scholarly journals CURCUMA LONGA

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Naz ◽  
Faisal Irshad ◽  
Hina Mawani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Animal House

Objectives: To analyze the hepatoprotective effects of Curcuma longa (CL)against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced chemical injury in experimental rats. Study Design:Experimental study. Setting: Indus Medical College in collaboration with Animal house of SindhAgriculture University Tando Jam. Period: March 2016 to August 2016. Methodology: Sixtyadult male rats were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Rats were dividedrandomly into 3 groups – as group A. controls, group B – received CCl4 and group C- receivedCCl4 + CL orally. Blood samples were taken after 4 weeks of therapy by cardiac puncture.5μ thick liver tissue sections were stained for light microscopy examination. Analysis of datawas performed on Statistix 9.0 (USA) at statistical significance of p-value ≤ 0.5. Results: Livercell biochemical markers of injury and histopathological examination show the Curcuma longais effective against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury (P <0.05). Liver histology wasimproved by the curcuma longa therapy. Conclusion: Liver aminotransferase and histologywere improved significantly by the curcuma longa therapy in carbon tetrachloride induced liverinjury.

Association of Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Cirrhosis Presented with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134-1135
Author(s):  
M. A. Chhutto ◽  
A. H. Mugheri ◽  
A. H. Phulpoto ◽  
I. A. Ansari ◽  
A. Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Disease Study

Objective: To determine the association of adverse outcomes in term of mortality in patients with cirrhosis presented with coronavirus disease. Study Design: Retrospective/observational study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st March 2019 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and twenty covid-19 patients of both genders with or without chronic liver disease were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized in to two groups. Group A (with cirrhosis 60 patients) and group B (without cirrhosis 60 patients). Outcomes in term of mortality between both groups were examined. Results: There were 38 (63.33%) males and 22 (36.67%) were females with mean age 46.14±8.44 years in group A while in group B, 40 (66.67%) and 20 (33.33%) patients were males and females with mean age 45.26±9.34 years. Patients with cirrhosis had high mortality rate as compared to patients without cirrhosis (33.33% Vs 13.33%) with p-value 0.0001. Conclusion: A significant association of adverse outcomes was found in cirrhotic patients with coronavirus disease. Keywords: Chronic Liver Disease, Corvid-19, Mortality

scholarly journals A comparison of epidural analgesia provided by Bupivacaine plus Pethidine, Bupivacaine plus Morphine, or Bupivacaine plus Morphine plus Midazolam for lower limb Orthopaedic surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
NR Sharma ◽  
U Rai ◽  
S Panthee ◽  
P Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Anaesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Epidural Morphine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Good Patient Satisfaction

Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in orthopaedic surgeries helps to prevent thromboembolic phenomenon by increasing venodynamics. Adequate post operative analgesia with good patient satisfaction has been observed with this technique. The objective of this study was to assess the duration of postoperative analgesia and complications in patients receiving epidural anesthesia with morphine, midazolam and pethidine in combination with bupivacaine. We prospectively studied 75 Patients who were scheduled for elective lower limb orthopaedic surgery with epidural anaesthesia. This study was conducted from March 2010 to March 2012 at Lumbini Medical College Palpa. They were randomly divided by lottery method into three equal groups. Group ‘A’ (BP) received 50 mg epidural pethidine (3 ml) with 0.5 % bupivacaine 13 ml. Group ‘ B’ (BM) received 5 mg (3 ml) epidural morphine with 13 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and Group’ C’ (BMM) received 5 mg (1 ml) epidural morphine with 13 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 2 mg (2 ml) epidural midazolam. All the patients were observed for 24 hours for quality of analgesia and other side effects like nausea vomiting, and pruritus. Data were analysed by SPSS-16.0 software. The result of the study shows the duration of analgesia was prolonged in BMM group than BM, and BP group and was statistically significant (P value <0.001). Incidence of nausea and vomiting in BMM group was lower than that of BP and BM group but was statistically insignificantly (P value 0.489). Pruritus was absent in BP group and was more with BM and BMM group (P value 0.007). In conclusion the use of epidural morphine and midazolam in combination with bupivacaine is the satisfactory method of post operative analgesia. By adding midazolam, duration of analgesia can be increased with decrease in incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i1.10842 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(1): 19-21

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Oral Clonidine and Midazolam as Premedication in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Oral Clonidine ◽  
Oral Midazolam ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Background and Aim: Anxiety and fear of operation, injections, physicians, operation theatre environment and parental separation are all traumatizing experiences in children. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of oral midazolam and oral clonidine as premedication in children undergoing tonsillectomy .The preoperative sedation, anxiolytic, acceptance of mask for induction of anaesthesia, intravenous cannulation and post-operative recoverywere assessed in both groups. Methods: Aprospective randomized double blinded study of 100 patients of age group 4 -12 yrs undergoing tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were selected. They were divided into 2 groups of 50 patients each. Group A (oral clonidine) received 4 mcg/kg 90 minutes before induction. Group B (oral midazolam) received 0.5 mg/kg 90 minutes before induction. The sedation and anxiety score was noted at the time of parental separation. The reaction to IV cannulation was assessed by sedation and anxiety scoring at the same time all of them were taken under GA with controlled ventilation. The Mask acceptance was graded by 5 point scoring system .Grade 3,4 and 5 are satisfactory.They were monitored throughout the surgery for any complications. Post operative status was assessed by Modified Objective Pain score. Results: The sedation score and anxiety score at venipuncture was better with clonidine group with statistical significance (p< 0.000 and<0.003). The mask acceptance was better with clonidine group with statistical significance (p <0.000).Postoperative score was also better with clonidine group with statistical significance of p value <0.000. Conclusion: We concluded that oral clonidine and midazolam can be used as better premedicants to produce optimal sedation and emotional state.Clonidine 4 μg / kg has been shown to be a more effective premedication for children undergoing elective tonsillectomy than midazolam 0.5mg/kg

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PAIRED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-79
Author(s):  
Qamar Zia ◽  
Nighat Arif ◽  
Tahira Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Scores

Objective: To determine the effect of paired formative assessment on students’ learning. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Methodology: A total of 160 students who attended otolaryngology module were included in the study. Randomized allocation was done by computerized software programme and students were divided into 2 groups i.e. experimental (group A) and control group (group B). Later on in group A, pairing of students was done by lottery method. Group A and B were dealt with paired and individual formative assessment respectively. Effectiveness of both methods of learning was calculated on the basis of academic scores obtained in tests consisting of 20 MCQs from predefined and taught syllabus. A p-value were obtained by applying independent sample t-test and considered statistically significant at 0.05. Results: Out of 160 participants, 94 (58.7%) were females and 66 (41.3%) were males. In individual testing phase mean scores of group A was 13.36 ± 2.22 and mean scores of group B was 13.24 ± 2.5 (p 0.861). In paired formative assessment phase, mean scores of group A was 16.70 ± 1.94 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) and mean of scores of group B was 13.40 ± 2.23 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) p=0.001. Conclusion: The effectiveness of paired formative assessment. This method provides students a conducive environment to achieve learning objectives.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK AFRODISIAK EKSTRAK BIJI PINANG MUDA (Areca Catechu L) PADA TIKUS JANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Ave Olivia Rahman ◽  
Erny Kusdiyah ◽  
Herlambang Herlambang ◽  
Aldo Victoria
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Background: polyphenols and alkaloids in herbal plants could have aphrodisiac effect.  Betel nut (Areca catechu L) contain polyphenol and alkaloid. Alkaloid of betel nut has aphrodisiac effect, but also has side effect to many organs. Data of aphrodisiac effect of betel nut’s polyphenols is limited. This study aim to determine aphrodisiac effect of extraction of betel nut’s polyphenols in rats Method:  twelve rats, Sprague dawney, aged 2-3 months, weight 150-200 gram were divided into 2 group randomly. Group A were given  the extract with doses 100mg/kgWB and  group B were given extract with doses 200mg/kgWB  daily for 35 days. The aphrodisiacs effect determined by difference of mounting frequency before and after treatment. Male rats were mated with female rats which were in estrous phase and were recorded for 7 days.  Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis with p value < 0,05. Result: extract from extractio’s method that was used in this study had 39,8%(w/w) of polyphenols and 0,98% (w/w) of alkaloids. Both groups had decreasing of mounting’s frequency after treatment (p>0,05). Conclusions:  Extract of betel nut from this study had 39,8% (w/w) of polyphenols and had no aphrodisiacs effect in male rats. Keywords: Areca Catechu L, Betel nut, polyohenols, alkaloids, Rats, Aphrodisiac, Mounting.   ABSTRAK Latarbelakang: senyawa polifenol atau alkaloid suatu tanaman dapat mempunyai efek afrodisiak. Biji pinang (Areca catechu L) mempunyai kandungan polifenol dan alkaloid. Alkaloid biji pinang telah diketahui mempunyai efek afrodisiak, akan tetapi juga mempunyai banyak efek samping. Efek afrodisiak polifenol biji pinang belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek afrodisiak ekstrak polifenol biji pinang muda terhadap tikus putih. Metode: dua belas ekor tikus  Sprague dawney berumur 2-3 bulan, berat 150-200 gram dibagi secara random menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu Kelompok A diberikan ekstrak biji pinang dosis 100 mg/ kgBB, dan kelompok B diberikan dosis 200 mg/ kgBB setiap hari selama 35 hari. Efek afrodisiak dilihat dari perbedaan rerata frekuensi tunggangan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Jantan dikawinkan dengan betina fase estrus dan direkam masing-masing selama 7 hari. Uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon dengan p<0,05. Hasil: ekstrak hasil ekstraksi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mempunyai kandungan polifenol 39,8%(b/b) dan alkaloid 0,98% (b/b). Kedua kelompok terdapat penurunan rerata frekuensi  tunggangan setelah perlakuan (p >0,05). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Biji Pinang Muda pada penelitian ini mempunyai kandungan 39,8% polifenol dan tidak mempunyai efek afrodisiak  pada tikus jantan. Kata kunci:  Areca Catechu L, biji pinang, polifenol, alkaloid, tikus, afrodisiak, tunggangan

scholarly journals Haematocrit Value in Preeclampsia

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankar Kumar Basak ◽  
Kohinoor Begum ◽  
Maliha Rashid ◽  
Nahid Yasmin ◽  
Hasina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective(s): To assess the association between the haematocrit value and severity of preeclampsia.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 100 patients were studied and they were divided into two groups – group-A and group-B. Fifty preeclamptic patients were included in the group-A and 50 normal pregnant women were included in the group-B.Results: Majority of preeclamptic women (68%) and normal pregnant women (76%) were in the age group of 20-30 years with the mean ages of group-A and group-B subjects were 26.50±5.71 and 26.26±4.91 years respectively. Eighty six percent of group-A and 70% of group-B women were of lower socioeconomic status. Majority of the study subjects (74% of group-A and 80% of group-B) were housewife. More than half (54%) of the preeclamptic women were primigravid and 60% of normal pregnant women were multigravid. Among the preeclamptic subjects 16 (32%) had mild hypertension (DBP<110mmHg) and 34 (68%) had severe hypertension (DBP ? 110 mmHg). Out of 50 preeclamptic subjects 45 (90%) had severe proteinuria (+++) and only 5 (10%) had moderate (++) proteinuria.The mean haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients was 34.881±3.03 and that of normal pregnant women was 31.94±1.2. It was statistically significant (P value 0.001). The mean haematocrit value of normal pregnant, mild and severe preeclamptic women were 31.94±1.2, 33.31±2.57 and 35.62±2.95 respectively. It was also statistically significant (P value 0.001).Conclusion: This study shows that haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients is significantly higher compared to that of the normal pregnant women (P<0.05). There is a strong association of increasead haematocrit and preeclampsia.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 80-85

scholarly journals Comparison of Bier's block with Lidocaine versus Lidocaine plus Verapamil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
S Tabdar ◽  
S Lama ◽  
ER Kadariya
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: General anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia both are used for upper extremity surgeries. Bier’s Blockusing local anaesthetic alone or in combination with other adjuvants provides effective analgesia intraoperatively as wellas postoperatively with fewer complications as compared to general anaesthesia.Objective: This study was designed to compare effectiveness, haemodynamic alterations and total duration of analgesiawith Lidocaine versus Lidocaine plus Verapamil in Bier’s Block.Methods: This is a prospective randomised double blind trial conducted in Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital from February 2012 to December 2012 after approval from the ethical committee and informed consent fromthe participants. Total 40 adult patients of age 20 to 50 years, weight 50 to 70 kg, of both gender, belonging to AmericanSociety of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status I and II undergoing elective distal upper extrimity surgery lasting at one toone and half hours with Bier’s Block were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups of twentyeach to receive either 40 ml of 0.5% Lidocaine alone (Group A) or 40 ml of 0.5% Lidocaine plus 2.5 mg Verapamil (GroupB). The two groups were compared in terms of onset and recovery from sensory and motor blockade, tourniquet paintolerance time, duration of analgesia, alteration of haemodynamics and major side effects. Data analysis was done byMicrosoft Offi ce Excel 2007 [Polystat, Microsoft Offi ce Excel worksheet.XLS] using student’s two tailed t test. Categoricalparamatres were tested by Fisher Exact test and p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically signifi cant.Result: Onset of sensory blockade was faster in group B (Mean± SD: 3.07± 0.25 minutes) as compared to group A (Mean±SD: 5.59 ± 0.41 minutes). The onset of motor block in group B was 10.4 ± 0.77 minutes versus 13.17 ± 1.45 minutes ingroup A. Recovery of sensory block in group B occurred at 29.95 ± 6.96 minutes versus 11.45 ± 2.16 minutes in groupA. Similarly recovery of motor block in group B occurred in 13.6 ± 1.79 minutes versus 7.65 ± 1.04 minutes in group A.Tolerance of fi rst tourniquet pain in group B was long 41.15 ± 3.82 minutes versus 22.00 ± 2.9) minutes in group A. Secondtourniquet pain tolerance time was again longer (48.25 ± 3.96 minutes) in group B versus 28.05 ± 4.84 minutes in groupA. Total duration of analgesia was more in group B (207.25 ± 21.1 minutes) versus 32.2 ± 5.78 minutes in group A. Totalconsumption of analgesic (Tramadol) in 24 hours in group B was lesser than group A (47.5 ± 38.0 mg versus 112.5 ± 35.8mg). All these differences were signifi cant statistically (p value <0.05). Both of the groups showed stable haemodynamicparameters intraoperatively as well as postoperatively without any signifi cant adverse effects.Conclusion: Addition of Verapamil to Lidocaine was more effective than Lidocaine alone in Bier’s block.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i1.10513Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 2, No. 1, Issue 3, Jan.-Mar., 2013, Page: 12-17

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Planned repeat Caesarean Section and Unplanned Repeat Caesarean Section

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Jinnatun Nur ◽  
Rashida Khanom ◽  
Sumaya Akter
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
First Time

Repeat Caesarean section always carries more risk than first time caesarian delivery. In our country, antenatal care is always neglected. When this negligence occurs during subsequent pregnancy who had already goes on Caesarean section for the first pregnancy. In our study, we try to compare between the planned and unplanned repeat Caesarean section. The study was carried out at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh and Amina Nursing Home at Charpara Mymensingh. This was a retrospective case control study, There were 100 patients in Group: A, (Planned repeat Caesarean section), Group B was also consisted with 100 patients (Unplanned repeat Caesarean section). Odd ratio was measured. Odd ratio between group; A and Group: B was 2.8. The two groups were compared by their age and independent t test was carried out. Group: A. Mean ± SD 25.76 ± 4.461Group: B. Mean ± SD = 26.12 ± 5.513. By pair independent t test: P value: .076ns. So we can conclude that regular antenatal Check up is mandatory for those whose 1st delivery was conducted by Caesarean section irrespective of age and economical status.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 57-61

scholarly journals A comparative study to determine the role of pre and post-operative antibiotic therapy versus only pre-operative antibiotic therapy in patients of non-perforated acute appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3305
Author(s):  
Goutam K. Chowdegowda ◽  
Satya V. Arya ◽  
Ashok K. Sharma ◽  
Dheer Singh Kalwaniya ◽  
Jaspreet Singh Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The People ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: If properly used in appendicitis, antibiotics can reduce the rate of infection by 50%. The use of post-operative antibiotics for preventing infective complications in non-perforated cases is still controversial.Methods: A randomised prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi with patients who presented acute appendicitis. A minimum number of 30 patients each in group A (pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics) and group B (only pre-operative antibiotics) were evaluated for 18 months, from January 2018 to June 2019.Results: The mean age of group A is 29.9±15.16 years and in group B is 25.97±9.470 years (p value=0.122, insignificant). There was male preponderance. The seroma formation in both the groups was 10.00% and no patients developed intra-abdominal abscess. The incidence of local site oedema was 10% in both the groups A and B and their p value is insignificant. In both the groups A and B, 10% of the people developed pus discharge from the stitch line and the p value is insignificant. In group A, 6.67% of the patients and in group B 10.00% of the patients developed stitch line inflammatory changes and the p value insignificant. In group A, 13.3% and in group B, 10.00% of the patients developed fever and their p value is 1. The mean length of hospital in case 1.23±0.5 days (group A) and is 1.17±0.45 days (group B) (p value=0.508).Conclusions: Hence we can conclude that a well-chosen and adequately-timed pre-operative antibiotics are adequate in preventing post-operative complications and post-operative antibiotics do not affect the same.

scholarly journals The Effects of Lamotrigine on Fetus Resorption and Histologic Changes in Cranium of Fetus of Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Nadeemuddin Shaikh ◽  
Abdullah Khilji ◽  
Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi ◽  
Bushra Begum Ramejo ◽  
Hafsa Shafqat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Experimental Animal Study ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group B ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Histologic Changes

Background: Lamotrigine is a member of antiepileptic drugs, it belongs to the sodium channel blocking agent’s class and it is pregnancy category C drug. While its teratogenic effects are not hidden by the doctors but it is the preferred drug being prescribed in pregnancy. The current study aims to investigate the effects of fetus resorption and histologic changes in cranium of fetus of albino mice and to compare their weight changes due to lamotrigine therapy. Methodology: It was an experimental animal study conducted in collaboration of anatomy and surgery department at animal house of University of Lahore in 2019. The duration of study was 25 days, twenty-four albino mice (12 males and 12 females) were placed in conventional cages in pairs for mating purpose. Female mice Group A, controls in which normal saline was administered intraperitoneally on 10th day of gestation and Group B, in which lamotrigine was given intraperitoneally on the 10th day at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Maternal health was monitored daily during the intervention. Body weight, food and water consumption, and changes in general health, behavior, activity and any sign of toxicity were checked daily. After 18th day the pregnant mice were sacrificed under euthanasia and fetuses were removed and histologic assessment was carried out. Results: Weight of mice treated with lamotrigine decreased significantly (p-value=0.03) and fetus resorptions were also more (p-value=0.013) in Group B. Histologic assessment reveled that there were cleft of lip and palate in group B. Conclusion: Lamotrigine increased the fetal resorption and decrease the weight and seemed to be responsible for inducing cleft of lip and palate at 10mg/kg dose in albino mice.

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