Hospital-acquired Respiratory-Tract Infections in the Teaching Hospitals of Sfax

Background: Hospital-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal patients. This includes escalation of respiratory support, increased length of hospital stay, and need for home oxygen, as well as higher healthcare costs. To date, no studies have compared population rates of VRTIs across age groups. Aim: Quantify the rates of hospital-acquired VRTIs in our neonatal population compared with other inpatient age groups in Nottinghamshire, UK. Methods: We compared all hospital inpatient PCR-positive viral respiratory samples between 2007 and 2013 and calculated age-stratified rates based on population estimates. Results: From a population of 4,707,217, we identified a previously unrecognised burden of VRTI in neonatal patients, only second to the 0–1-year-old group. Although only accounting for 1.3% of the population, half of the infections were in infants <1 year old and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Human rhinovirus was the most dominant virus across the inpatient group, particularly in neonatal patients. Despite a two- to three-fold increase in the rate of positive samples in all groups during the colder months (1.1/1,000 October–March vs. 0.4/1,000 April–September), rates in the NICU did not change throughout the year at 4.3/1,000. Pandemic H1N1 influenza rates were 20 times higher in neonatal patients and infants <1 year old. Conclusion: Good epidemiological and interventional data are needed to help inform visiting and infection control policies to reduce transmission of hospital-acquired viral infections to this vulnerable population, particularly during pandemic seasons.

Download Full-text

Correcting for bias when estimating the cost of hospital-acquired infection: an analysis of lower respiratory tract infections in non-surgical patients

Health Economics ◽

10.1002/hec.967 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 755-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Nicholas Graves ◽

Diana Weinhold ◽

Jennifer A. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired Infection ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Cost ◽

Hospital Acquired

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial susceptibility and co-resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from hospital-acquired respiratory-tract infections: SMART 2017–2019 Malaysia

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ◽

10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106421.101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 21003721

Author(s):

Y. Khoo ◽

T. Ong ◽

E. Yamada ◽

N. Zakaria ◽

S. Mustakim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired

Download Full-text

Effect of the “Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Requirements” on hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections in China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06886-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caiyun Chen ◽

Ping Zhu ◽

Yongxiang Zhang ◽

Bo Liu

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

And Control ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background No studies have yet reported the effect of prevention and control measures, which were implemented to combat COVID-19, on the prevention and control of common HAIs. We aimed to examine the effect of the “Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Requirements” (implemented in May 2020) by comparison of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections (CAIs) in China during 2018, 2019, and 2020. Methods Data of inpatients before and after implementation of new requirements were retrospectively analyzed, including infection rate, use of alcohol-based hand cleaner, anatomical sites of infections, pathogen species, infection by multi-drug resistant species, and use of different antibiotics. Results The HAI rate was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P < 0.05), and the CAI rate was significantly higher in 2019 and 2020 than in 2018 (P < 0.001). Lower respiratory tract infections were the most common HAI during all years, with no significant changes over time. Lower respiratory tract infections were also the most common CAI, but were significantly more common in 2018 and 2019 than 2020 (P < 0.001). There were no changes in upper respiratory tract infections among HAIs or CAIs. Most HAIs and CAIs were from Gram-negative bacteria, and the percentages of fungal infections were greater in 2019 and 2020 than 2018. MRSA infections were more common in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P < 0.05). The utilization rate and usage days of antibiotics decreased over time (P < 0.001) and the culture rate of microbial specimens before antibiotic usage increased over time (P < 0.001). Conclusions The new prevention and control requirements provided important benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their effects on HAIs were not obvious.

Download Full-text

Practical Comparison of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel to Routine Diagnostic Methods and Potential Impact on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Adult Hospitalized Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00135-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Blake W. Buchan ◽

Sam Windham ◽

Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat ◽

Amy Leber ◽

Amanda Harrington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Percent Agreement ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

The Impact ◽

Antibiotic Agents

ABSTRACT Lower respiratory tract infections, including hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia, are common in hospitalized patient populations. Standard methods frequently fail to identify the infectious etiology due to the polymicrobial nature of respiratory specimens and the necessity of ordering specific tests to identify viral agents. The potential severity of these infections combined with a failure to clearly identify the causative pathogen results in administration of empirical antibiotic agents based on clinical presentation and other risk factors. We examined the impact of the multiplexed, semiquantitative BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia panel (PN panel) test on laboratory reporting for 259 adult inpatients submitting bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens for laboratory analysis. The PN panel demonstrated a combined 96.2% positive percent agreement (PPA) and 98.1% negative percent agreement (NPA) for the qualitative identification of 15 bacterial targets compared to routine bacterial culture. Semiquantitative values reported by the PN panel were frequently higher than values reported by culture, resulting in semiquantitative agreement (within the same log10 value) of 43.6% between the PN panel and culture; however, all bacterial targets reported as >105 CFU/ml in culture were reported as ≥105 genomic copies/ml by the PN panel. Viral targets were identified by the PN panel in 17.7% of specimens tested, of which 39.1% were detected in conjunction with a bacterial target. A review of patient medical records, including clinically prescribed antibiotics, revealed the potential for antibiotic adjustment in 70.7% of patients based on the PN panel result, including discontinuation or de-escalation in 48.2% of patients, resulting in an average savings of 6.2 antibiotic days/patient.

Download Full-text

Sensitivity of Antibiotics Containing Citrobacter Bacteria

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v4i14.5649 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A Dohtukaeva ◽

L Molochaeva ◽

Y Usaeva ◽

F Turlova ◽

T Khasanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Abdominal Infections ◽

Hospital Acquired

Enterobacteria are one of the most common infectious agents among opportunistic pathogens. Both among community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections, such as intestinal and extra-intestinal localization (urinary, respiratory tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin and soft tissues, as well as generalized infections), the cases with resistant citrobacteria are quite common to observe. Recently, Citrobacter bacteria are getting widely spread as determinants of antibiotic resistance through its representatives. This fact greatly complicates the therapy towards infections.

Download Full-text