scholarly journals Independent Predictors of Recurrence of Vertigo Among Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
OA Sogebi ◽  
EA Oyewole

Background: Recurrence of vertigo indicates a morbidity to the patient and a dilemma for the managing physician. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of vertigo, document prevalence and explore the characteristics which could independently predict recurrence of vertigo. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients managed for vertigo in a tertiary facility was retrospectively done. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, associations of vertigo, audiological symptoms, comorbid illnesses, and duration to achieve control of vertigo were recorded. Recurrence of vertigo was used to categorize the patients. The factors that were associated with recurrence on univariate analyses were evaluated as independent predictors of recurrence of vertigo. Results: The 73 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4 were aged 35 -78 (mean 56.6±9.9) years. The associated symptoms included body weakness (34.2%), audiological symptoms (38.4%), 27.4% had antecedent head and neck injury and vertigo was precipitated or aggravated by changes in the head and neck position in 63.0% Vertigo was controlled within 1 -7 (Median 2) days, 35.6% had a recurrence of vertigo. Age, the experience of nausea and vomiting, previous head and neck injury, presence of comorbidity, and long duration to achieve control of vertigo were significantly associated with recurrence of vertigo. All these factors except the presence of comorbidity could independently predict the recurrence of vertigo. Conclusion: Vertigo is common in adult females, and mostly positional in type. About a third of patients may have a recurrence of vertigo. Age, especially above 57 years, nausea and vomiting, head and neck injury and prolonged period to control vertigo may independently predict recurrence of vertigo.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2841-2843
Author(s):  
Muhammad Omer Farooq ◽  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
Hassan Nadeem ◽  
Kashif Rafi ◽  
Sadia Jabbar ◽  
...  

Objective: To determine the frequency of high MELD score in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection due to hepatocellular carcinoma also compare the frequency of mortality in patients with high or low MELD score. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Duration: 6months i.e. 23 12-2017 to 22-06-2018. Methodology: 75 patients were enrolled. Then blood sample was obtained. Reports assessed and MELD score calculated. Scores were labeled as high or low. Patients underwent liver resection according to BCLC. The mortality was noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Results: In this study out of total 75 cases 60 were males and 15 females. The mean age of patients was 39.44±9.76 years, male to female ratio was 4:1. Low MELD class was noted in 45 (60%) cases and high MELD class noted in 30(40%) cases. Mortality occurred in 27(36%) cases. Insignificant difference found between the MELD class with mortality. Conclusion: High MELD score was seen in 40% cirrhotic patients undergoing liver resection due to HCC. Post HCC resection, mortality occurred in 36% patients within three months of surgery. No significant association was found between the mortality and MELD score. Keywords: MELD, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Mortality, Cirrhosis


1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
Stefania Salmaso ◽  
Damiano Abeni ◽  
Giovanna Brancato ◽  
Alessandra Anemona ◽  
...  

We conducted a study to describe current patterns of drug-related behaviors, and to identify characteristics that may distinguish injecting drug users entering treatment from those out of treatment, in five Italian cities. Overall, 1,180 subjects were recruited — 568 entering treatment and 612 out of treatment. Male to female ratio was 6.6:1. The median age was similar in the two groups. A high proportion of injecting drug users recruited out of treatment had been in treatment at least once. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users entering treatment was not higher than that of those who were out of treatment. Furthermore, a large proportion of injecting drug users who still were out of treatment reported having adopted safe behaviors. The results of the study emphasize the need to implement outreach programs aimed at harm reduction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaid ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Omer Sabir ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Riaz ◽  
Mubashar Dilawar ◽  
...  

The initiation of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires vascular access formation. The choice of vascular access for individual patient depends on various factors however arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is conventionally considered to be the vascular access of choice. Once hemodialysis is initiated through a mature AVF, there is an ongoing need for surveillance of the AVF to ensure adequate function and prevent vascular access issues among which flow obstruction (both inflow and outflow) remains the most important. AVF stenosis can potentially lead to inadequate dialysis delivery and thrombosis thus leading to access loss. Physical examination and AVF Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) are useful for evaluation of stenosis in the  arteriovenous connection and the outflow tract. Periodic assessment of the AVF with Static Intra access Pressure (SIAPR) determination may be a reliable means of predicting vascular access stenosis. Material & Methods  A cross sectional study carried out at Department of Nephrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from July 2018 to December 2018. In total 113 patients were included, and all patients underwent SIAPR assessment and Doppler Ultrasound of AVF. Results Mean age of the patients was 56.81±9.38 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.8:1. In this study the SIAPR was suggestive of  stenosis in 87(76.99%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of SIAPR against Doppler US of the AVF for detection of stenosis was 75.86%, 22.62% & 36.28% respectively Conclusion SIAPR has low specificity and diagnostic accuracy compared to Doppler US for detection of AVF stenosis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Sanam Thapa Magar ◽  
Gokarna Ghimire ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and anid fast staining (AFB) for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in specimen of patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 400 samples (PTB-365 and EPTB-35) of patients visiting National Tuberculosis Centre (NTC) was conducted from July 2018 to December 2018. Gene Xpert MTB/ RIF Assay, smear microscopy were performed under standard guideline inside biosafety cabinet class II. The result obtained from both the tests were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software and Excel 2019. Results: Of the total samples, 18% (72/400) and 39% (156/400) were positive by AFB smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF assay respectively. Prevalence of MTB positive was highest in the age group 35-44 years, 33 cases (17.74%) were detected in total, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Pleural fluid, pus, and CSF fluid also yielded positive results with the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay accounting 1.28%, 0.64% and 1.28% of MTB positive case respectively. Rifampicin resistance was observed in 1.28% of the cases. Conclusion: The key findings of this study suggest that Gene Xpert test should be implemented as primary diagnostic test for PTB and EPTB.


2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
N Ahmed ◽  
MZ Islam ◽  
S Farjana

Disease pattern in a given population is generally determined by different ecological factors. Thus the objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the pattern of skin diseases in a selected rural community of Dhamrai Upazila under Dhaka district. Out of 2645 patients attending a medical camp showed 410(15.5%) patients with dermatological problems. Among all, 260(63.4%) patients were males and 150(36.6%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Of these patients, 178(43.4%) had cutaneous infections and 234(56.6%) had non-infectious dermatoses. Few patients (2.7%) had more than one dermatoses. Fungal infection was the commonest infection seen (22.9%) and eczemas took an upper hand in non-infectious group (32.2%). Improvement in the standard of living, health education, improvement in the environmental sanitation and good nutritious food may help the people to bring down the skin disease in the rural part of country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18784 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 50-52


Author(s):  
Nida Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Sana Khurram ◽  
Naveena Fatima ◽  
Tahir Shamsi ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the presence and characteristics of additional karyotype abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukaemia cases. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplant, Karachi, from May 2010 to September 2016 and comprised diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemiapatients regardless of age and gender.Baseline cytogenetic evaluation was done on overnight, 24-hrs un-stimulated and 72-hrs stimulated bone marrow cultures, and karyotypes were defined according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature2013. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: There were 222 cases with a median age of 38 years (range: 12-84 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1. Chronic myeloid leukaemiawas detected in 18(8.1%) patients havingadditional cytogenetic abnormalities. Among the patients found positive, cytogenetic type was minor in 10(55.55%), major 3(16.66%), complex 3(16.66%), and variant 2(11.11%). . Conclusion: Additional cytogenetic abnormalitieswere found in 8% of the sample. Key Words: Additional cytogenetic abnormalities, Chronic myelogenous leukaemia, Bone marrow, Cytogenetics.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Yusak Mangara Tua Siahaan ◽  
Pricilla Yani Gunawan ◽  
Jeffry Foraldy Haryanto ◽  
Veli Sungono

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common problem caused by thickening of the plantar fascia. The normal plantar fascia thickness ranged between 2-3 mm and it was generally accepted that value more than 4mm was considered pathologic. Objective: to identify normal plantar fascia thickness in adults using ultrasonography. Methods: This is a cross sectional study measuring the thickness of plantar fascia in 145 subjects with no history of heel pain. Plantar fascia thickness was measured in both feet using an ultrasound. Age, height and weight were recorded and analysed. Results: As much as 145 subjects were included in this study. Male to female ratio was 0.7. Mean age was 44 and body mass index (BMI) was mostly within normal range. Plantar fascia thickness in male was 2.71 ± 0.48 mm in right foot, and 2.74 ± 0.47 mm in left foot. Fascia thickness in female was 2.55 ± 0.50 mm in right foot, and 2.57 ± 0.45 mm in left foot. There was a significant plantar fascia thickness difference between male and female (p = 0.035 in right foot, and p=0.04 in left foot). Age, weight and BMI had a significant correlation towards plantar fascia thickness. In multivariate analysis, age and BMI revealed to have a linear correlation to plantar fascia thickness Conclusion: Age and BMI were found to be the best predictive factor of plantar fascia thickness.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Ananda Kumar Sharma ◽  
D N Shah ◽  
M P Upadhyay ◽  
M Thapa ◽  
G. S. Shrestha

Background: Congenital Cataract is the most important cause of treatable childhood blindness. Rubella is one of the major causes of preventable disease in many countries. There are scanty reports on congenital cataract in Nepal. Objective: To find out the demographic and etiological factors of congenital cataract in children. Method: In a hospital based cross sectional study, 46 children with congenital cataract were evaluated to find out morphology of cataract, laterality, associated ocular and systemic abnormality, visual status and etiology of cataract. Assessment included antenatal, birth and neonatal history, a detailed eye examination in slit lamp or the operating microscope under general anaesthesia, serum serology for TORCH infections, random blood sugar, urine reducing substance and thyroid profile. Result: Among 46 children with congenital cataract, 76.1% children presented before 5 years of age and 78.2% had bilateral onset. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Most of the children were legally blind (79.3%) in cataractous eye. Family history of congenital cataract was present in 15.2% cases. The most common mode of presentation was leukocoria in 91.3%. Microcornea (28.3%), resolved uveitis (13.0%), and iris atrophy (8.7%) were the most common ocular associations. Delayed developmental milestone (21.7%) and cardiac anomalies (10.9%) were the most common systemic anomalies. Lamellar cataract (51.3%) was the most common morphology of cataracts observed. The maternal infection was the major cause of congenital cataract in 17.4% cases with predominantly rubella infection in 13% cases. Conclusion: Most of the children with cataract are legally blind. Maternal infection in the antenatal period is the major cause of congenital cataract.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v12i1.11975  Health Renaissance 2014;12(1):3-10


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1678-1681
Author(s):  
Khurram Shahnawaz ◽  
Farhan Zahoor ◽  
Bushra Madni ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
...  

Objective: To find out pattern along with age and gender wise distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD). Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex, Narowal. Period: January 2019 to February 2020. Material & Methods: During the study period, a total of 151 children aged between 1 month to 15 years as confirmed case of CHD according to echocardiography were enrolled for this study. Gender, age categories, area of residence and types of CHDs were represented as frequency and percentages. Patients with different types of CHDs were distributed between both gender and different age categories. SPSS version 26.0 was used to handle and analyze all study related data. Results: During the study period, a total of 151 confirmed cases of CHD were enrolled. There were 82 (54.3%) male and 69 (45.7%) female representing a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Most of the cases were aged less than 1 year. There were 118 (78.1%) children below 1 year of age while 22 (14.6%) between 1 to 5 years of age and 11 (7.3%) above 5 years of age. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and ASD were noted to be the most frequent types of acyanotic heart lesions in 41 (27.2%) and 29 (19.2%) cases respectively whereas TOF was the most frequent type of cyanotic heart lesion in 23 (15.2%) cases. Conclusion: VSD followed by ASD and TOF were noted to be the most frequent types of CHD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Abbas M. Mungia ◽  
Sira Stanslaus Owibingire ◽  
Jeremiah Robert Moshy ◽  
Karpal Singh Sohal ◽  
William Sianga

Introduction: Hemangiomas arise from the proliferation of endothelial cells surrounding blood-filled cavities. They have a slightly higher female predilection and about 60–70% of them occur in the head and neck region. Various medical and surgical options are available for the treatment of hemangiomas. Aim: To determine the pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas in Tanzania. Material and methods: This was a one-year prospective, cross-sectional study that involved all consecutive patients with head and neck hemangiomas treated in Muhimbili National Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information including age and sex of the patient, chief complaint and, duration, size and site of the lesion. The treatment modalities were surgery and/or intralesional bleomycin injection (IL-Bleo). A standard dose of bleomycin was 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg per injection not exceeding 15 units per cycle with a maximum of 6 cycles. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were performed and association between variables was assessed by the Chi-square test, whereby the p-value was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 and the median age was 6.15 years. Majority (74%) of the patients had infantile hemangioma. The most common presenting complaint of patients/guardians of the patients were facial disfigurement (94.8%), pain (32.8%) and ulceration (22.4%). The most frequently involved sites were the lips (55.2%) followed by the cheeks (37.9%). In patient who were managed surgically, there was a 100% reduction in size of the lesion. Of those who were treated with bleomycin, the percentage reduction in the area of the lesion ranged from 8.33% to 100% with mean of 72.6%. Only 6% of the patient had post IL-Bleo complications. Conclusion: Head and Neck hemangiomas are more common in females and majority are infantile hemangioma. Facial disfigurement is the commonest presenting complication of these lesions, and the lips and the cheeks are mostly affected areas. Intralesional bleomycin is an effective treatment modality which has low complication rates.


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