scholarly journals Redesign Geometri Lereng Penambangan Batugamping Kuari C di PT X Kecamatan Palimanan Kabupaten Cirebon Provinsi Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Guntur Indra Prahasta ◽  
Yuliadi ◽  
Elfida Moralista
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Natural Density ◽  
Marly Limestone

Abstract. PT X is a cement producer which has a limestone mine in Palimanan District, Cirebon Regency, West Java Province. In the Quarry C limestone mining area there has been an landslide that has resulted in the inoperation of mining activities in the area. This research was conducted on the slopes of the Quarry C mine which had experienced a landslide. This study aims to determine the causes of landslides that occur, determine the value of cohesion, deep friction angles and safety factors when landslides occur, and recommend safe slope geometry with the input parameters results of back analysis. In this study, to determine the type of avalanche that occurs is done with stereographic projections that refer to the criteria of the landslide Hoek and Bray, 1981. Data taken in the form of strike and discontinuous dip fields using a geological compass. The initial parameter input uses physical property test data to obtain the value of natural density and mechanical properties testing, namely the shear strength test to obtain the value of cohesion and deep friction angle, as well as the compressive strength test to get the modulus young and poisson ratio values. To find out the value of cohesion, the friction angle in the safety factor during a landslide is performed back analysis using the probability method. Based on the results of data processing and data analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the landslides that occurred in section C1 to section C3 were in the form of arc slides. The results of back analysis of landslides in sections C1 through section C3 are in the form of cohesion and friction angle during landslides, namely for claystone lithology (c = 129.3 kPa, Ø = 25.04o) and for Marly Limestone lithology (c = 80.17 kPa, Ø = 11.23o). For the recommended slope geometry in section C1 is α = 8 o, H = 37.265 m with FK = 1,299 and section C2 is α = 10 o, H = 44.712 m with FK = 1,313. Abstrak. PT X adalah salah satu produsen semen yang mempunyai tambang batugamping di Kecamatan Palimanan, Kabupaten Cirebon, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pada area penambangan batugamping Kuari C telah terjadi longsoran yang mengakibatkan tidak bisa beroperasinya kegiatan penambangan di area tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kelongsoran yang terjadi, mengetahui nilai kohesi, sudut gesek dalam dan faktor keamanan saat terjadi longsor, serta merekomendasikan geometri lereng yang aman dengan input parameter hasil analisis balik. Pada penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui jenis longsoran yang terjadi dilakukan dengan proyeksi stereografi yang mengacu pada kriteria longsoran Hoek and Bray, 1981. Data yang diambil berupa strike dan dip bidang diskontinu menggunakan kompas geologi. Input parameter awal menggunakan data hasil pengujian sifat fisik untuk mendapatkan nilai natural density dan pengujian sifat mekanik yaitu uji kuat geser untuk mendapatkan nilai kohesi dan sudut gesek dalam, serta uji kuat tekan untuk mendapatkan nilai modulus young dan poisson ratio. Untuk mengetahui nilai kohesi, sudut gesek dalam faktor keamanan saat terjadi longsor dilakukan analisis balik dengan metode probabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan analisis data yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa longsoran yang terjadi pada section C1 sampai dengan section C3 berupa longsoran busur. Hasil analisis balik kelongsoran di section C1 sampai dengan section C3 berupa nilai kohesi dan sudut gesek dalam saat terjadi longsor, yaitu untuk litologi claystone (c = 129.3 kPa, Ø = 25.04o) dan untuk litologi Marly Limestone (c = 80.17 kPa, Ø = 11.23o). Untuk geometri lereng yang direkomendasikan pada section C1 adalah α = 8 o, H = 37.265 m dengan FK = 1,299 dan section C2 adalah α = 10 o, H = 44.712 m dengan FK = 1,313.

Study on In Situ Shearing Strength Test for the Retaining Wall Bottom in a Bank Revetment Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Guang Zhang ◽  
Jun Rong Ma ◽  
Jing Xi Chen ◽  
Hua Lin Zhou ◽  
Dong Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Composite Foundation ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Shearing Strength

To obtain the necessary shear strength parameters of the retaining wall bottom in a bank revetment project, in-situ shearing strength test must be conducted. There are 3 kinds of foundations. One is undisturbed soil foundation, and the other two are composite foundations. Due to the limited of the engineering conditions, each kind of foundation has prepared one specimen only. So the single shearing strength test can't separate cohesion c and friction angle φ. To solve this problem, a method which is a combination of shear strength test and sliding strength test is used. Sliding strength test is carried on specimens that have already failed after shearing strength test. This test is carried in wet conditions and cohesion values and friction angle values are obtained. In addition, the influence of the processing of composite foundation to equivalent friction coefficient is analyzed. Test result can be referenced by bank revetment projects which have similar geological conditions.

scholarly journals Direct Shear Strength of Clay Reinforced with Coir Fiber

UKaRsT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Anita Widianti ◽  
Willis Diana ◽  
Maratul Hasana
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Shear Strength Test

Indonesia is the largest coconut producing country in the world. However, the resulting coir waste is still rarely used for structural materials. This research studied the effect of random inclusion of coir fiber on the shear strength of clay with high plasticity. The carried test in this study is a direct shear strength test. The fiber content variations used are 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% of the dry weight of the mixture with a fiber length of between 30 mm to 50 mm. The results show that the reinforcement of coir fiber can increase the cohesion and friction angle. The maximum increase in cohesion value was obtained at fiber content of 0.75%, which was 39.66%. The increase in the value of the friction angle was obtained at 1% fiber content, which was 46.67%. The optimum coir fiber content was achieved at the fiber content of 0.75%. With this content, the value of the shear strength reaches its maximum with an increase of 39.4% at a normal stress of 8.071 kPa.

scholarly journals Influence of the Diatomite Specie on the Peak and Residual Shear Strength of the Fine-Grained Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo ◽  
Daniel A. Zuluaga-Astudillo ◽  
Juan C. Ruge ◽  
Daniel Castro-Fresno
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Residual Shear Strength ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Mexican Species

Diatomite is a powdering mineral mainly composed of diatom microfossils present in marine and lacustrine soils, which influences their physical and mechanical properties. Although many articles have been found in the literature concerning the influence of diatomite in the overall behavior of natural soils, few research efforts have been carried out to evaluate the influence of the diatom microfossil species on their shear resistance. Therefore, in this research, the influence of the diatomite species and the content in the peak and the residual shear strength of diatomite-fine grained soil mixtures was analyzed using the annular shear strength test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atterberg limits were also carried out as additional tests to explain the interlocking effect between the microfossils and the soil. Overall, both diatomite species increased both peak and residual shear strength of the soil similar to dense sands. Nevertheless, the Mexican species reveal higher friction angle values compared with Colombian species.

Direct shear strength test on rocks along discontinuities, under laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Buocz ◽  
Nikoletta Rozgonyi-Boissinot ◽  
Ákos Török ◽  
Péter Görög
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

scholarly journals Tunnel Back Analysis Based on Differential Evolution Using Stress and Displacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joon-Sang An ◽  
Kyung-Nam Kang ◽  
Ju-Young Choi ◽  
Won-Suh Sung ◽  
Vathna Suy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Displacement Based ◽  
The Stability

The stability of tunnels has mainly been evaluated based on displacement. Because displacement due to the excavation process is significant, back analysis of the structure and ground can be performed easily. Recently, the length of a segment-lined tunnel driven by the mechanized tunneling method is increasing. Because the internal displacement of a segment-lined tunnel is trivial, it is difficult to analyze the stability of segment-lined tunnels using the conventional method. This paper proposes a back analysis method using stress and displacement information for a segment-lined tunnel. A differential evolution algorithm was adopted for tunnel back analysis. Back analysis based on the differential evolution algorithm using stress and displacement was established and performed using the finite difference code, FLAC3D, and built-in FISH language. Detailed flowcharts of back analysis based on DEA using both monitored displacement stresses were also suggested. As a preliminary study, the target variables of the back analysis adopted in this study were the elastic modulus, cohesion, and friction angle of the ground. The back analysis based on the monitored displacement is useful when the displacement is significant due to excavation. However, the conventional displacement-based back analysis is unsuitable for a segment-lined tunnel after construction because of its trivial internal displacement since the average error is greater than 32% and the evolutionary calculation is finalized due to the maximum iteration criteria. The average error obtained from the proposed back analysis algorithm using both stress and displacement ranged within approximately 6–8%. This also confirms that the proposed back analysis algorithm is suitable for a segment-lined tunnel.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Rock Fracture on Uniaxial Compressive Strength Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Dinoy ◽  
Yohanes Gilbert Tampaty ◽  
Imelda Srilestari Mabuat ◽  
Joseph Alexon Sutiray Dwene
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Rock Fracture ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength Test

The compressive strength test is one of the technical properties or compressive strength tests that are commonly used in rock mechanics to determine the collapse point or the elasticity of rock against maximum pressure. The rock collapse point is a measure of the strength of the rock itself when the rock is no longer able to maintain its elastic properties. The purpose of this test is to find out how long the rock maintains its strength or elasticity properties when pressure is applied, and to find out the difference between the strength of compact rock and rock that has fractures when pressure is applied. Rocks that have fractures will break more easily or quickly when pressure is applied compared to compact rocks. This analysis is carried out by comparing the rock strength of each sample, both those that have fractures and compact rocks. To find out these differences, laboratory testing was carried out. The test results show the value (compressive strength test 57.76 MPa), (elastic modulus 5250.000MPa), (Poisson ratio 0.05) and the average value of rock mechanical properties test (axial 0.91), (lateral-0.279), and (volumetric 0.252) . Based on the test results above, it shows that rocks that have fractures will break more easily when pressure is applied, compared to compact rocks that have a long time in the uniaxial compressive strength test.

scholarly journals Bio-based adhesive mixtures of pine tannin and different types of lignins

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9401-9412
Author(s):  
Jaša Saražin ◽  
Detlef Schmiedl ◽  
Antonio Pizzi ◽  
Milan Šernek
Keyword(s):  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Joint Shear Strength ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Adhesive Mixtures ◽  
Substantial Interest ◽  
Better Than

Tannins and lignins, which are natural phenolic compounds, are gaining substantial interest in biobased wood adhesive research. In this study, several different biobased tannin-lignin-hexamine adhesive mixtures were prepared and compared in a lap-joint shear strength test. In the first part, the suitability of different types of kraft and organosolv lignins as part of the mixture used in the production of biobased adhesives (in combination with pine tannins) were observed. It was found that biobased adhesive mixtures containing kraft lignins performed significantly better than those that contained organosolv lignins. In the second part, unmodified kraft lignins were mixed with pine tannin in different proportions, ranging from 0% to 100%. The pressing parameters were set to 150 °C for 15 min after performing oscillatory tests with a rheometer. Pure tannin adhesives performed the best, but no significant differences or a trend line were observed among adhesives containing different proportions of tannins and lignins.

scholarly journals Certainty and uncertainty in science: the subjectivistic concept of probability in physiology and medicine.

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. S113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jevning ◽  
R Anand ◽  
M Biedebach
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Physical Probability ◽  
Degree Of Belief ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Probability And Statistics

Most physiological scientists have restricted understanding of probability as relative frequency in a large collection (for example, of atoms). Most appropriate for the relatively circumscribed problems of the physical sciences, this understanding of probability as a physical property has conveyed the widespread impression that the "proper" statistical "method" can eliminate uncertainty by determining the "correct" frequency or frequency distribution. However, many relatively recent developments in the theory of probability and decision making deny such exalted statistical ability. Proponents of Bayes's subjectivist theory, for example, assert that probability is "degree of belief," a more tentative idea than relative frequency or physical probability, even though degree of belief assessment may utilize frequency information. In the subjectivist view, probability and statistics are means of expressing a consistent opinion (a probability) to handle uncertainty but never means to eliminate it. In the physiological sciences the contrast between the two views is critical, because problems dealt with are generally more complex than those of physics, requiring judgments and decisions. We illustrate this in testing the efficacy of penicillin by showing how the physical probability method of "hypothesis testing" may contribute to the erroneous idea that science consists of "verified truths" or "conclusive evidence" and how this impression is avoided in subjectivist probability analysis.

Research on the Package of High Voltage SiC JBS

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 1038-1041
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Ya Nan Li ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Ao Liu ◽  
Song Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Materials Used

According to the application of the high voltage SiC devices, studying the package of three kinds of SiC dies with different metals. Experiments show that all die wire bonding and shear strength measurement up to standard, and provide three kinds of packages for different applications, at the same time, filling the needs of producing. The purpose of the shear strength test is to determine the integrity of materials used to attach SiC die to package substrates.

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