Burkitt’s lymphoma wasthe commonest malignant lesions. Conclusion: Benign lesions are the most common oral andmaxillofacial lesions among paediatric patients, and their prevalence increase with increasingage. The pattern of occurrence of oral and maxillofacial tumours in this study will be of interestto the clinicians and pathologists as it shades light to the trend of oral and maxillofacial lesionin children.

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Clinico-histopathological analysis of orbito-ocular lesions: a hospital-based study

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v6i2.27228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle ◽

Mrinalini Singh ◽

Prerna Arjyal Kafle ◽

Bal Kumar KC ◽

Sanjeev Kumar Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Panel Study ◽

College Teaching ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Ocular Lesions ◽

Malignant Lesions

Introductions: Preoperative diagnosis of orbital and ocular lesions is necessary for optimum treatment. The study aims to analyze the histomorphological spectrum of orbito-ocular lesions and to evaluate the need of ancillary techniques for confirmation of diagnosis. Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study of orbito-ocular surgical biopsy samples obtained in the Department of Pathology, at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal during one-year period was analysed for clinical and histopathological findings. Demographic data, site and tissue type, benign or malignant, recommendations for special stains and immunohistochemistry panel study were analysed. Results: Out of 185 total samples, male to female ratio of 1.1:1, age ranged from ten month to 82 years, 11-20 year age group had 39 (21.1%) orbito-ocular lesions and cornea-conjunctiva was involved in 104 (56.2%). Clinical diagnosis correlated well with histopathological diagnosis, p<0.001. The non-neoplastic, benign and malignant lesions were 36.7%, 33.5% and 29.7% respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 28 (50.9%) of malignant lesions followed by sebaceous carcinoma 7 (12.7%). The special stains and immunohistochemistry panel was recommended in 38 (20.5% and 21 (11.3%) cases respectively. Conclusions: Findings suggest the clinical and histopathological diagnosis correlated well in diagnosis of a wide spectrum of orbito-ocular lesions.

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An 8-year Pattern of Orofacial Sarcoma from the National Referral Hospital in United Republic of Tanzania

International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1290 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Neck Region ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Female Ratio ◽

United Republic ◽

United Republic Of Tanzania ◽

National Referral Hospital

ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the pattern of head and neck sarcomas among patients treated at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Background Sarcomas of the head and neck are very rare, representing only 1% of all primary tumors arising within the head and neck region and accounting for 4 to 10% of all sarcomas, with more than 50 distinct existing histologic subtypes. Materials and methods It was a retrospective study whereby histological results of the lesions arising from oral and maxillofacial region between 2008 and 2016 were analyzed. Patient's demographic data, histopathological diagnosis, and the type of sarcoma were recorded. The lesions were broadly grouped as soft and hard tissue sarcomas (HTSs). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19 computer program. Results Sarcomas accounted for 7% of all lesions occurring in orofacial region. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The age ranged from 3 to 81 years, mean age being 33 ± 16 years. The most affected age groups were of 30 to 39 followed by 20 to 29 years. Approximately half of the patients were aged below 30 years and three quarters below 40 years. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and rhabdomyosarcoma were the most common soft tissue sarcoma (STS), while osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma were the commonest HTS. Conclusion The analysis demonstrated that the head and neck sarcomas are a very rare group of neoplasm, with approximately 20 cases per year. The STSs are more common than the HTSs, while KS is the most common, followed by osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Generally, patients less than 40 years of age are the mostly affected, with a slightly higher female predominance. Clinical significance By contributing to the identification of the incidence of sarcomas at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, this study promotes scientific understanding of pattern of occurrence and underscores the necessity of early detection of sarcomas, since the affected are young individuals. How to cite this article Moshy JR, Owibingire SS, Sohal KS. An 8-year Pattern of Orofacial Sarcoma from the National Referral Hospital in United Republic of Tanzania. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):207-212.

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Ophthalmic Histiocytic Lesions: A Baseline Demographic and Clinicopathological Study of 28 Cases From 2 Eye Centers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-238451/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tariq A. Alzahem ◽

Azza M.Y. Maktabi ◽

HIND MANAA ALKATAN

Keyword(s):

Relevant Literature ◽

Age Groups ◽

University Hospital ◽

Future Research ◽

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma ◽

Published Data ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Rosai Dorfman Disease ◽

Rare Group

Abstract Purpose: Ophthalmic histiocytic lesions comprise a heterogeneous rare group of disorders that are characterized by an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes and may affect all age groups of both genders. This rare group of diseases in the ophthalmic practice has not been previously studied in this area of the world and only individual cases reports were reported.Methods: This retrospective study has been approved on an expedited basis by the Human Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board (HEC/IRB) at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) with a collaborative agreement between KKESH and King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia aiming to collect all biopsied ocular and periocular histiocytic lesions from both centers from January 1993 to December 2018. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed, and cases were re-classified by review of all histopathological slides. The corresponding demographic and clinical data were analyzed. Relevant literature review was also carried on for comparison of our collected analyzed data to published data and to draw our own conclusions.Results: A total of 34 ocular/periocular histiocytic lesions of 28 patients who were mostly Saudis (92.9%) were included. Male to female ratio was 4:3. The median age at presentation was 6.4 years (range: 2.8-35). Twenty-two patients had unilateral involvement and 6 patients had bilateral lesions. In Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)=L group, the most common presenting findings were eyelid swelling (75%), periocular tenderness (37.5%), proptosis/globe displacement (37.5%) eyelid erythema (25%), and orbital pain (12.5%). In Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD)=C group, proptosis/globe displacement occurred in all patients, followed by decreased vision (80%). Patients with C group diseases had variable clinical features owing to the different locations of the histiocytic lesions with the majority involving the eyelids (66.7%). Diagnosis was accurately reached clinically in 38.8%, 33.7%, and 46.7% among patients in the L group, C group, and R group respectively. Overall, the clinical diagnosis was in concordance with the histopathologic diagnosis in 14 only out of 34 lesions (41.2%). Conclusions: We concluded that C group was the commonest histiocytic lesion encountered in about two-thirds of the lesions with particular prevalence of Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). The histiocytic disease is more likely to be overlooked clinically especially in this group owing to its rarity and is diagnosed mainly with the help of histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. The median age of presentation was higher for R group patients, while there was tendency for JXG to present at a later age compared to the published reports. Intraocular involvement was extremely rare. All L group cases were strictly unilateral disease, while RDD (C group) was most commonly bilateral. Future research on the genetic aspects, management, and prognosis are necessary.

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Conjunctival Lesions: A 5-Year Basic Demographic Data and Clinicopathological Review in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health ◽

10.1007/s44197-021-00017-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hind M. Alkatan ◽

Khalid M. Alshomar ◽

Hala A. Helmi ◽

Wajda M. Alhothali ◽

Abdulaziz M. Alshalan

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Care Center ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Adult Males ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Malignant Lesions

Abstract Background Conjunctival lesions are common with a wide spectrum of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Few histopathological studies have been conducted on conjunctival lesions with variable designs and results. Our aim in this study is to provide information on common conjunctival lesions seen in an ophthalmology tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective, observational study of all consecutive conjunctival tissue specimens sent for histopathological assessment to the pathology department from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and the histopathological slides were reviewed by a single pathologist. Results A total of 110 conjunctival specimens from 108 patients were included (mean age: 53 years, 67 males and 43 females). Bilateral involvement was mostly found in inflammatory lesions (40%). Most lesions were benign (91%), with a significantly longer duration of symptoms in malignant lesions (p = 0.036*). The clinical diagnosis matched the final histopathological diagnosis in 75.5% of the total specimens. The most frequent category of benign lesions was fibrodegenerative and proliferative lesions (53.6%), with a significantly higher prevalence among adult males (p < 0.001). Melanocytic lesions were more common in children (33.3%) than adults (9.8%), and the mean age of children was significantly lower (p = 0.013). The most frequent malignant lesion was ocular surface squamous neoplasia (50%), with equal prevalence among males and females. The overall outcome was favorable in 89.4% and unfavorable in 10.6%, mostly due to surgical complications, further progression of the lesion, or recurrence. Conclusion This study shows variability in the frequency of conjunctival lesions based on gender, age, geographical, racial, and environmental factors. There has been a shift in the gender-based prevalence of ocular squamous neoplasia over the last three decades, probably due to a change in lifestyle.

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A clinicopathological study of masses of nasal cavity paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20170946 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 253

Author(s):

Rajat Sharma ◽

Dimple Sahni ◽

Kuljeet Uppal ◽

Rajeev Gupta ◽

Gifty Singla

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Benign Lesion ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Radiological Findings ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Road Map ◽

Neoplastic Lesion ◽

Nasopharyngeal Masses

Background: A variety of inflammatory, non neoplastic and neoplastic masses involving nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx are commonly encountered in ENT clinics. The objective was to study the demographic profile, clinical presentation, radiological findings and its correlation with the histopathological findings of masses of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. Methods: The study was conducted on patients having sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses admitted in dept of ENT, GMC, Patiala from August 2014 to July 2016. The study was designed to evaluate demographic distribution, clinicopathological features, radiological findings of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses and to evaluate the correlation of clinical and radiological findings with histopathological diagnosis. Results: Analysis of 50 cases of masses in nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx was done. Male to female ratio was 1.38:1. The commonest site was nasal cavity followed by paranasal sinuses. Nasal polyp was the most common non-neoplastic lesion. Among the neoplastic lesions studied, inverted papilloma was the most common benign lesion and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion observed. Conclusions: For proper evaluation of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses, clinical, radiological and histopathological evaluation should be done in all patients. Although radiology provides a road map to endoscopic surgeons for any existing or impending complications but histopathology always gives a confirmatory diagnosis.

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Tracheostomy at a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh: any change in pattern?

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v25i1.33958 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

Debesh Chandra Talukdar ◽

Mashuque Mahamud ◽

Sharfuddin Mahmud ◽

Md Shaikhul Islam ◽

DGM Akaiduzzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Prolonged Intubation ◽

Medical College ◽

Emergency Tracheostomy ◽

Level Hospital

Objective: This study was conducted on tracheostomy to find out the different indications and complications occured at the tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Study design: Cross-sectional observational study.Place and Duration: This study was conducted at the department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck surgery and department of ICU, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka & DMCH over one year from January 2014 to December 2014.Methodology: 55 tracheostomy operation were performed in both genders and all age groups either in emergency situations or within an elective environment. All the patients were registered with a definite protocol by filling a pre designed proforma equipped with demographic data, details of present illness mirroring the indication for the procedure, relevant physical examination & investigations, details of the surgical procedure of tracheostomy and postoperative follow up with note of any attendant complications described as immediate, early and late postoperative.Results: Mean age of this study was 40.09 years and male female ratio iwas 3.2: 1. 30(54.54%) patients underwent emergency tracheostomy and 25(45.46%) underwent tracheostomy electively. The commonest indications were laryngeal & hypopharyngeal malignancies which affected 28(50.9%) patients. The overall rate of complications was 25.45%. These were 4(28.57%) immediate post operative, 8(57.14%) early post operative and 2(3.63%) late post operative. Out of overall 14 complications, 11(36.66%) complications occurred in 40 patients who underwent tracheostomy in emergency and 3(12%) complications occurred in 25 patients who underwent tracheostomy electively.Conclusion: Upper airway obstruction due to laryngeal and hypopharyngal carcinoma still remains the most common indication for tracheostomy in our centre but prolonged intubation as an indication for tracheostomy is evolving based on recent improvement in the facilities available at our ICU.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 25, No.1, April, 2016, Page 67-71

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Diagnostic Significance of Clinicopathological Concordance in Various Spectrums of Skin Disorders

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v5i1.29633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 955-959

Author(s):

Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle ◽

Dilip Chaudhary ◽

Sabrina Yamu Sabrina Yamu ◽

Krishna Jha

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Gender ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Disease Category ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skin Biopsies

Introduction: Wide spectrums of skin disorders exist in the world. Skin biopsy is a proven method for allying the dermatologist in overcoming the diagnostic dilemmas that occur in consultations. The different level of clinicopathological concordance, either full or partial and discordant study may reflect the agreement between the clinicians and pathologists for diagnosing spectrum of skin disorders. Objectives: To analyze the histopathological spectrum of skin diseases emphasizing on the diagnostic significance of its clinicopathological concordance. Methodology: This is a prospective cross sectional hospital based study of skin biopsies obtained in the Department of Pathology, at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital from Dec 2016 to Jan 2020. Demographic data, nature of lesions, correlation between clinicopathological concordance and histopathological diagnosis were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Result: Among 111 skin biopsies, female gender of 19-39 years age groups was predominant. The commonest histopathological diagnosis of skin biopsies was under infectious and bacterial origin category (24.3%) reflecting non-neoplastic nature mostly. The overall clinicopathological concordant was 78.38% (fully concordant 27.93% and partially concordant 50.45%) and discordant 21.62%. Nature of lesions was strongly correlated (p<0.05) with age group, while it was weak with gender. However, the relationship was very strong between histopathological diagnosis and clinicopathological concordance (p<0.05%). Conclusion: Findings suggest that the clinicopathological concordance correlated well in histopathologically diagnosed disease category of skin disorders. This reflects the high diagnostic value of histopathological examinations for diagnosing different spectrum of skin disorders.

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Orbital trapdoor fractures: different clinical profiles between adult and paediatric patients

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310890 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 885-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yasuhiro Takahashi ◽

Maria Suzanne Sabundayo ◽

Hidetaka Miyazaki ◽

Hidenori Mito ◽

Hirohiko Kakizaki

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Fracture Pattern ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Infraorbital Nerve ◽

Late Adulthood ◽

Surgical Reduction ◽

Paediatric Patients

BackgroundTo compare clinical findings of orbital trapdoor fractures between adult and paediatric patients.MethodsPaediatric patients were categorised into two groups by age: children (0–9 years) and adolescents (10–19 years). Adult patients were categorised into two groups by age: early (20–44 years) and middle-late adulthood (≥45 years). Demographic data, ocular and periocular complications, CT findings and binocular single vision field (BSVF) were compared among age groups.ResultsThis study included 105 patients (105 sides, 22 children, 59 adolescents, 14 patients in early adulthood and 10 patients in middle-late adulthood). In patients with fractures of the orbital floor and medial wall, both walls presented as trapdoor fractures in paediatric patients, while one wall presented as a non-trapdoor fracture in adult patients (p=0.061). None of the adult patients showed extraocular muscle incarceration, whereas this was present in 8 of 22 children (36.4%) and 7 of 59 adolescents (11.9%) (p=0.005). Hypoesthesia of the infraorbital nerve more frequently occurred in adults (p=0.004). As the preoperative BSVF was larger in adult than in paediatric patients (p=0.007), the percentage of adult patients who underwent surgical reduction of orbital fractures tended to be lower (p=0.058). Postoperative change in BSVF was smaller in adult patients (p=0.005).ConclusionsFracture pattern, type of incarcerated tissue and incidence of hypoesthesia of the infraorbital nerve were different between adult and paediatric patients. Adult patients had a larger preoperative BSVF and less need for surgical reduction; however, there was less improvement in postoperative BSVF.

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Eosinophil Count Variation among Histopathological Features of Appendectomy Specimens at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v5i2.31414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1104-1109

Author(s):

Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle ◽

Mrinalini Singh ◽

Neeta Kafle ◽

Amrita Sinha

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Eosinophil Count ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

College Teaching ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gold Standard Method ◽

Medical College

Introduction: The histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is the gold standard method for diagnosis. The presence of eosinophil besides other inflammatory cells like neutrophils and mature lymphocytes within different histological layers of appendectomy specimens are common findings for labeling it under various groups. This finding supports the assumption that appendicitis is triggered by Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Objective: To evaluate the eosinophil count variation in appendectomy specimens in patients with the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. Methodology: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 144 appendectomy specimens obtained in Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Socio-demographic data, association of histopathological patterns with age groups, gender and eosinophil count in various histopathological groups was compared and cross-tabulated using SPSS version 16. Result: Among 144 appendectomy specimens, male gender (50.70%) of 15-24 years age group (36.80%) was predominant. The commonest histopathological diagnosis was acute appendicitis (31.25%) with highest eosinophil count in all of its histological layers. The association of various histopathological patterns with age groups and gender were not statistically significant, whereas it revealed statistically significant correlation between eosinophil counts in all histological layers. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the eosinophil count variation in the entire histological layers correlate well among different histopathological patterns of appendectomy specimens. This reflects the high diagnostic value of evaluating the eosinophil count in appendectomy specimens.

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The types, incidence and demographic distribution of benign oral and maxillofacial neoplasms among patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania, 2008-2013

Tanzania Journal of Health Research ◽

10.4314/thrb.v18i2.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jeremiah R. Moshy ◽

Karpal S. Sohal

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Ossifying Fibroma ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Muhimbili National Hospital ◽

National Hospital ◽

Maxillofacial Region ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Region ◽

Histological Results ◽

Demographic Distribution

Background: Pathological processes of oral and maxillofacial region are generally classified as benign or malignant based on specific histological criteria, including the presence or absence of necrosis, mitotic figures as well as basic understanding of the entity. The objective of this study was to determine the types, prevalence and demographic distribution of benign oral and maxillofacial tumours among patients treated at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania.Methods: In this retrospective study, data on histological results of lesions of the oral and maxillofacial region were retrieved from the archives at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Muhimbili National Hospital were analysed. The tumour type, age, sex, file number and histopathological diagnosis of the patient were recorded. The study covered a period of from January 2008 to December 2013. The top ten lesions with higher frequency of occurrence from January to were picked for analysis.Results: A total of 897 (males=388; females=509) histological results of patients with benign oral and maxillofacial lesions were obtained during the period under review. The age ranged from 0 to 88 years, mean age being 32.63 ± 17.1 while the age group of 20-29 and 30-39 were the most affected. A total of 136 different types of benign lesions were reported and ameloblastoma was the most common benign lesion (27.4%) followed by ossifying fibroma (18.7%), pyogenic granuloma (11.4%), pleomorphic adenoma (10.0%), and fibrous dysplasia (9.6%). Females were more affected than males, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.4 however the difference was statistically insignificant (p= 0.055).Conclusion: Ameloblastoma and ossifying fibroma were the most common oral and maxillo-facia neoplasms at Muhimbili National Hospital. The young age groups were the most affected by these lesions.

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