Frequency of wound infection in children undergoing appendectomy for acute versus perforated appendicitis.

Background: Appendicitis remains a common indication for urgent surgical intervention in pediatric age group. Acute appendicitis has the highest incidence during the second decade of life. When the diagnosis is performed, perforation could be already present in 30%-75% of children, with young children being at higher risk. The challenge for the practitioner is to perform a timely diagnosis of acute appendicitis in first years of life before complications occur.Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted with sample size of 108. The patients diagnosed and operated for acute appendicitis using Alvarado score were correlated with intra operative findings.Results: Total 108 patients with median age of 11 (IQR 9–13) years, were included in the study in which 66% were male. Overall 18% (95% CI 11%-25%) had perforated appendix and 5% (95% CI 2%-11%) had appendicitis with abscess. Male gender, patients presenting with fever, guarding, rigidity and patients presenting 48 hours after developing symptoms, had higher chance of perforation. Mean count of WBC (17000 v/s 11000) and neutrophils (75% v/s 68%) were found to be higher in patients with perforated appendicitis.Conclusions: One-fifth of the pediatric appendicitis patients presenting in tertiary care patients had perforated appendicitis.

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Prevalence of Depression and its Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences ◽

10.37107/jhas.186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Divya Rayamajhi ◽

Shreejana Wagle ◽

Arun Karki

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Condition ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Mental health and physical health are association with each other’s: poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical condition and it significantly impact on people’s quality of life. The social determinants of health impact on both chronic physical condition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence sub-clinical depression and factors associated with depression among the hypertensive out patients’ department ofhospitals in Pokhara. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 215 hypertensive patient visiting OPD ward of selected hospitals of Pokhara Metropolitan City. Depression levels were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-Ia (BDI) scale. Demographics and risk factors were assessed. Systematic random sampling was conducted for selecting hospitals and proportionate random sampling technique was used to make the sample representative of hospitals. Results: Out of the total 215 hypertensive patients and around fifty-nine percentage were males and the mean age of respondents is 52 +12.04 years. Around one-third of the hypertensive patients had depression. The mean BDI-Ia score for depression status having respondent was 16.88±16.45. Conclusions: This study provides the evidence of depression is associate with hypertensive patient’s socio-demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, employment and income and behavioral factors. Hypertensive patients should be encouraged to increase their physical activities and family support.

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Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Usia Menarche pada Siswi SMP Negeri 1 Padang

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v5i3.575 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmat Nurul Yuda Putra ◽

Ermawati Ermawati ◽

Arni Amir

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

Age Of Menarche

AbstrakBeberapa dekade terakhir ini, telah terjadi kecenderungan onset menarche dini yang dikaitkan dengan nutrisi yang lebih baik. Penelitian yang telah ada menemukan penurunan usia menarche yang diiringi oleh peningkatan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) yang terjadi dalam 25 tahun terakhir. Onset menarche yang lebih cepat juga ditemukan pada anak yang gemuk dibandingkan yang kurus. IMT rendah menunjukkan tidak terpenuhinya nutrisi yang dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan tumbuh–kembang anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan IMT dengan usia menarche. Penelitian cross-sectional study ini dilakukan terhadap 77 siswi yang dipilih melalui teknik proportional random sampling dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang telah terkumpul lalu dianalisis dengan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil studi ini adalah rata-rata IMT 19,93 (±3,162) kg/m2dan rata-rata usia menarche adalah 11,75 tahun dengan usia termuda 9 tahun dan tertua 14 tahun. Ditemukan adanya hubungan antara IMT dengan usia menarche dengan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05) dan r=-0,429. Kesimpulan studi ini ialah semakin tinggi IMT, maka semakin cepat terjadi menarche.Kata kunci: IMT, usia menarche, menarche AbstractThe last decades, there has been a trend of earlier onset of menarche is associated with better nutrition. Several studies have found a decrease in age of menarche is accompanied by an increase in Basal Metabolism Index (BMI). Rapid onset of menarche also found in obese children than lean. Low BMI show no fulfillment of nutrients that can affect the growth and development speed in children. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI with age at menarche. This cross sectional study was conducted on 77 female students who were selected through proportional random sampling technique. The data was collected by questionnaires and interviews, than was analyzed by Spearman correlation test. The results of this study was the average BMI 19.93 (±3.162) kg / m2, and the average age of menarche was 11.75 years with 9 years old as the youngest and the oldest 14 years. There is a correlation between BMI at the age at menarche, with p value=0.000 (p<0.01) and r=-0.429. The conclusion is a higher BMI could cause more rapidly menarche.Keywords: BMI, age at menarche, menarche

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Effect of Community-Based Intervention (Pregnant Women’s Conference) on Institutional Delivery in Ethiopia

10.5772/intechopen.97315 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melash Belachew Asresie ◽

Gizachew Worku Dagnew

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Institutional Delivery ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Danger Signs ◽

The Government

Institutional delivery is the foundation for diminishing maternal mortality. Evidence showed that community-based behavioral change interventions are increasing institutional delivery in developing countries. By understanding this, the government of Ethiopia launched a community-based intervention called “pregnant women’s conferences” to improve institutional delivery. This study was conducted to assess its effectiveness on institutional delivery among 871 women who gave birth within the last 12 months (435: pregnant women’s conference attendants and 436: pregnant women’s conference non-attendants) in 2017. It was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study and participants were selected using a multistage-simple random sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The result showed that institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conferences was 54.3% (95%CI: 49.9–59.1), higher compared with 39.9% (95%CI: 35.3%- 44.7%) of women who did not attend the conference. Likewise, the level of well-preparedness for birth was higher among women who attended the conference (P = 38.9%, 95%CI: 33.8–43.7), compared with their counterparts (P = 25.7%, 95% CI: 22.2–29.4). Similarly, women’s knowledge of obstetric danger signs was higher among women who attended the conference. Therefore, encouraging pregnant women to attend the conference should be strengthened.

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HIPERTENSI PADA PEKERJA TERPAPAR BISING DI PT INDONESIA POWER UBP BALI 2015

ARCHIVE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH ◽

10.24843/ach.2019.v06.i01.p06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Putu Ardiya Suginama ◽

I Made Kerta Duana

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Power Plants ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sound Level ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRAK Hipertensi adalah salah satu gangguan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah paparan bising. Tenaga kerja di unit pembangkit listrik merupakan salah satu profesi yang berisiko mengalami hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian hipertensi berdasarkan karakteristik (umur, pendidikan dan masa kerja), kepatuhan penggunaan APT, jarak paparan dan paparan bising. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simpel random sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 79 tenaga kerja di PT Indonesia Power UBP Bali. Alat yang digunakan tediri dari kuisioner, sphygmomanometer, dan sound level meter. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriftif dengan menggunakan tabel distribusi yang disertai dengan penjelasan pada tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian hipertensi lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok umur ?40 tahun (47,2%), responden dengan pendidikan tinggi (44,4%), masa kerja ?5 tahun (51,9%), responden yang tidak patuh dalam menggunakan alat pelindung telinga (83,3%), responden yang bekerja pada radius I dan II (43,6%), dan pada paparan bising lebih dari atau sama dengan 85 dB(A) (45,8%). Kejadian hipertensi lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada kelompok umur ?40 tahun (p=0,028), masa kerja ?5 tahun (p=0.004), responden yang tidak patuh dalam penggunaan alat pelindung telinga (p=0,000) %), responden yang bekerja pada radius I dan II (p=0.008), dan pada paparan bising lebih dari atau sama dengan 85 dB(A) (p=0,000). Sedangkan tingkat pendidikan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian hipertensi (p=0,082). Perusahaan harus lebih meningkatkan pengendalian kebisingan baik pada sumber kebisingan (sillincer atau barrier), maupun pada penerima (penggunaan APT, meminimalisir faktor risiko hipertensi lainnya) Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Paparan Bising, Pembangkit Listrik ABSTRACT Hypertension is one of the health problems caused by various factors, one of which is noise exposure. Labor in power generation units is a profession that is at risk of experiencing hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the incidence of hypertension based on characteristics (age, education and years of service), compliance with the use of APT, exposure distance and noise exposure. The research design used was cross sectional study. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling, with a total sample of 79 workers at PT Indonesia Power UBP Bali. The tools used consist of questionnaires, sphygmomanometers, and sound level meters. Data analysis was carried out descriptive using a distribution table accompanied by an explanation in the table. The results showed that the incidence of hypertension was more often found in the age group ?40 years (47.2%), respondents with higher education (44.4%), tenure of ?5 years (51.9%), respondents who were not compliant in using ear protection (83.3%), respondents who worked at radius I and II (43.6%), and at noise exposure more than or equal to 85 dB (A) (45.8%). The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the age group ?40 years (p = 0.028), work period ?5 years (p = 0.004), respondents who were not compliant in the use of ear protection equipment (p = 0,000)%), respondents who worked at radius I and II (p = 0.008), and at noise exposure more than or equal to 85 dB (A) (p = 0,000). While the level of education did not show a significant difference in the incidence of hypertension (p = 0.082). Companies must further improve noise control both at the source of noise (sillincer or barrier), and at the recipient (use of APT, minimizing other risk factors for hypertension). Keywords: Hypertension, Noise Exposure, Power Plants

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Nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, a comparative cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.2.10457/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Berhanu Elfu Feleke ◽

Teferi Elfu Feleke ◽

Fantahun Biadglegne

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Response Rate ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Will

Abstract Background Each year, more than 13.7 million people became an active case of tuberculosis and more than 1.5 million cases of TB patient will die. The association between TB and malnutrition is bi-directional, TB leads the patient to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases the risk of developing active TB by 6 to 10 times. Improving the nutrition of individual greatly reduces tuberculosis. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional status and determinants of underweight among TB patients.Methods A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented. The sample size was calculated using 95% CI, 90% power, the prevalence of malnutrition in TB patients 50%, TB patients to TB free resident ratio of 3, the design effect of 2 and a 5% non-response rate. Systematic random sampling was used to select TB patients and simple random sampling technique was used to select TB free residents. The data were collected from July 2015- May 2018. The data were collected by interviewing the patient, measuring anthropometric indicators and collecting the stool and blood samples. The data were entered into the computer using Epi-info software and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to find the proportion of malnutrition. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of malnutrition.Results A total of 5045 study participants (1681 TB patients and 3364 TB free residents) were included giving for the response rate of 93.1%. The prevalence of underweight among TB patients was 57.17% (95% CI: 54.80%, -59.54%) and 88.52% of TB patients were anemic. The prevalence of malnutrition (underweight) among TB free residents was 23.37% (95% CI: 21.93-24.80). The nutritional status of TB patients was determined by site of infection AOR: 0.68 [0.49-0.94], sex of the patient AOR: 0.39 [0.25-0.56], residence AOR: 3.84 [2.74-5.54], intestinal parasite infection AOR: 7 [5.2-9.95], problematic alcohol use AOR: 1.52 [1.17-2.13].Conclusion High proportions of TB patients were malnourished. TB patients were highly susceptible to malnutrition and even a very distal reason for malnutrition in the community became a proximal cause for TB patients.

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Nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, a comparative cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.2.10457/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Berhanu Elfu Feleke ◽

Teferi Elfu Feleke ◽

Fantahun Biadglegne

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Response Rate ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Will

Abstract Background Each year, more than 13.7 million people became an active case of tuberculosis and more than 1.5 million cases of TB patient will die. The association between TB and malnutrition is bi-directional, TB leads the patient to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases the risk of developing active TB by 6 to 10 times. Improving the nutrition of individual greatly reduces tuberculosis. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional status and determinants of underweight among TB patients.Methods A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented. The sample size was calculated using 95% CI, 90% power, the prevalence of malnutrition in TB patients 50%, TB patients to TB free resident ratio of 3, the design effect of 2 and a 5% non-response rate. Systematic random sampling was used to select TB patients and simple random sampling technique was used to select TB free residents. The data were collected from July 2015- May 2018. The data were collected by interviewing the patient, measuring anthropometric indicators and collecting the stool and blood samples. The data were entered into the computer using Epi-info software and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to find the proportion of malnutrition. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of malnutrition.Results A total of 5045 study participants (1681 TB patients and 3364 TB free residents) were included giving for the response rate of 93.1%. The prevalence of underweight among TB patients was 57.17% (95% CI: 54.80%, -59.54%) and 88.52% of TB patients were anemic. The prevalence of malnutrition (underweight) among TB free residents was 23.37% (95% CI: 21.93-24.80). The nutritional status of TB patients was determined by site of infection AOR: 0.68 [0.49-0.94], sex of the patient AOR: 0.39 [0.25-0.56], residence AOR: 3.84 [2.74-5.54], intestinal parasite infection AOR: 7 [5.2-9.95], problematic alcohol use AOR: 1.52 [1.17-2.13].Conclusion High proportions of TB patients were malnourished. TB patients were highly susceptible to malnutrition and even a very distal reason for malnutrition in the community became a proximal cause for TB patients.

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Nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, a comparative cross-sectional study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12890-019-0953-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Berhanu Elfu Feleke ◽

Teferi Elfu Feleke ◽

Fantahun Biadglegne

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Response Rate ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Will

Abstract Background Each year, more than 13.7 million people became an active case of tuberculosis and more than 1.5 million cases of TB patient will die. The association between TB and malnutrition is bi-directional, TB leads the patient to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases the risk of developing active TB by 6 to 10 times. Improving the nutrition of individual greatly reduces tuberculosis. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional status and determinants of underweight among TB patients. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented. The sample size was calculated using 95% CI, 90% power, the prevalence of malnutrition in TB patients 50%, TB patients to TB free resident ratio of 3, the design effect of 2 and a 5% non-response rate. Systematic random sampling was used to select TB patients and simple random sampling technique was used to select TB free residents. The data were collected from July 2015–May 2018. The data were collected by interviewing the patient, measuring anthropometric indicators and collecting the stool and blood samples. The data were entered into the computer using Epi-info software and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to find the proportion of malnutrition. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of malnutrition. Results A total of 5045 study participants (1681 TB patients and 3364 TB free residents) were included giving for the response rate of 93.1%. The prevalence of underweight among TB patients was 57.17% (95% CI: 54.80, − 59.54%) and 88.52% of TB patients were anemic. The prevalence of malnutrition (underweight) among TB free residents was 23.37% (95% CI: 21.93–24.80). The nutritional status of TB patients was determined by site of infection AOR: 0.68 [0.49–0.94], sex of the patient AOR: 0.39 [0.25–0.56], residence AOR: 3.84 [2.74–5.54], intestinal parasite infection AOR: 7 [5.2–9.95], problematic alcohol use AOR: 1.52 [1.17–2.13]. Conclusion High proportions of TB patients were malnourished. TB patients were highly susceptible to malnutrition and even a very distal reason for malnutrition in the community became a proximal cause for TB patients.

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GAMBARAN INDIKASI PENCABUTAN GIGI DALAM PERIODE GIGI BERCAMPUR PADA SISWA SMP NEGERI 1 LANGOWAN

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.2.2.2014.5828 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Inka J. Fenanlampir ◽

Ni Wayan Mariati ◽

Bernat Hutagalung

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Stratified Random Sampling ◽

Tooth Root ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Supernumerary Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract: Tooth extraction is a process of alveolar dental expenditure, where the tooth is already not possible care anymore. Tooth period is a period of transition when mixed with the date and time of the growth of baby teeth and permanent teeth is considered as vulnerable age and become determinants The purpose of this study was to describe the periods of tooth indication at mixed period on student of SMP Negeri 1 Langowan. Descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 257 students was employed using stratified random sampling technique. The results showed that students who have an indication of tooth extraction on the persistence of mixed tooth period is about 36 students (14%) and students who have dental caries which is an indication of the revocation period is relatively large mixed with 149 students (57.9%). Remained tooth root as indicative of the rest of the students in the revocation mixed period with relatively small teeth it about149 students (25.2%) and the percentage of supernumerary teeth is an indication of the students in the revocation period is relatively small mixed is about 7 students (2.7 %). Keywords: indication of tooth extraction, tooth mixed period. Abstrak: Pencabutan gigi merupakan suatu proses pengeluaran gigi dari alveolus, dimana pada gigi tersebut sudah tidak dapat dilakukan perawatan lagi. Periode gigi bercampur yaitu masa peralihan saat tanggalnya gigi susu dan saat tumbuhnya gigi tetap dan merupakan usia yang dianggap rawan dan penentu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran indikasi pencabutan gigi dalam periode gigi bercampur pada siswa SMP Negeri 1 Langowan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 257 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik Stratified random sampling.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang memiliki indikasi pencabutan gigi persistensi pada periode gigi bercampur sebesar 36 siswa (14%) dan siswa yang memiliki gigi karies yang merupakan indikasi pencabutan pada periode gigi bercampur sebesar yaitu 149 siswa (57,9%). Pada persentase sisa akar yang merupakan indikasi pencabutan pada siswa dalam periode gigi bercampur yaitu sebesar 149 siswa (25,2%) dan persentase supernumerary teeth yang merupakan indikasi pencabutan pada siswa dalam periode gigi bercampur sebesar 7 siswa (2,7%). Kata kunci: indikasi pencabutan gigi, periode gigi bercampur

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Insight and educational intervention concerning hepatitis among roadside barbers and their clients in Karachi, Pakistan

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.2290 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (02) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anjum Shahid ◽

Sadia Nasim ◽

Ashfaque Ahmed Memon

Keyword(s):

Educational Intervention ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

Vaccination Rates ◽

Anonymous Questionnaire ◽

Intervention Session

Introduction: This study aimed to determine perceptions of hepatitis and make available an educational intervention session regarding the infection among roadside barbers and their clients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study using convenience random sampling technique was conducted on all barbers and one each of their clients during January to June, 2011, in Karachi, Pakistan. After informed consent was taken and confidentiality ensured, respondents answered an anonymous questionnaire of closed-ended questions regarding hepatitis. The interview was followed by an educational intervention session. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: About 51% and 32% of the barbers and clients respectively had knowledge regarding hepatitis. Razors were recognized as agents for transmitting the infection by 12% and 42% of the barbers and clients respectively. Most (96%) barbers disinfected the razor before use and 49% of the clients confirmed that the razor was sterilized before shaving, while 79% insisted on new blade. Though 50% and 30% of the barbers and clients respectively knew that hepatitis is a preventable disease, only 2% and 7% of the respective barbers and clients were vaccinated against Hepatitis B. Reasons for not being vaccinated were non-awareness and cost of the HBV vaccine. Only half of the barbers and clients considered themselves to be at risk for hepatitis. Conclusions: In Karachi, barbers and clients have poor knowledge of hepatitis and the means of transmissions, as well as low vaccination rates against HBV infection. Hence barbers and their clients must be educated about hepatitis and its prevention.

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