scholarly journals Entomological Investigation Following a Zika Outbreak in Brownsville, Texas

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
John-Paul Mutebi ◽  
Marvin Godsey ◽  
Dominic Rose ◽  
Fred Barnes ◽  
Jesus Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Arbovirus Surveillance ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT In November and December 2016, an outbreak of locally transmitted Zika occurred in Brownsville, TX. The Texas Department of State Health Services requested for a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epi Aid, and as part of that Epi Aid a team of CDC entomologists was deployed in January 2017. The mission was to improve mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance and evaluate the possibility of continuing local Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission in the city. The mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance program was expanded from 4 to 40 BG-Sentinel traps evenly distributed throughout the city. Over a 2-wk period, 15 mosquito species were detected; the most abundant species were Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Ae. albopictus, which accounted for 66.7%, 16.2%, and 5.7% of the total mosquito collection, respectively. The relative abundance of Ae. aegypti (1.0 mosquitoes/trap/day) and Ae. albopictus (0.4 mosquitoes/trap/day) was very low and unlikely to initiate and/or sustain ZIKV transmission. Zika virus was not detected in the mosquitoes collected, suggesting no or extremely low ZIKV transmission at that time.

scholarly journals From Surveillance To Control: Evaluation of A Larvicide Intervention Against Aedes aegypti In Brownsville, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Selene M. Garcia-Luna ◽  
Luis Fernando Chaves ◽  
José G. Juarez ◽  
Bethany G. Bolling ◽  
Arturo Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
The City ◽  
Contingency Contract ◽  
Local Transmission

ABSTRACT South Texas is recognized as a potential area for the emergence and re-emergence of mosquito-borne diseases due to recent circulation of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. During 2017, high Aedes aegypti abundance found in the city of Brownsville, TX, in combination with the previous year's local transmission of Zika virus, triggered the activation of the Texas Department of State Health Services Emergency Mosquito Control Contingency Contract. A contract with the Clarke Environmental and Mosquito Control was a response to control Ae. aegypti, using a ground-based wide-area larvicide spray (WALS™) containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. The WALS application was evaluated through a field-based bioassay and by comparing surveillance data pre- and post-WALS application. The WALS application bioassay demonstrated that the larvicide was effective up to 60 m into the target properties. Additionally, the number of Ae. aegypti captured in traps decreased in the WALS intervention areas compared with the untreated control areas, with an estimated 29% control.

scholarly journals A Checklist of the Mosquito Species in 13 Counties West of San Antonio, Texas

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
William J. Sames ◽  
Raymond F. Dunton ◽  
Bethany G. Bolling
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
County Level ◽  
Species List ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Collection Data

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to consolidate mosquito information for 13 counties west of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, and to create a species checklist for future regional studies. The resulting checklist established a baseline for local mosquito-borne disease surveillance and can serve as a resource for public health officials. The 13 counties in this region were Bandera, Edwards, Kendall, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Maverick, Medina, Real, Sutton, Uvalde, Val Verde, and Zavala counties. To develop the checklist, county-level mosquito species data were extracted from 38 peer-reviewed publications and government documents, university reference collections, private collections, and the Texas Department of State Health Services' historical collection data. These data were combined with author field collections to create a comprehensive species list. Overall, 339 county-level records were documented through field studies with a total of 36 species representing 8 genera confirmed as being present in this region. An additional 14 species listed in historical surveillance records were not collected during this study.

scholarly journals A Survey of the Mosquito Species in Maxcanu, Yucatan, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Cauich-Kumul ◽  
Juana María Coronado-Blanco ◽  
Jorge Ruiz-Ruiz ◽  
Maira Segura-Campos ◽  
Edgar Koyoc-Cardeña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Rural Locality

ABSTRACT A survey was carried out to identify the mosquitoes inhabiting human premises in the rural locality of Maxcanú, Yucatán, Mexico. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention backpack aspirators, simple random sampling was carried out inside of 101 homes during the November 2013 rainy season. A total of 1,492 specimens were collected. Three subfamilies (Anophelinae, Culicinae, and Toxorhynchitinae) and 5 species were identified: Anopheles albimanus, Aedes aegypti, Culex interrogator, Limatus durhamii, and Toxorhynchites theobaldi. The most abundant species was Cx. interrogator (74%) followed by Ae. aegypti (25%). The Chao 1 and Bootstrap species richness estimator indicated that it was possible to collect 90% of the expected species. This is the 1st time that the presence of An. albimanus, Cx. interrogator, Li. durhamii, and Tx. theobaldi has been recorded in Maxcanú.

scholarly journals Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Texas: An update covering years 1993 through 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Kenneth Nugent ◽  
James Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Control And Prevention

Background: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome continues to occur sporadically in Texas.Rivers and coworkers published a summary of cases identified between 1993 and 2006. Thisreport updates the information on Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases identified between 2007and 2016 to determine whether or not there are differences in clinical presentation or outcomes.Methods: The Texas Department of State Health Services collects information on the Hantaviruspulmonary syndrome using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special PathogensBranch case report form (OMB No.0920-0090). This form collects demographic information, patientexposure information, timeline, clinical information, laboratory tests, and outcomes.Results: This report summarizes information from the Texas Department of State HealthServices on 45 cases with Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reported between 1993 and2016. Most patients were men and were non-Hispanic white or Hispanics. Laboratory testsrevealed leukocytosis, an increased percentage of neutrophil bands, hemoconcentration,thrombocytopenia, and variable acute kidney injury. The case fatality rate was 31%. Since2007, the case fatality rate has decreased. The cases remain clustered in the Northwest Texas(Public Health Region 1).Summary: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome continues to occur sporadically in Texas. Theclinical presentation has not changed since 1993, but outcomes appear to be improving. Publichealth efforts need to focus on public education to reduce the risk of exposure.

scholarly journals A New Record of Aedes thibaulti In Massachusetts

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
Ellen P. Bidlack ◽  
Kaitlyn M. O'Donnell ◽  
Douglas S. Bidlack ◽  
Todd B. Duval ◽  
Curtis Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
New Record ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The City ◽  
Collection Sites ◽  
Wetland Types

ABSTRACT For the 1st time, collections of adult female Aedes thibaulti are reported from Massachusetts. Initial collections occurred in 2016 and again in 2017 and 2018. This mosquito was found at 35 locations within 28 municipalities, including the city of Boston. Most of the Ae. thibaulti were collected with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps baited with CO2. Collections were made from epidemiological (EPI) wk 22 to 35 with a peak at EPI wk 24. Although larvae have not yet been collected, the most common wetland types adjacent to collection sites were forested wetlands, which is consistent with the known larval habitat of this mosquito species. Aedes thibaulti is likely established in the state of Massachusetts.

scholarly journals Implication of Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landre Djamouko-Djonkam ◽  
Diane Leslie Nkahe ◽  
Edmond Kopya ◽  
Abdou Talipouo ◽  
Carmene Sandra Ngadjeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The City

The contribution of Anopheles funestus to malaria transmission in the urban environment is still not well documented. The present study assesses the implication of An. funestus in malaria transmission in two districts, Nsam and Mendong, in the city of Yaoundé. Adult mosquitoes were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and human landing catches from April 2017 to March 2018 and were identified morphologically to the species level. Those belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex and to the Anopheles funestus group were further processed by PCR to identify members of each complex/group. Anopheline mosquitoes were analysed to determine their infection status using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioassays were conducted with 2–5-day-old female Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s.l. to determine their susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Six anopheline species were collected in the peri-urban district of Mendong: Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. funestus, An. leesoni, An. ziemanni and An. marshallii; only four out of the six were recorded in Nsam. Of the two members of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected, An. coluzzii was the most prevalent. Anopheles coluzzii was the most abundant species in Nsam, while An. funestus was the most abundant in Mendong. Both Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae s.l. were found to be infected with human Plasmodium at both sites, and both were found to be resistant to DDT, permethrin, and deltamethrin. This study confirms the participation of An. funestus in malaria transmission in Yaoundé and highlights the need to also target this species for sustainable control of malaria transmission.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of two chromogenic media for surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales with non-carbapenemase-producing or carbapenemase-producing strains other than blaKPC: blaGES-5, blaNDM-1 or blaVIM-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Chang-Hun Park
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Contact Precaution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) are an emerging problem associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. CREs are divided into two categories (carbapenemase-producing [CP] CRE and non-CP CRE). The most prevalent carbapenemase produced by Enterobacterales is Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in Korea. Rapid identification of CREs is clinically important in infection control precaution. We compared the performance of two chromogenic media (chromID CARBA agar and CHROMagar KPC agar) for non-CP CREs or CP CREs with blaGES-5, blaNDM-1 or blaVIM-2 in a Korean hospital. Methods The study was carried out during a 3-month period from April to June 2017 during the surveillance program for CRE colonization. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed at the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results A total of 45 rectal swabs from 42 hospitalized patients were examined. Sensitivity of both chromID CARBA and CHROMagar KPC were 100% for CP CREs; and 50% and 100% for non-CP CREs, respectively. Specificity of chromID CARBA and CHROMagar KPC were 89.2% and 70.3% for CP CRE, respectively; and 76.9% and 66.7% for non-CP CRE, respectively. Conclusions The CHROMagar KPC is useful to monitor non-CP and CP CREs. The chromID CARBA is efficient for rapid detection of CP CREs requiring high contact precaution.

scholarly journals Transmission Potential of Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Zimler ◽  
Donald A Yee ◽  
Barry W Alto
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Recurrence of local transmission of Zika virus in Puerto Rico is a major public health risk to the United States, where mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes mediovittatus (Coquillett) are abundant. To determine the extent to which Ae. mediovittatus are capable of transmitting Zika virus and the influence of viremia, we evaluated infection and transmission in Ae. mediovittatus and Ae. aegypti from Puerto Rico using serial dilutions of infectious blood. Higher doses of infectious blood resulted in greater infection rates in both mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti females were up to twice as susceptible to infection than Ae. mediovittatus, indicating a more effective midgut infection barrier in the latter mosquito species. Aedes aegypti exhibited higher disseminated infection (40–95%) than Ae. mediovittatus (<5%), suggesting a substantial midgut escape barrier in Ae. mediovittatus. For Ae. aegypti, transmission rates were low over a range of doses of Zika virus ingested, suggesting substantial salivary gland barriers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽  
Lulus Susanti ◽  
Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽  
Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽  
Dwi Susilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between either any methods or the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

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