Probing the Comparative Bioefficacy of Allium sativum L. Bulb through Different Solvents

Abstract. Allium sativum (garlic), an aromatic bulbous plant is one of the most vital and oldest authenticated herbs which has been utilized from ancient times as a traditional medicine. A. sativum has cardioprotective, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anticancer properties due to a large range of phenolic compounds and sulfur containing compounds. The current study was conducted to assess the antioxidant chemistry, and numerous bioactivities of A. sativum bulbs extracts in different solvents. Ethanol fraction was the most active antioxidant and showed maximum total phenolic content (16.18 g GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (95.04 g CE/100 g) and free radical scavenging activity (75.50 %). Methanol (4 %) fraction exhibited maximum antiglycation activity. Aqueous, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited maximal (52 %, 24 % and 38 %) inhibitions of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase respectively. In an antimicrobial assay, ethanol (59.05 %) and chloroform (72.92 %) fractions showed maximum inhibition of Pasturella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus strains respectively. n-butanol and n-hexane fractions showed maximum (31 %) antihemolytic activity and (20 %) thrombolytic activities respectively. A. sativum bulb extracts and fractions have noteworthy bio-efficacies that holds promise to be used as a source of natural drug to cure various disorders. Resumen. Allium sativum (ajo), una planta bulbosa aromática, es una de las hierbas autenticadas más vitales y antiguas que se han utilizado desde la antigüedad como medicina tradicional. A. sativum tiene propiedades cardioprotectoras, antimicrobianas, anti-inflamatorias, anti-diabéticas, anti-oxidantes y anti-cancerígenas debido a una amplia gama de compuestos fenólicos y compuestos que contienen azufre. El estudio actual se llevó a cabo para evaluar la química antioxidante y numerosas bioactividades de extractos de rizoma de A. sativum en diferentes disolventes. La fracción de etanol tuvo la mayor actividad antioxidante y mostró un contenido fenólico total máximo (16.18 g GAE / 100 g), contenido total de flavonoides (95.04 g CE / 100 g) y actividad captadora de radicales libres (75.50 %). La fracción de metanol (4 %) exhibió la mayor actividad de antiglicación. Las fracciones acuosa, de n-hexano y de acetato de etilo inhibieron la actividad de alfa-amilasa, alfa-glucosidasa y acetilcolinesterasa, en 52 %, 24 % y 38 % respectivamente. En el ensayo antimicrobiano, las fracciones de etanol (59.05 %) y cloroformo (72.92 %) mostraron una inhibición máxima de las cepas de Pasturella multocida y Staphylococcus aureus, respectivamente. Las fracciones de n-butanol y n-hexano mostraron actividad anti-hemolítica (31 %) y trombolítica (20 %) respectivamente. Los extractos y fracciones de rizoma de A. sativum tienen bioeficacia notable con potencial de ser utilizadas como una fuente de fármaco natural para curar diversos trastornos.

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The Antioxidant Activity of Maltese Honey

Journal of Apicultural Science ◽

10.2478/jas-2014-0004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natacha Meinen ◽

Liberato Camilleri ◽

Everaldo Attard

Keyword(s):

Principal Components ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Colour Intensity ◽

Polyphenol Content ◽

Ancient Times

Abstract Maltese honey has been valued for its medicinal properties since ancient times, so much so that the word Malta is derived from the ancient Greek word, Melite, which means honey. In this study, Maltese honey samples (n = 30) from three harvest seasons and different floral sources were analysed to determine their antioxidant/antiradical properties. Colorimetric assays were used to determine the polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and colour intensity, and these values were analysed to determine whether they correlated with radical scavenging activity as determined by bioassays. The honey samples varied in their DPPH activity (range, 3.326 - 11.865 mg AEAC/100 g honey), reducing power (EC 50 range: 5.632 - 14.453 mg/ml), total phenolic content (range, 8.114 - 109.765 mg TAE/100 g honey), total flavonoids (range, 0.655 - 212.865 mg RE/100 g honey), and colour intensity (range, 0.000 - 99.581 mm Pfund). The data were subjected to factor analysis using principal components. The antioxidant properties correlated significantly with total polyphenol content and colour (p<0.0001). Principal components analysis revealed three clusters of honey corresponding to the three harvest seasons.

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In vitro shoot regeneration and analysis of biochemical, antioxidant and anticancer properties of Ananas comosus var. MD2

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v14n2.900 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nur Asniyati Abdul Halim ◽

Sujatha Ramasamy ◽

Boon Chin Tan ◽

Norzulaani Khalid ◽

Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Compounds

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Although the phytochemical compounds of pineapple fruits have been extensively studied, little attention was paid on other parts of the plant. In this study, we developed an efficient in vitro regeneration procedures for A. comosus var. MD2 as well as analyzed the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and anticancer activities in field-grown and in vitro leaf samples. Leaf base explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA and 2.0 mg/L BAP produced the highest percentage of shoot response (100%) with a mean number of 6 microshoots per explant. Biochemical analysis showed that in vitro leaf samples contained higher amount of carotenoids and anthocyanins but lower total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity than field-grown leaves. Flavonoids, tannins, sterols and alkaloids were detected in both field-grown and in vitro leaf samples. The methanolic extracts from both samples exhibited low cytotoxic activity against human ovarian SKOV-3 and human breast MCF-7 cancer cells. These results suggested that pineapple leaves might not be suitable to serve as chemotherapeutic agent and further exploitation on other secondary metabolites is required.

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Evaluation of antioxidant and Anthelmintic activity of methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9i1.1177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Vijaya Jyothi M ◽

Bhargav E ◽

Pavan Kumar K ◽

Praneeth Gowd K ◽

Ram Pavan S

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Iridoid Glycosides ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Total Flavonoids Content

Nyctanthes arbour-tristis is a shrub belongs to the family Oleaceae. The flowers of this plant are fragrant since the presence of flavonol glycosides. It has also been reported for the presence of β-sitosterol, iridoid glycosides, tannins etc., and known to have immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiviral and antifungal activities. In the present study an attempt is made to identify antioxidant capacity and anthelminthic potential of methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by total phenolic content assay, total flavonoids content assay, free radical scavenging activity and reducing ability methods. Anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Perithima posthuma using Piperazine citrate as standard drug. The results obtained for the above activities reveals that Nyctanthes arbour-tristis shows considerable antioxidant activity for all the methods and anthelminthic potential at 300 mg/ml. Keywords: arbour-tristis; antioxidant activity; anthelminthic activity; Perithima posthuma; Piperazine citrate.

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Antioxidant capacity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Grewia serrulata DC and Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9i1.1201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 121

Author(s):

Mentham Ramesh ◽

Chandu Babu Rao

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Superoxide Radical ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Flavonoid Content

The current investigation is intended to evaluate the content of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of stem and root of Grewia serrulata DC (HAESGS & HAERGS) and leaf and bark of Grewia Nervosa (Lour.) panigrahi (HAELGN & HAEBGN). Initially, all the extracts at different concentrations were estimated for their total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The study was further extended for their antioxidant potential evaluation using various in vitro methods such as 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The total phenolic content (mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract) was high in HAELGN (170.82±0.19) and HAERGS (123.00±0.48) than HAESGS (111.2±0.26) and HAEBGN (119.60±0.23). The total flavonoid content (mg quercetin equivalent per gram) is greater in HAERGS (71.24±0.50) and HAESGS (65.68±0.27) than HAELGN (55.82±0.35) and HAEBGN (62.38±0.45). The IC50 values (µg/ml) of different plant extracts inferred that DPPH radical scavenging activity is greater in HAELGN (42.91±0.88) and HAEBGN (53.87±0.35) than HAESGS (126.73±1.20) and HAERGS (88.87±1.25). However, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity is more in HAERGS (135.41±1.19 & 88.00±1.42) and HAELGN (172.28±1.91 & 108.163±1.09) than HAESGS (237.3±1.65 & 110.074±0.87) and HAEBGN (204.7±1.04 & 125.54±1.07). The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that both the plants Grewia serrulata DC and Grewia Nervosa (Lour.) panigrahi possess high phenolic, flavonoid contents and potential antioxidant activity, and could be used as a valid source of natural antioxidants and might be utilized for pharmacological screening of various therapeutic activities. Keywords: Grewia serrulata; Grewia Nervosa; Total Phenolic content; Total flavonoid content; Antioxidant potential

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Antioxidant Activity in Rheum emodi Wall (Himalayan Rhubarb)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2555

Author(s):

Sang Koo Park ◽

Yoon Kyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Polyphenol Content ◽

Abts Assay ◽

Ic50 Values

Using natural products as antioxidant agents has been beneficial to replace synthetic products. Efforts have been made to profile the antioxidant capacities of natural resources, such as medicinal plants. The polyphenol content of Himalayan rhubarb, Rheum emodi wall, was measured and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ assay, and the oxidative stress was assessed using SOD enzymatic assay. Five different solvent fractions, n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water, were used for screening the antioxidant capacity in effort to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The total phenolic contents for R. emodi fractions ranged from 27.76 to 209.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. DPPH and ABTS+ assay results are presented into IC50 values, ranged from 21.52 to 2448.79 μg/mL and 90.25 to 1718.05 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among other fractions. Also, n-butanol and water fractions showed significantly lower IC50 values than the positive control in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of SOD assay of fractions ranged from 2.31 to 64.78 μg/mL. A similar result was observed with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest SOD radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction of R. emodi possess the strongest antioxidant activity, thus the most efficient in extracting antioxidant contents. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was shown between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity screening assays. The compounds related to the antioxidant activity of R. emodi were identified to myricitrin, myricetin 3-galloyl rhamnoside, and myricetin, which have not been reported in studies about R. emodi before.

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New insights of phenolic compounds from optimized fruit extract of Ficus auriculata

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91913-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Shahinuzzaman ◽

Parul Akhtar ◽

N. Amin ◽

Yunus Ahmed ◽

Farah Hannan Anuar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Optimum Extraction

AbstractIn this study, the extraction conditions extracted maximize amounts of phenolic and bioactive compounds from the fruit extract of Ficus auriculata by using optimized response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the assay of radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS as well as reducing power assays on total phenolic content (TPC). For the extraction purpose, the ultrasonic assisted extraction technique was employed. A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fitted to the experimental findings concerning antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.968, P < 0.0001) and total phenolic content (R2 = 0.961, P < 0.0001), indicating a significant correlation between the experimental and expected value. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was achieved 85.20 ± 0.96% at the optimum extraction parameters of 52.5% ethanol (v/v), 40.0 °C temperature, and 22 min extraction time. Alternatively, the highest yield of total phenolic content was found 31.65 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g DF at the optimum extraction conditions. From the LC–ESI–MS profiling of the optimized extract, 18 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified, which may regulate the antioxidant activity of fruits of F. auriculata.

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Oenothera laciniata Hill Extracts Exhibits Antioxidant Effects and Attenuates Melanogenesis in B16-F10 Cells via Downregulating CREB/MITF/Tyrosinase and Upregulating p-ERK and p-JNK

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040727 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 727

Author(s):

Horng-Huey Ko ◽

Yeo-Tzu Chang ◽

Yueh-Hsiung Kuo ◽

Chia-Hsuan Lin ◽

Yih-Fung Chen

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Tyrosinase Activity ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Protective Agent

Oenothera laciniata Hill is a perennial herb traditionally used to alleviate inflammatory complications. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activities of O. laciniata. The methanolic extract (OLM) of O. laciniata and its different fractions, including ethyl acetate (OLEF), n-butanol (OLBF), and water (OLWF) fractions, were prepared. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by total phenolic content, the radical-scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•), and superoxide anion (O2−•), reducing capacity, and metal chelating ability. OLM and its fractions exhibited potent antioxidant activity in these in vitro assays, with a correlation between radical-scavenging activity and total phenolic content. OLM and its fractions inhibited the mushroom tyrosinase activity superior to the reference control, ascorbic acid. In B16-F10 melanoma cells, OLM and its fractions significantly decreased melanin production and tyrosinase activity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that OLM and its fractions inhibited tyrosinase and TRP-2 expressions via downregulating MITF and phosphorylated CREB and differentially inducing ERK or JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, OLM and its fractions caused no significant cytotoxicity towards B16-F10 or skin fibroblast cells at concentrations used in these cellular assays. These findings demonstrated the potential of O. laciniata extracts as the ideal skin protective agent with dual antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activities.

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Grape Canes from Typical Cultivars of Campania (Southern Italy) as a Source of High-Value Bioactive Compounds: Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2746

Author(s):

Giuseppe Squillaci ◽

Carla Zannella ◽

Virginia Carbone ◽

Paola Minasi ◽

Veronica Folliero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The purpose of the current study was to determine the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities in grape cane extracts from typical cultivars of Southern Italy. Aqueous extracts at different pHs (1–13) were prepared from “Aglianico”, “Fiano”, and “Greco” grape canes. The results demonstrated that an alkaline pH (13.00) produced the best polyphenol-rich extracts, as the total phenolic content was more than double when compared to the respective extracts prepared at pH 1.00. “Greco” grape canes gave the highest quantity of phenolic compounds at each pH, ranging from 42.7 ± 0.4 to 104.3 ± 3.0 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g Dry Extract (DE) from pH 1.00 to 13.00. The Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) were measured. The highest antioxidant activity was showed by “Greco” extract at pH 7.00. Seventy-five compounds were identified in the extracts by HPLC-MS with six of them described for the first time in grape canes. Procyanidins were highly abundant in extracts at pH 7.00, whereas stilbenoids were the most represented compounds at pH 13.00. Very strong antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses was recorded for the extracts at pH 7.00 and 13.00 that were active in the early stages of infection by acting directly against the viral particles. The overall results suggest that grape canes, currently underutilized, can be usefully valorised by providing active extracts to use as antioxidant and antiviral agents.

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Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Wampee (Clausena lansium(Lour.) Skeels) Peel

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2009/612805 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

K. Nagendra Prasad ◽

Jing Hao ◽

Chun Yi ◽

Dandan Zhang ◽

Shengxiang Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Liver Carcinoma ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Anticancer Activities

Antioxidant activities of wampee peel extracts using five different solvents (ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were determined by using in-vitro antioxidant models including total antioxidant capability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and superoxide scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions, even higher than synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). In addition, the EAF exhibited strong anticancer activities against human gastric carcinoma (SGC-7901), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG-2) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549) cancer cell lines, higher than cisplatin, a conventional anticancer drug. The total phenolic content of wampee fraction was positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. This is the first report on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the wampee peel extract. Thus, wampee peel can be used potentially as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants and a possible pharmaceutical supplement.

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Distribution of Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Activities of Different Bran Fractions from Three Pigmented Wheat Varieties

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/6459243 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jinli Zhang ◽

Yan Ding ◽

Haizhou Dong ◽

Hanxue Hou ◽

Xiansheng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Phenolic Acid ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Wheat Varieties

Phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activities of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts from blue, black, and purple wheat were analyzed. Phenolic acids were mainly in the bound form in pigmented wheat bran fractions. Phenolic acid content decreased in the order of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts for the three pigmented wheat varieties. HPLC analysis of phenolic extracts demonstrated that the bound form of phenolic acids contained more ferulic, isoferulic, and p-coumaric acids compared to their free counterparts. Among the three pigmented wheat varieties, the bran fractions from blue wheat contained higher bound phenolic acids than the other two pigmented wheat bran fractions, except for purple coarse bran. The blue wheat outer bran had the highest total bound phenolic acid of 3458.71 μg/g while the purple wheat shorts had the lowest of 1730.71 μg/g. The contribution of bound phenolic acids to the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was significantly higher than that of free phenolic acids. Blue wheat bran fractions had the highest radical scavenging activity against DPPH∙ while those of purple wheat gained the highest ABTS∙+ scavenging activity. High correlations were observed between TPC and radical scavenging capacities for DPPH and ABTS (R2>0.85, P<0.05).

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