Prevalence of Depression and its Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Mental health and physical health are association with each other’s: poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical condition and it significantly impact on people’s quality of life. The social determinants of health impact on both chronic physical condition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence sub-clinical depression and factors associated with depression among the hypertensive out patients’ department ofhospitals in Pokhara. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 215 hypertensive patient visiting OPD ward of selected hospitals of Pokhara Metropolitan City. Depression levels were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-Ia (BDI) scale. Demographics and risk factors were assessed. Systematic random sampling was conducted for selecting hospitals and proportionate random sampling technique was used to make the sample representative of hospitals. Results: Out of the total 215 hypertensive patients and around fifty-nine percentage were males and the mean age of respondents is 52 +12.04 years. Around one-third of the hypertensive patients had depression. The mean BDI-Ia score for depression status having respondent was 16.88±16.45. Conclusions: This study provides the evidence of depression is associate with hypertensive patient’s socio-demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, employment and income and behavioral factors. Hypertensive patients should be encouraged to increase their physical activities and family support.

Download Full-text

Parental mental health during COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 6047

Author(s):

Hari Krishnan R. ◽

Hanitha Rajasekar ◽

Suganthi S.

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Status ◽

Online Classes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Parental Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: The whole world became still, when a major pandemic COVID-19 started its toll across all developed and developing countries. It has caused both physical and emotional disturbances among all age groups. This study was done to evaluate the parental mental health in COVID-19 as this group is not given much importance. The major mental health problems associated with COVID-19 among parents are due to online classes which has caused depression, anxiety and stress.Methods: A cross-sectional study done among all parents, especially those of whose children are attending online class were included in the study. Convenient sampling was used to select 204 participants, GHQ 12 questionnaire was used for data collection on mental health status among parents.Results: Overall prevalence of parents with better mental health <19 was 108 (52.9%) and prevalence of parents with poor mental health >19 was 96 (47.1%).Conclusions: This study concluded that parental age of 31 to 40 years who are employed and have children studying in primary school to have a poor mental health status. The most important contributing factors for poor parental health were online classes for children and work place stress.

Download Full-text

Investigating the effect of social networking site use on mental health in an 18–34 year-old general population; a cross-sectional study using the 2016 Scania Public Health Survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09732-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emily Stella Scott ◽

Catarina Canivet ◽

Per-Olof Östergren

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Social Networking ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Survey

Abstract Background Social Networking Sites (SNS) are commonly used, especially by young adults. Their impact on mental health is unclear. Moreover, little is known about how social factors, e.g. Perceived Emotional Support (PES), may affect this association. Mental health issues are increasingly burdening the young generation and society as a whole. This study aims to investigate the association between frequency of SNS use and number of SNS contacts with the mental health of a young, Swedish population. Additionally, the potential effect modification of PES will be analysed in regard to these relationships. Method This cross-sectional study applied logistic regression analyses to data on 1341 participants (aged 18–34), retrieved from the Scania Public Health Survey (2016). Analyses were stratified by gender and the GHQ-12 scale assessed poor mental health. A 2-way interaction model was used to test for effect modification by PES regarding the association between SNS use and mental health. Results Increased risk for poor mental health was found in women only. Using SNS almost hourly vs. less often resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–2.38). The corresponding figures for having ≥600 contacts vs. ≤599 were (1.89; 1.21–2.97). Having low PES and using SNS almost hourly was associated with an OR of 3.12 (CI = 1.69–5.76; synergy index (SI) = 1.25). Low PES and ≥ 600 contacts resulted in an OR of 6.07 (CI = 1.73–21.33), whereby interaction was detected (SI = 2.88). Conclusion Women, but not men, with frequent SNS use and a high number of SNS contacts were more likely to have poor mental health, which was exacerbated in women with low PES. Facilitating PES could be an approach for improving mental health among young adults. Future studies on the use of SNS should focus more on gender analyses.

Download Full-text

Pulmonary Function Tests in Hypertensive Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2018/5492680 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan ◽

Yekoye Abebe

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Memorial Hospital ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients

Background. Hypertension imposes stresses on many organs like heart and kidney. However, studies that show the effect of hypertension on the lungs are limited. Objective. To assess pulmonary function status of hypertensive patients aged 30-64 years at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, 2017. Methods. Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 hypertensive patients (cases) and 61 nonhypertensive clients (controls) aged 30-64 years. Computerized spirometry was done in all cases and controls which were selected by systematic sampling technique. The study was conducted from January 20, 2017, to May 25, 2017. Result. The values of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% were 3.52±1.02 liters, 2.97±0.89 liters, and 3.34±1.3 liters/second in hypertensive patients and 4.31±0.82 liters, 3.54±0.7 liters, and 3.94±1.09 liters/second in controls, respectively. These values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in hypertensive patients compared to controls. Restrictive pulmonary defect was dominant in hypertensive patients. FEV1% which was 85%±7% in hypertensive patients and 82%±5% in controls was significantly higher (p<0.05) in hypertensive patients compared to controls. Conclusion. Hypertensive patients exhibit lower pulmonary function values. Routine check-up of the pulmonary function status of such patients should be done to prevent undesired outcomes.

Download Full-text

Brazilian’s frequency of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms in the COVID-19 pandemic

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-9304202100s200005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. 413-419

Author(s):

Leopoldo Nelson Fernandes Barbosa ◽

Monica Cristina Batista de Melo ◽

Maria do Carmo Vieira da Cunha ◽

Eliane Nóbrega Albuquerque ◽

Juliana Monteiro Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Health Symptom ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Stepwise Method ◽

The Mean ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the frequency of anxiety, stress and depression in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was performed via an online electronic form containing self-reported sociodemographic and mental health variables using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) using the snow-ball sampling technique. For the whole study, a significance level of 0.05 was considered, except for the application of the stepwise method, which considered a level of 0.2. Results: 1,775 people responded the survey, mostly women (78.07%), white (58.13%), single (45.78%), currently working (63.74%). 32.03% received psychotherapy or some type of emotional support before the pandemic, 19.03% had some psychiatric diagnosis and 8.49% started some support after the beginning of the pandemic. The mean scores investigated by the DASS-21 scale were 5.53869 for depression, 4.467334 for anxiety and 8.221202 for stress. Conclusions: during the COVID-19 pandemic, sociodemographic and mental health characteristics were mapped and in Brazilians and the symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress were identified mainly in women, single people, who did not currently work and already had some previous mental health symptom.

Download Full-text

Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Usia Menarche pada Siswi SMP Negeri 1 Padang

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v5i3.575 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmat Nurul Yuda Putra ◽

Ermawati Ermawati ◽

Arni Amir

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

Age Of Menarche

AbstrakBeberapa dekade terakhir ini, telah terjadi kecenderungan onset menarche dini yang dikaitkan dengan nutrisi yang lebih baik. Penelitian yang telah ada menemukan penurunan usia menarche yang diiringi oleh peningkatan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) yang terjadi dalam 25 tahun terakhir. Onset menarche yang lebih cepat juga ditemukan pada anak yang gemuk dibandingkan yang kurus. IMT rendah menunjukkan tidak terpenuhinya nutrisi yang dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan tumbuh–kembang anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan IMT dengan usia menarche. Penelitian cross-sectional study ini dilakukan terhadap 77 siswi yang dipilih melalui teknik proportional random sampling dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang telah terkumpul lalu dianalisis dengan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil studi ini adalah rata-rata IMT 19,93 (±3,162) kg/m2dan rata-rata usia menarche adalah 11,75 tahun dengan usia termuda 9 tahun dan tertua 14 tahun. Ditemukan adanya hubungan antara IMT dengan usia menarche dengan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05) dan r=-0,429. Kesimpulan studi ini ialah semakin tinggi IMT, maka semakin cepat terjadi menarche.Kata kunci: IMT, usia menarche, menarche AbstractThe last decades, there has been a trend of earlier onset of menarche is associated with better nutrition. Several studies have found a decrease in age of menarche is accompanied by an increase in Basal Metabolism Index (BMI). Rapid onset of menarche also found in obese children than lean. Low BMI show no fulfillment of nutrients that can affect the growth and development speed in children. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI with age at menarche. This cross sectional study was conducted on 77 female students who were selected through proportional random sampling technique. The data was collected by questionnaires and interviews, than was analyzed by Spearman correlation test. The results of this study was the average BMI 19.93 (±3.162) kg / m2, and the average age of menarche was 11.75 years with 9 years old as the youngest and the oldest 14 years. There is a correlation between BMI at the age at menarche, with p value=0.000 (p<0.01) and r=-0.429. The conclusion is a higher BMI could cause more rapidly menarche.Keywords: BMI, age at menarche, menarche

Download Full-text

Effect of Community-Based Intervention (Pregnant Women’s Conference) on Institutional Delivery in Ethiopia

10.5772/intechopen.97315 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melash Belachew Asresie ◽

Gizachew Worku Dagnew

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Institutional Delivery ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Danger Signs ◽

The Government

Institutional delivery is the foundation for diminishing maternal mortality. Evidence showed that community-based behavioral change interventions are increasing institutional delivery in developing countries. By understanding this, the government of Ethiopia launched a community-based intervention called “pregnant women’s conferences” to improve institutional delivery. This study was conducted to assess its effectiveness on institutional delivery among 871 women who gave birth within the last 12 months (435: pregnant women’s conference attendants and 436: pregnant women’s conference non-attendants) in 2017. It was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study and participants were selected using a multistage-simple random sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The result showed that institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conferences was 54.3% (95%CI: 49.9–59.1), higher compared with 39.9% (95%CI: 35.3%- 44.7%) of women who did not attend the conference. Likewise, the level of well-preparedness for birth was higher among women who attended the conference (P = 38.9%, 95%CI: 33.8–43.7), compared with their counterparts (P = 25.7%, 95% CI: 22.2–29.4). Similarly, women’s knowledge of obstetric danger signs was higher among women who attended the conference. Therefore, encouraging pregnant women to attend the conference should be strengthened.

Download Full-text

Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Curfews and Social Distancing in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40296/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Badrah S Alghamdi ◽

Yasser AlAtawi ◽

Fahad S. AlShehri ◽

Haythum O. Tayeb ◽

Hanin Abo Abo Taleb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Stress Score

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 150 countries worldwide. Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Saudi Arabia, cases have continued to escalate exponentially. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a negative effect on mental health and well-being. The study aim was to investigate the effects of the strict national regulations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of Saudi residents. Participants completed an online questionnaire after 1 month of a nationwide 24-hour curfew. We measured psychological distress using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). We ran binary logistic regression analyses to detect variables that significantly predicted DASS-21 scores. Results The sample comprised 2252 Saudi residents. The DASS-21 score means and standard deviations for depression and anxiety for the whole sample (10.73 ± 10.29 and 6.98 ± 8.30, respectively) were in the range of mild depression and anxiety. In contrast, the mean DASS-21 stress score was within the normal range (11.97 ± 10.80). The mean stress score for healthcare workers was within normal range (13.70 ± 10.68), but was significantly higher than the mean score for the public (11.56 ± 10.89; P = .0006). Several variables (e.g. age, gender and history of contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases) were significantly associated with higher DASS-21 scores. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has created a psychological burden. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement emergency psychological interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial effects of the pandemic on public mental health.

Download Full-text

Association for combined exposure to job strain, shift work on mental health among Chinese railway workers: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e037544

Author(s):

Yu Jiang ◽

Chuancheng Wu ◽

Tianqi Hu ◽

Meilong Chen ◽

Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Shift Work ◽

Job Strain ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Level ◽

Railway Workers ◽

Night Shifts

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of coexposure to job strain and shift work on mental health in railway workers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOne Railway Bureau Group in China.ParticipantsA total of 1270 front-line railway workers.Outcome measuresThe Symptom Checklist-90-Revised questionnaire was used to measure general mental health. Job strain variables were derived from the Job Content Questionnaire. Based on the records of the work schedule 3 months prior to the survey, the following three shift types were identified: fixed day, fixed night and rotating night shifts. Risks associated with mental health were assessed by carrying out logistic regression analysis which was adjusted for age, job tenure, smoking and exercise. Additionally, a crossover analysis was employed for the combined effects.ResultsHigh levels of job strain were linked to a higher risk of poor mental health (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.11). After adjusting for confounding factors, night shifts and rotating night shifts were significant risk factors for mental health (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.07; OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.73 to 3.22). Compared with participants who experienced a low level of job strain and day shifts, those with a high level of job strain and who worked rotating shifts were at the highest risk of poor mental health (OR=4.68, 95% CI: 2.91 to 8.04), whereas the influence of a low level of job strain and rotating night shifts was not statistically significant.ConclusionJob strain and night shifts among workers were associated, both independently and in combination, with an increased risk of poor mental health. Our data suggest that job strain contributes to the risk of poor mental health by means of a combined effect with shift work.

Download Full-text

CLINICAL OUTCOME OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA WITH MACULOPAPULAR RASH AT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, PIMS, ISLAMABAD

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v6i4.10 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Jai Kirshin ◽

Sameena Afghan ◽

Aqeela Ayub ◽

Kishor Shah ◽

Maqbool Hussain

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Maculopapular Rash ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Demographic Profiles ◽

Study Results ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year

BACKGROUND: Measles is highly endemic disease in Pakistan that can be prevented by vaccinating the child.Patients with rash and fever are the major syptoms of this infection. The aim of this study was to find the associationof clinical and serological outcome of measles and rubella with demographic profiles in patients hospitalised withclinical suspicion of these conditions. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in children hospital of PIMS Islamabad where allchildren presenting with maculopapular rash in outdoor patient, indoor patient and accident and emergencydepartment were enrolled. The study duration was one year or the completion of required sample size. A total of 73children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. A purposive sampling technique was used toselect cases. Data was collected through a structured proforma especially designed for this study. Permission wastaken from the Hospital Ethical Committee before the commencement of the study. A written consent was also takenfrom the parents of children prior to conduct the study. RESULTS: All the children in this study was 46.5 (Â± 40.1) months of age, the mean (SD) age was 4 years and 10months (Â± 3 years and 4 months). The median age of all children was 24 months (2 years). The youngest child was 7months old while the eldest child was 12 years (144 months) of age. Out of 73 children enrolled in the current studywho presented with maculopapular rash and their serological outcome was assessed, 50 (68.5 percent) were boyswhereas 23 (31.5 percent) were girls. Koplik's spots were present among 56 (76.7 percent) children whereas 17(23.3 percent) did not have Koplik's spots at the time of enrolment. lymphadenopathy was assessed in 35 (47.9percent) children while 38 (52.1 percent) did not have lymphadenopathy at the time of enrolment. CONCLUSION: Study concluded that a higher proportion of children presenting with maculopapular rash werediagnosed to have measles on the basis of serology.

Download Full-text