scholarly journals Diagnostic Significance of Clinicopathological Concordance in Various Spectrums of Skin Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 955-959
Author(s):  
Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle ◽  
Dilip Chaudhary ◽  
Sabrina Yamu Sabrina Yamu ◽  
Krishna Jha
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Introduction: Wide spectrums of skin disorders exist in the world. Skin biopsy is a proven method for allying the dermatologist in overcoming the diagnostic dilemmas that occur in consultations. The different level of clinicopathological concordance, either full or partial and discordant study may reflect the agreement between the clinicians and pathologists for diagnosing spectrum of skin disorders. Objectives: To analyze the histopathological spectrum of skin diseases emphasizing on the diagnostic significance of its clinicopathological concordance. Methodology: This is a prospective cross sectional hospital based study of skin biopsies obtained in the Department of Pathology, at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital from Dec 2016 to Jan 2020. Demographic data, nature of lesions, correlation between clinicopathological concordance and histopathological diagnosis were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Result: Among 111 skin biopsies, female gender of 19-39 years age groups was predominant. The commonest histopathological diagnosis of skin biopsies was under infectious and bacterial origin category (24.3%) reflecting non-neoplastic nature mostly. The overall clinicopathological concordant was 78.38% (fully concordant 27.93% and partially concordant 50.45%) and discordant 21.62%. Nature of lesions was strongly correlated (p<0.05) with age group, while it was weak with gender. However, the relationship was very strong between histopathological diagnosis and clinicopathological concordance (p<0.05%). Conclusion: Findings suggest that the clinicopathological concordance correlated well in histopathologically diagnosed disease category of skin disorders. This reflects the high diagnostic value of histopathological examinations for diagnosing different spectrum of skin disorders.

Eosinophil Count Variation among Histopathological Features of Appendectomy Specimens at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109
Author(s):  
Santosh Upadhyaya Kafle ◽  
Mrinalini Singh ◽  
Neeta Kafle ◽  
Amrita Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: The histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is the gold standard method for diagnosis. The presence of eosinophil besides other inflammatory cells like neutrophils and mature lymphocytes within different histological layers of appendectomy specimens are common findings for labeling it under various groups. This finding supports the assumption that appendicitis is triggered by Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.  Objective: To evaluate the eosinophil count variation in appendectomy specimens in patients with the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis.  Methodology: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 144 appendectomy specimens obtained in Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Socio-demographic data, association of histopathological patterns with age groups, gender and eosinophil count in various histopathological groups was compared and cross-tabulated using SPSS version 16.  Result: Among 144 appendectomy specimens, male gender (50.70%) of 15-24 years age group (36.80%) was predominant. The commonest histopathological diagnosis was acute appendicitis (31.25%) with highest eosinophil count in all of its histological layers. The association of various histopathological patterns with age groups and gender were not statistically significant, whereas it revealed statistically significant correlation between eosinophil counts in all histological layers.  Conclusion: Findings suggest that the eosinophil count variation in the entire histological layers correlate well among different histopathological patterns of appendectomy specimens. This reflects the high diagnostic value of evaluating the eosinophil count in appendectomy specimens. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
S. M. Gamde ◽  
◽  
P. J. Tongvwam ◽  
K. Hauwa ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
North Western

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN SUB-ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Aisha Sarfaraz ◽  
Dr Abdul Azeem ◽  
Mehwish Butt ◽  
Muhammad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Stroke is a very common neurological condition affects various aspects of health. The primary objective of this study was to find out the frequency of functional disability and cognitive impairments in Sub-acute Stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 112 Sub-acute Stroke patients in Karachi, Pakistan. Using Barthel Index (BI) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test was used to find out the frequency of functional disability and cognitive impairments of Sub-acute Stroke patients. RESULTS The correlation of BI scores with MMSE scores for the Male gender was 0.576 whilst the correlation of BI scores with MMSE scores for the Female gender was 0.440. The severity of functional disability concerning age groups assessed P-value was 0.026 using Chi-Square Test. The severity of functional disability (BI severity) concerning gender, P-value was found 0.097 using the same test. CONCLUSION Functional Disability is directly linked with age. However, there was no linkage established between Cognitive Impairment and age as well as gender. On close inspection, there was a trend between Functional disability and gender but not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

Pediculosis Affects Mexican Children from Different Socioeconomic Status Equally: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M Sánchez-Casas ◽  
Ildefonso Fernández-Salas ◽  
Maricela Laguna-Aguilar ◽  
Jorge J Rodríguez-Rojas ◽  
Marcia L Medina-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Associate Risk

SUMMARY The prevalence of pediculosis in Mexican children was studied in San Nicolas and Tapachula, Mexico. A cross-sectional study included 888 students between six and 12 years old from two urban communities with an unequal socioeconomic status between September 2015 and March 2016. A Pearson χ2 and multivariate logistic analysis were carried out to associate risk factors to pediculosis. The overall prevalence of pediculosis from both localities was 23.9%. The female gender; long and medium hair; living with someone infested; previously infested by head lice and curling hair were variables linked to a significantly higher prevalence of pediculosis (p &lt; 0.01). Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed in the age groups, localities and socioeconomic status for human lice infection. Socioeconomic variables such as numbers of inhabitants, floors of house, beds and rooms; and parents’ qualification did not show a significative association for pediculosis. Health education in schools is needed for pediculosis prevention and remove the stigmatization of this disease related to poverty.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pediculosis and Its Predictors among Urban Primary School Children in Kuantan, Pahang

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rusyaidi Azali ◽  
Nor Faiza Mohd Tohit ◽  
Razman Mohd Rus
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Pediculosis Capitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis among primary school children is always known as the problem of the lower socio-economic class and rural communities. It carries significant consequences to the school children and caregivers. Limited studies have been conducted among the urban populations. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors of Pediculosis capitis among Urban primary school children in Kuantan. Materials and method: An analytical cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling was carried out in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. A selfadministered validated questionnaire was issued to the participants with purpose to collect socio-demographic data related to age, gender and factors that associated with head lice infestations among primary school children from standard one to six. It was then followed by hair and scalp examination by a well-trained examiners to check the infestation status. The results were analyzed using the chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 1347 students from 5 schools  were included in this study. Majority of them were males (53.6%), Malays (61.0%), household income between RM1000-RM2999 (32.1%). The overall prevalence was 9.1% (n=122). Multivariate analysis showed that predictors for pediculosis capitis were female gender (OR= 6.02, 95% CI= 2.97-12.21), Indian ethnicity (OR= 5.55 , 95% CI=3.26-9.45), sibling of more than 5 (OR= 2.72 , 95% CI=1.04-7.12) and contact with infested person (OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.58-3.71). Conclusion: The prevalence of Pediculosis capitis among urban primary school children in Kuantan, Pahang is endemic (9.1%) and predictors are female genders, Indian ethnicity, having siblings of more than 5 and contact with infested person. Hence, preventive measures are necessary to reduce the transmission of head lice among school children.

scholarly journals Competency framework as an instrument of support to the continued professional development of pharmacists

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stojkov ◽  
Dušanka Krajnović
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Competency Framework ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Continued Professional Development (CPD) is one of the most significant precursors to increased competency. Appropriate instruments and support are required for its implementation. This paper demonstrates the attitudes held by pharmacists on the impact of the competency framework on CPD, its acceptance among Serbian pharmacists and potential future application. Furthermore, the motivational impact of the competency framework on CPD as well as the relationship between certain demographic indicators and motivators of CPD are provided. Method. Research on the cross-sectional method throughout 2015-16 included pharmacists working in publicly-owned pharmacies. The survey was anonymous and voluntary. The questionnaires generated for this research contain demographic data on those surveyed and open-ended questions with multiple choice answers and applied a Likert-type scale. Statistical analysis was conducted by applying Microsoft Office 2003 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results. Among the respondents, the female gender dominated, respondents who had not completed a speciality within their respective field, with an average age of 42 years, and an average of approx. 15 years of service. 26.12% of the respondents had prior experience with the competency framework. Most respondents were of the opinion that these instruments motivated them to actively manage their own PD, to set concrete PD objectives and to review their own competency. Over half intend to apply competency frameworks in future. The statistical Chi-square test indicates it is not possible to determine with certainty that there are differences in terms of motivation in managing PD and in PD goal setting between the groups of variables. Conclusion. The research indicates a positive attitude/opinion of pharmacists towards the competency framework and in recognising these instruments as supportive to CPD.

scholarly journals Morbidity pattern in the school going adolescent girls of rural and urban Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Nitisha Dabas ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Khurshid Parveen ◽  
Richa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Adolescence is an intermediary phase from childhood to adulthood and is a very delicate phase of life. WHO has defined Adolescence as the period between 10-19 years of life. Among adolescents, girls constitute a more vulnerable group, particularly in developing countries, where they are traditionally married at an early age and are exposed to greater risk of reproductive morbidity and mortality. Nutritional deficiency disorders (stunting, wasting), menstrual disorders, mental health problems etc. appear as serious problem during this stage. The study was done with objective to assess the morbidity pattern in school going adolescent girls in Urban and Rural Prayagraj.Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was carried out in Prayagraj district. Study participants were 800 adolescent girls, 400 urban and 400 rural of age groups 10–19 years studying in class 6th to 12th. The data was collected by using predesigned, pretested, semi structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 version.Results: It was observed that most prevalent morbidity in rural and urban school going adolescent girls were dysmenorrhoea 381 (47.6%), pallor 296 (37%), psychological problems 325 (40.6%) and ocular diseases 191 (23.8%). Other morbidities were hypertension, dental problems, overweight/obesity, skin diseases, ear diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and injury.Conclusions: Out of 800 study participants, 275 adolescent girls were having morbidity. Significant difference in proportion of morbidities was found among rural and urban adolescent girls with ear diseases, eye diseases, pallor, dysmenorrhoea, overweight/obesity and hypertension. 

scholarly journals DETERMINAN KELUHAN GANGGUAN KULIT PADA PEMULUNG SAMPAH DI TPA KELURAHAN TERJUN KECAMATAN MEDAN MARELAN TAHUN 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Famita Rawati Siboro
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional

Skin disease is a disease related to the environment and human behavior. The incidence of skin diseases has increased because the cause of the disease is alive and breeding in landfills and poor waste collection. This is based on the environment of scavenger workers who have materials that can cause various kinds of skin disorders. Based on the results of preliminary surveys that have been carried out, the number of scavengers in the final disposal site of Kelurahan Falls is 75 people with different age characteristics, different levels of education and length of work. The problem at TPA Falls is work behavior on waste pickers. From observations from the field observations found that the scavenger working conditions in the garbage dump in the Kelurahan Falls generally suffer from skin disorders due to personal hygiene (skin, foot, nail and hand hygiene) which are not given enough attention and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that is incorrect and incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine knowledge, attitudes, actions to use personal protective equipment (PPE) and habits of personal hygiene, length of work, as well as the distance of the house from the landfill with complaints of skin disorders in the garbage scavengers in the TPA Kelurahan Falls. The research method is cross sectional which was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The research location was conducted at TPA Kelurahan Terjun, Medan Marelan Subdistrict and was conducted in February and March 2019. 75 respondents were taken using simple random sampling technique. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the study are variables that are not related to complaints of skin disorders that is length of work (P value = 0.617), while variables related to complaints of skin disorders are distance of residents' homes (P value = 0,000), non-compliance using PPE (P value = 0,000) do personal hygiene (P value = 0,000). Suggestions for scavengers to behave more clean and healthy life by maintaining health, personal hygiene and the environment, and using personal protection that must be worn at work.

scholarly journals Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines among Young Adults (18–30 Years Old): An Independent Post-Marketing Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Abanoub Riad ◽  
Andrea Pokorná ◽  
Jitka Klugarová ◽  
Natália Antalová ◽  
Lucia Kantorová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Young adults had been widely perceived as a low-risk group for COVID-19 severity; therefore, they were deprioritised within the mass vaccination strategies as their prognosis of COVID-19 infection is relatively more favourable than older age groups. On the other hand, vaccination of this demographic group is indispensable to achieve herd immunity. A cross-sectional survey-based study was used to evaluate the side effects of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines among university students in the Czech Republic. The validated questionnaire was delivered in a digital form, and it consisted of demographic data; COVID-19 vaccine-related anamnesis; and local, systemic, orofacial, and skin-related side effects’ prevalence, onset, and duration. Out of the 539 included participants, 70.1% were females and 45.8% were <23 years old. The vast majority (95.2%) reported at least one side effect. The most common side effect was injection site pain (91.8%), followed by fatigue (62.5%), headache (36.4%), and muscle pain (34.9%). The majority of local side effects occurred after both doses (74.4%), while most systemic side effects occurred after the second dose only (56.2%). Most local (94.2%) and systemic (93.3%) side effects resolved within three days after vaccination. Females participants’ adjusted odds ratio (AOR) showed they were 2.566 (CI 95%: 1.103–5.970) times more likely to experience post-vaccination side effects, and the participants who received two doses reported an increased AOR of 1.896 (0.708–5.077) for experiencing side effects. The results of this study imply that mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are highly probably safe for young adults, and further studies are required to investigate the role of medical anamnesis, prior COVID-19 infection, and gender in side effects incidence.

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