scholarly journals Regulation of free radical processes in healthy volunteers during experimental hyperthermia and in patients with coronary artery disease during summer heat waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
A. K. Tikhaze ◽  
G. G. Konovalova ◽  
M. K. Osyaeva ◽  
M. D. Smirnova ◽  
T. V. Martynyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Background. In view of the worsening forecast for global temperature rise worldwide, it seems relevant to study the effects of abnormal heat waves on systemic regulatory processes in people with chronic diseases, in particular coronary artery disease (CAD).Aims. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hyperthermia on oxidative stress parameters in patients with various severity of CAD and in healthy subjects.Materials and methods. We studied the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of Cu,Zn-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in healthy subjects under conditions of 30-day long simulated hyperthermia and in patients with different severity of CAD after the summer heat wavesResults. We revealed signs of oxidative stress in healthy volunteers during model hyperthermia that manifested as an increase in content of MDA in blood plasma. At the  same time we observed increasing activity of Cu,Zn-SOD in erythrocytes that  utilizes reactive oxygen species. The increase of Cu,Zn-SOD activity started with a certain latency what also can be explained by de novo enzyme biosynthesis induction. We also studied oxidative stress parameters in patients at high and moderate cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE risk chart with uncomplicated CAD course and in patients with complicated CAD with severe coronary damage according to angiography during the summer heat waves. We observed accumulation of MDA in blood plasma and increasing activity of erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD in patients with uncomplicated CAD. At the same time we noted that accumulation of MDA in blood plasma was not followed by any increase in activity of red blood cell Cu,Zn-SOD in patients with severe complicated CAD. This fact indicates dysregulation of free radical processes in patients with severe course of CAD during the heat waves.Conclusions. The dysregulation of free-radical processes in patients with a severe clinical course of CAD has been revealed. 

scholarly journals Cytoprotective processes induced by the effect of L-arginin-L-glutamate in rats with experimental pathology of the gastroduodenal zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Y. M. Stepanov ◽  
L. A. Ponomarenko ◽  
O. A. Lykholat ◽  
T. M. Shevchenko ◽  
O. M. Khomenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Experimental Pathology ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Gastroduodenal Zone ◽  
Radical Processes

The processes of effect of L-arginine-L-glutamate on peroxidation and slime-forming function of the stomach cells, the system of antioxidant defense in the blood, liver and brain tissues of rats with experimental pathology of the gastroduodenal zone have been investigated. The animals were divided into four groups. Group I – control group were rats injected intragastrically through a probe physiological solution. Group II included animals with erosive ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone. Modeling of the erosive ulcerative lesions was carried out by intragastric administration of medical bile (1 ml/100 g) in combination with immobilization-cold stress for 1 hour at + 4 ºС for a period of seven days. Rats of group ІІІ simultaneously received an intra-abdominal 4% solution of L-arginine-L-glutamate in a dose of 20 mg per 100 g of body weight at the same time as the erosive ulcerative lesions modeling. To clarify the role of NO-ergic mechanism of L-arginine-L-glutamate influence on the quantitative composition of mucins and free radical processes rats in group ІV with erosive ulcerative lesions were injected with non-selective NO-synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester), at a dose of 1 mg per 100 g at the same time as injections of 4% solution of L-arginine-L-glutamate. The simulation of erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone in the experimental animals was accompanied by the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, the imbalance of the antioxidant defense systems and the development of oxidative stress in the blood, tissues of the stomach, liver and brain, which has tissue-specific features. In the blood of the animals, the activation of the enzymatic link of antioxidant defense did not compensate for free radical processes, as a result, the exhaustion of the reduced glutathione pool occurred, and the level of TBA-active products increased both in plasma and in erythrocytes. There was a depression of the enzymes of the antioxidant defense and a decrease in the level of recovered glutathione, indicating decompensating of the liver antioxidant protection systems in the liver tissue of the rats. In the experimental animals , formation of erosive ulcerative lesions was accompanied by destabilization of the oxidation-reducing processes in the brain, which led to the intensification of the lipoperoxidation. In the mucous membrane of the stomach of the experimental animals, the total number of protection factors – secretory mucins with a simultaneous structural change – decreased. The use of L-arginine-L-glutamate reduced the manifestations of oxidative stress in the stomach tissue of animals with experimental pathology and normalized the quantitative and qualitative composition of mucins. In the blood, liver tissues and brain of the rats, L-arginine-L-glutamate injections activated the enzymes of the first anti-radical linkage – superoxide dismutase and catalase contributed to the increase of the pool of reduced glutathione and the deceleration of free radical reactions. Investigation of reactions to the action of the inhibitor provides the basis for the hypothesis of the NO-mediated action of L-arginine-L-glutamate on the formation of S-nitrosothiols, as evidenced by the high level of reduced glutathione when the inhibitor is used.

scholarly journals Use of Carnosine for Oxidative Stress Reduction in Different Pathologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Prokopieva ◽  
E. G. Yarygina ◽  
N. A. Bokhan ◽  
S. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Radical Processes

The main properties and biological effects of the antioxidant carnosine, the natural dipeptideβ-alanyl-L-histidine, are considered. Data on the effective use of carnosine in different pathologies are presented. Special attention is paid to issues of use of carnosine in neurologic and mental diseases, in alcoholism as well as in physiological states accompanied by activation of free-radical processes and formation of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidant therapy of endothelialdysfunction

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nikolayevich Tyurenkov ◽  
Andrey Vladislavovich Voronkov ◽  
Anna Albertovna Sliyetsans ◽  
Yelena Grigoryevna Dorkina ◽  
Grigoriy Leonidovich Snigur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Radical Processes

The survey provides data on the broad participation of free radical processes in the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions, including in endothelial dysfunction, which necessitates the prevention and correction of such violations. Under these conditions pathogenetically justified is the use of antioxidants in clinical practice from various pharmacological groups as affecting oxidative stress, they have the potential to improve endothelial function, acting as endotelioprotektors.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in osteomyelitis and burns: Specific features of its role in development of pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4286-4293
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Martusevich ◽  
Valery I. Zagrekov ◽  
Ksenia L. Belyaeva ◽  
Alexander S. Pushkin ◽  
Anna G. Soloveva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the features of the initiation and development of oxidative stress in patients with osteomyelitis and burns. Methods: We studied the oxidative metabolism of blood of 20 healthy subjects (controls), 15 patients with burns, and 18 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. All patients included in the second group had thermal burns of the I-II-III degree in trunk and limbs on an area of 31-80% of the body surface without thermal inhalation trauma. After standard sample preparation, a wide range of parameters of oxidative metabolism was determined in the blood. The intensity of free radical processes in blood plasma and red blood cells, and the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by Fe-induced biochemiluminescence. The concentration of malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma and red blood cells was determined. The level of diene and triene conjugates and Schiff bases was determined spectrophotometrically using reagent kits. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the red blood cells of patients from each of the groups was also determined. Results: We showed that in osteomyelitis, which is a long-lasting process, changes in the balance of free radical generation and activity of the antioxidant system were compensatory and mostly related to changes in blood plasma. On the contrary, in burn victims, oxidative stress signs had a maladaptive character. They were seen in blood plasma and red blood cells, and accompanied by a pronounced depletion of enzyme antioxidant system reserves. Conclusion: Our study demonstrate the role of oxidative stress in patients with burns and chronic osteomyelitis, and demonstrate some specific features leading to formation of disease pathology. Such features of oxidative stress may be useful in future design of new approaches to correct the pathology of diseases.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress markers in patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant dependence syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
I. M. Bykov ◽  
D. A. Lubchenko ◽  
K. A. Popov ◽  
Ya. Ye. Denisova ◽  
A. N. Stolyarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
First Case ◽  
Radical Processes

Background. The available data from clinical studies suggest the essential role of free radical processes in the pathogenesis of drug dependence syndrome. At the same time, there is a limited understanding of using markers of oxidative stress in laboratory monitoring and prediction of drug pathology.Objective. To characterize changes in promising indicators of oxidative stress in patients with psychostimulant and opioid dependence syndrome.Material and Methods. The total study population was divided into three groups of men aged 23–35: healthy controls (n = 20), patients with the opioid (n = 20) and psychostimulant (n = 20) dependence syndrome. Patients were analyzed for the oxidative stress markers while being in therapy for addiction syndrome aimed at treating mental disorders and detoxification.Results. The study of antioxidant activity and blood plasma thiol groups did not reveal any significant differences between patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant addiction. The values of the parameters mentioned above were maintained by 20–30% lower than the control indices throughout the entire study. The nature of changes in erythrocyte suspension parameters was not so unambiguous. Thus, patients with opioid dependence syndrome were characterized by a 91% increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive materials in the setting of a slightly altered state of the glutathione system parameters. Psychostimulant dependent patients revealed relatively low level of the products of biomolecule oxidative modifications in the erythrocytes that is 52% higher compared to the control values. It decreased during the therapy, but glutathione concentration reduction by 33% and an imbalance of glutathione metabolism were determined.Conclusion. The course of the opioid dependence syndrome is characterized by a pronounced intensification of free radical processes while the common trait for psychostimulant abusers is significant changes in the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, in the first case, it is most justified to conduct a laboratory assessment of indicators of oxidative damage, and in the second one, it is also advisable to determine the markers of the state of individual links of the antioxidant system.

scholarly journals Intensity of free-radical processes in plasma of rat blood due to histamine and quercetin

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
N. Harasym ◽  
◽  
M. Verbeschuk ◽  
N. Bodnarchuk ◽  
M. Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Oxidative Modification Of Proteins ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Radical Processes

The content of products of lipoperoxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in rat blood plasma under the action of quercetin and histamine was investigated. Quercetin was used at concentrations of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 1; 3; 5 mm, and histoma - 0.01; 0.1; 1; 10 μm. It was found that quercetin in the blood plasma of rats causes a slight increase in the content of hydroperoxides and TBA-positive products, except the concentration of 0.5 mm, at which the content of secondary products is reduced and the content of primary remains within the control. Histamine at concentrations of 0.01; 0.1; 1; 10 µM leads to an increase in the content of hydroperoxides and a decrease in the number of TBK-positive products. The combined effect of histamine and quercetin causes a significant increase in primary lipoperoxidation products, whereas TBK-positive lipid peroxidation products decrease. Quercetin in the concentration range of 0.1÷1 mM intensifies the accumulation of carbonyl groups of proteins of basic and neutral nature, while flavonoid at concentrations of 3.5 mM – slows down. Histamine at all tested concentrations leads to an increase in the content of carbonyl groups of proteins, except the concentration of 0.1 μm. Against the background of high concentration histamine, quercetin reduces the intensity of oxidative modification of proteins. The simultaneous action of low concentration histamine and quercetin at a concentration of 0.5 and 5 mm leads to the accumulation of carbonyl groups of proteins of a neutral nature, as well as to the main only when exposed to quercetin at a concentration of 5 mm. According to the analysis of variance, it was found that quercetin has a maximum effect on the accumulation of TBA-positive products and carbonyl groups of proteins of basic character. Histamine is strongly influenced by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Quercetin at concentrations of 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 1; 3 mm determines between the indices of free radical processes under study, in the blood plasma of rats, a strong interconnectedness, and a bioflavonoid at a concentration of 5 mm leads to the formation of interconnections of average strength. Histamine at concentrations of 10; 1; 0.1 µM causes a close correlation of the mean strength between the individual indices of free radical oxidation. Histamine at a concentration of 0.01 μm causes a significant increase in the correlation between the parameters of sex and oxidative modification of proteins. The combined effect of quercetin at a concentration of 0.1 mm and histamine at a concentration of 0.01 μm causes a change in the nature of the correlation dependence, which becomes strong between most of the studied parameters.

Activity of the glutathione system and NADPH-generating enzymes under the action of melatonin during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Т.Н. Попова ◽  
О.А. Сафонова ◽  
А.О. Столярова ◽  
Т.И. Рахманова ◽  
Л.Ф. Панченко
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Radical Processes

Цель: В связи с ролью оксидативного стресса в патогенезе ишемических повреждений головного мозга изучить влияние препарата мелаксена (химический аналог гормона мелатонина) на активность антиоксидантных ферментов и некоторых ферментов окислительного метаболизма, способных лимитировать свободнорадикальные процессы при ишемии. Методика. В качестве объекта исследования использовали самцов белых лабораторных крыс. Индуцирование ишемии головного мозга у животных опытных групп осуществляли путем 30-минутной окклюзии общих сонных артерий, реперфузии достигали снятием окклюзоров. в головном мозге и сыворотке крови крыс изучали активность глутатионпероксидазы, глутатионредуктазы и глутатионтрансферазы, содержание восстановленного глутатиона, активность глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы и НАДФ-изоцитратдегидрогеназы, способных выступать в роли поставщиков НАДФН для работы глутатионовой антиоксидантной системы. Активность ферментов и концентрацию восстановленного глутатиона определяли спектрофотометрически. Результаты. При действии мелаксена выявлено восстановление активности ферментов и уровня восстановленного глутатиона до значений близких к таковым у ложнооперированных животных. Полученные результаты могут быть объяснены с точки зрения торможения свободнорадикальных процессов за счет реализации антиоксидантных и нейропротекторных свойств мелатонина на фоне развития оксидативного стресса в условиях нарушения мозгового кровообращения, что приводит к снижению степени мобилизации антиоксидантной системы и некоторых ферментов окислительного метаболизма, которые, по-видимому, при реализации адаптивного ответа действуют как единая система. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут служить обоснованием дальнейшего исследования возможности применения мелатонин-корригирующих средств для фармакологической коррекции изменений метаболизма при развитии патологий подобного рода. Due to the involvement of oxidative stress in brain ischemic damage and to antioxidant properties of the hormone melatonin, it was relevant to study the effect of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes and some enzymes of oxidative metabolism that limit free radical processes in pathology. The aim was to study the effect of melaxen, a melatonin analogue, on activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase, content of reduced glutathione, and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which can supply NADPH to the glutathione antioxidant system, in the brain and blood serum of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Methods. White male rats were used in the study. Cerebral ischemia was induced by 30-min occlusion of common carotid arteries; reperfusion was induced by removing the occlusion. Activities of enzymes and concentration of reduced glutathione were measured spectrophotometrically. Results. Melaxen reversed the increased enzyme activities and the reduced glutathione level induced by the pathological conditions returning them to the control values. This can be explained by inhibition of free radical processes under the action of the antioxidant melatonin and its neuroprotective effect in oxidative stress associated with disorders of cerebral circulation. The result is decreased mobilization of the antioxidant system and some enzymes of oxidative metabolism, which act as a single system in the adaptive response. Conclusion. The study justified further investigation of the possibility for using melatonin-correcting agents for pharmacological correction of metabolic changes in such pathologies.

scholarly journals Regularities of Oxidative Stress Course in Cerebral Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Silina ◽  
Sofia Alekseevna Rumyantseva ◽  
Victor Aleksandrovich Stupin ◽  
Vasily Vladimirovich Afanasiev ◽  
Natalia Ivanovna Menshova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Radical Processes

AbstractObjective of the article: to improve diagnosis and treatment results of patients with ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes by means of a comprehensive in-depth review of free radical processes and the defining of patterns of their course under the conditions of stroke. During the study, the authors established the regularities for the course of free radical processes in stroke with the development of oxidative stress and the severity of peroxidelipid component, which increases in proportion to the severity of ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke with maximum intensity in cases of adverse outcomes. Multi-stage mathematical modelling allowed for the determination of a highly effective formula for early stroke prognosis, which includes only 5 indicators used for estimation at hospitalization: consciousness level, blood glucose level, number of leukocytes in venous blood, antiperoxide activity of plasma and malondialdehyde. It was found that each of these parameters is an independent marker of hospital mortality. The consideration of all these indicators makes it possible to carry out early prognostic diagnostics with 90% probability and to timely correct treatment. We have also established digital boundaries, which are indications for the administration of energy correct therapy, the proper implementation of which has significantly improved the results of hospital treatment.

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