Pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas: a prospective study from Tanzania

Introduction: Hemangiomas arise from the proliferation of endothelial cells surrounding blood-filled cavities. They have a slightly higher female predilection and about 60–70% of them occur in the head and neck region. Various medical and surgical options are available for the treatment of hemangiomas. Aim: To determine the pattern and management outcomes of head and neck hemangiomas in Tanzania. Material and methods: This was a one-year prospective, cross-sectional study that involved all consecutive patients with head and neck hemangiomas treated in Muhimbili National Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information including age and sex of the patient, chief complaint and, duration, size and site of the lesion. The treatment modalities were surgery and/or intralesional bleomycin injection (IL-Bleo). A standard dose of bleomycin was 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg per injection not exceeding 15 units per cycle with a maximum of 6 cycles. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were performed and association between variables was assessed by the Chi-square test, whereby the p-value was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 and the median age was 6.15 years. Majority (74%) of the patients had infantile hemangioma. The most common presenting complaint of patients/guardians of the patients were facial disfigurement (94.8%), pain (32.8%) and ulceration (22.4%). The most frequently involved sites were the lips (55.2%) followed by the cheeks (37.9%). In patient who were managed surgically, there was a 100% reduction in size of the lesion. Of those who were treated with bleomycin, the percentage reduction in the area of the lesion ranged from 8.33% to 100% with mean of 72.6%. Only 6% of the patient had post IL-Bleo complications. Conclusion: Head and Neck hemangiomas are more common in females and majority are infantile hemangioma. Facial disfigurement is the commonest presenting complication of these lesions, and the lips and the cheeks are mostly affected areas. Intralesional bleomycin is an effective treatment modality which has low complication rates.

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Prevalence of p-16 Positive Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Tumors in Nepalese Population: A Hospital based Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.5132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (229) ◽

Author(s):

Bigyan Raj Gyawali ◽

Kunjan Acharya ◽

Ravindra Sapkota ◽

Dharma Kanta Baskota ◽

Bimal Kumar Sinha

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Region ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Acute Tonsillitis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Tumor Group ◽

P16 Expression ◽

P16 Overexpression

Introduction: P16 overexpression is considered as a good prognostic marker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are very few literatures on the prevalence and outcomes of p16 overexpression in non-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and benign head and neck tumors. The aim of our study was to estimate the hospital based prevalence of p16 positive laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors and to compare it with the prevalence of p16 expression in the non tumor tissue (tonsils). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Cases of all genders >15 years presenting with malignant or benign tumors of larynx and all the subsites of pharynx were included in the study for evaluation of p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Tonsillar tissue of cases undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent acute tonsillitis were taken as non-tumorous tissue to evaluate for p16 expression. Results: A total of 48 cases were included in our study with 24 cases having different tumors of head and neck region and 24 cases having recurrent acute tonsillitis who were kept under non-tumor group. Eight cases (33.3%) in the tumor group showed positive stain for p16 in IHC. In non tumor group, 7 cases (29.1%) showed positive IHC staining for p16. Conclusions: P16 expression can be present in both benign and malignant tumors of various subsites of head and neck region and also in tonsillar tissue affected by inflammation.

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Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Differentiation between Inflammatory and Cystic Swellings of Head and Neck Region

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1155 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 117-124

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Region ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Neck Lesion ◽

Solid Lesions

ABSTRACT Ultrasound means the form of sound energy beyond the audible range. Ultrasonography (USG) is a safe and reliable method of examination that causes little patient discomfort and provides valuable information concerning size, location, internal nature of soft tissue masses in oral and neck lesion. Ultrasound is capable of differentiating cystic from solid lesions. The aim of this study was to compare the ultrasonographic differentiation of inflammatory swelling and cystic swelling with each other in head and neck regions. Intergroup comparison was also carried out in the study. For this single-blind cross-sectional study, 45 cases with clinically obvious swelling in head and neck region were selected randomly. Following clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis and appropriate further investigations, surgical intervention was carried out. After considering the results of all 45 cases of the present study, it can be concluded that clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 85.71%, whereas ultrasonographic diagnosis had a sensitivity and accuracy of 98.57%. How to cite this article Chandak RM, Chandak MG, Rawlani SM. Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Differentiation between Inflammatory and Cystic Swellings of Head and Neck Region. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):117-124.

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.10.717 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1550-1555

Author(s):

Kausar Abbas Saldera ◽

Sanum Ali ◽

Ahsan Ashfaq

Keyword(s):

Neck Region ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Control Male ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

The Difference

Objectives: To compare the adiponectin/leptin ratio and intima media thicknessbetween normal and atherosclerotic individuals. To find out the association of A/L ratio withIMT in atherosclerotic patients. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Placeand Duration of Study: This study was conducted at department of Physiology, BMSI incollaboration with Radiology department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, from16th December 2014 to 15th December 2015. Methodology: 160 subjects having Dopplerultrasound of neck were selected on the basis of pre-determined criteria. They were grouped incases i.e. atherosclerotic group (80 subjects) and control i.e. healthy group (80 subjects). Age> 20 years, both genders, patients for ultrasound Doppler for neck region irrespective of theirprovisional diagnosis, patients suffering from co-morbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension,chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, asthma and COPD and Healthy individuals(Controls) were included in this study. Patients who fail to gave consent and patients whoseultrasound findings were not up to the mark required for diagnosis were excluded from thisstudy. Results: Out of 160 patients in this study in control Male: Female ratio was 1:1.1 whilein cases, Male: Female ratio = 1:1. Majority (53.1%) of cases had age >50 years {41(51.25%)in controls and 44(55%) in cases}. Mean ages in two groups (controls and cases) were49.39+12.30 years and 53.31+10.09 years respectively (p = 0.029).44 (22.5%) patients weresmoker and 116 (72.5%) were non-smoker. In control group, 13 (16.3%) were smokers whereasin cases 31 (38.8%) were smokers (p = 0.002). Mean triglyceride levels were statistically highin atherosclerotic subjects as compared to healthy individuals (138.31+62.65 mg/dl and125.73+46.17 mg/dl respectively; p=0.024). Mean IMT of both right and left carotid arteriesexamined via carotid Doppler ultrasound were statistically high in atherosclerotic individuals ascompared to healthy subjects {(Right carotid; 0.83+0.23 mm and 0.63+0.16 mm respectively;p=0.022) (Left carotid; 0.85+0.25 mm and 0.64+0.16 mm respectively; p=0.004)}. MeanLeptin levels were statistically high in atherosclerotic individuals as compared to healthysubjects (332.32+555.31 ng/ml and 254.55+224.66 ng/ml respectively; p=0.001). However,the difference in Adiponectin levels was insignificant (7.93+4.80 μg/ml and 9.45+4.73 μg/mlrespectively; p=0.343). Conclusion: We conclude that plasma levels of Adiponectin and Leptinare significantly higher in atherosclerotic than normal individuals.

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Independent Predictors of Recurrence of Vertigo Among Nigerians

Annals of Health Research ◽

10.30442/ahr.0702-06-125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 142-152

Author(s):

OA Sogebi ◽

EA Oyewole

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neck Injury ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Predictors Of Recurrence ◽

Long Duration ◽

Head And Neck Injury ◽

Male To Female

Background: Recurrence of vertigo indicates a morbidity to the patient and a dilemma for the managing physician. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of vertigo, document prevalence and explore the characteristics which could independently predict recurrence of vertigo. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients managed for vertigo in a tertiary facility was retrospectively done. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, associations of vertigo, audiological symptoms, comorbid illnesses, and duration to achieve control of vertigo were recorded. Recurrence of vertigo was used to categorize the patients. The factors that were associated with recurrence on univariate analyses were evaluated as independent predictors of recurrence of vertigo. Results: The 73 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4 were aged 35 -78 (mean 56.6±9.9) years. The associated symptoms included body weakness (34.2%), audiological symptoms (38.4%), 27.4% had antecedent head and neck injury and vertigo was precipitated or aggravated by changes in the head and neck position in 63.0% Vertigo was controlled within 1 -7 (Median 2) days, 35.6% had a recurrence of vertigo. Age, the experience of nausea and vomiting, previous head and neck injury, presence of comorbidity, and long duration to achieve control of vertigo were significantly associated with recurrence of vertigo. All these factors except the presence of comorbidity could independently predict the recurrence of vertigo. Conclusion: Vertigo is common in adult females, and mostly positional in type. About a third of patients may have a recurrence of vertigo. Age, especially above 57 years, nausea and vomiting, head and neck injury and prolonged period to control vertigo may independently predict recurrence of vertigo.

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Topographical Distribution of Carcinoma Larynx

Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.3329/bjo.v24i1.45342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

Md Shahjad Selim ◽

Md Mozharul Islam ◽

Md Manjur Rahim ◽

Md Hasan Zafar ◽

Md Khalid Asad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽

Primary Tumour ◽

Neck Region ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Glottic Carcinoma ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Carcinoma Larynx ◽

Topographical Distribution

The larynx is the most common site for primary tumour of the head and neck region. It represents world wide approximately 1-2% of all cancers. A cross sectional study of 154 cases of laryngeal carcinoma was carried out in the in-patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Dhaka Medical College during the period of two years with an aim to find out the frequency of site and subsite involvement of carcinoma of the larynx. The age range is 33-80 years and the over all male to female ratio is 29.8:1. Smoking and chewing habit are the most important associated factors. Majority of growths are found to be exophytic and most of the patients present at advanced stage. The commonest site of laryngeal carcinoma is supraglottic region and occurrence of supraglottic carcinoma than glottic carcinoma is statistically highly significant. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2018; 24(1): 56-61

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Oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: An observational cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.17882.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Marwa Ayad Nouri Al-Qalamji ◽

Khudair Jassim Al-Rawaq ◽

Dalya Saad Abbood Al-Nuaimi ◽

Ali Ghalib Mahmood Noori

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Oral Mucositis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Treatment Schedule ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio

Background:Radiotherapy (RT) is indispensable in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). Oral mucositis (OM) is a complication in HNC patients undergoing RT. This study aimed to identify the incidence, distribution of OM, and its effect on treatment breaks in a section of HNC in patients in Iraq.Methods:This is an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. In total, 50 patients with primary HNC, treated with external beam RT, from 30th April to 10th September 2017 at Baghdad Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Center were included in the study. Cases of OM were graded according to the World Health Organization scale.Results:80% of patients were below 65 years, and the male/female ratio was 2.6:1. Tumor sub-sites were nasopharynx (36%), larynx (22%), parotid (14%) and tongue (12%). 74% were smokers during or before starting RT. 86% were in stages III or IV. Incidence of OM was 72%; 16% grade I, 40% grade II, and 16% grade III. OM occurred in 93% females and 64% males, and 79% received concurrent regimens.Conclusions:OM occurred in HNC treated by RT, more in females, who received chemotherapy plus RT, and those with tumors of the oral cavity and nasopharynx. OM-related unplanned breaks may interrupt treatment schedule. HNC imposes a double burden in Iraq as it attacks a productive age group, and the vast majority of the patients included in this study were diagnosed in advanced stages.

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Clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers in Tanzania: Findings from the country’s largest tertiary hospital

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20193855 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1142

Author(s):

Zephania Saitabau Abraham ◽

Daudi Ntunaguzi ◽

Aveline Aloyce Kahinga ◽

Henry Swai ◽

Siwillis Mithe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Head And Neck Cancers ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

High Data ◽

Paediatric Patients ◽

Age Range

Background: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the largest burden occurs in developing countries where such burden of infectious diseases is also high. Data on the clinico-pathological profile of paediatric head and neck cancers is scarce in Tanzania. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Tanzania to characterize such profile.Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted involving 180 pediatric patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS program version 21. Results: A total of 180 paediatric patients were recruited where 61.1% were males with a male to female ratio of 1.57:1 and majority fell into the 0-5years age range (53.9%). Ten primary anatomical sites were found with the neck (cervical lymph node) (36.1%) predominating followed by the orbit/eye (34.4%) and the least common site was parapharyngeal space (0.5%). The neck was more affected in patients aged 6-11 years with a diagnosis of lymphomas (98.5%) whereas the orbit was affected predominantly in those aged 0-5 years (90.3%) by retinoblastoma (79%). The predominant histocytopathological variant was lymphoma (52.8%) and the least was Langerhans cell histiocytosis (0.6%). Lymphomas and retinoblastoma occurred commonly in males (70.53% and 53.06% respectively) but sarcomas showed no gender predilection. Lymphomas (32.6%) and retinoblastomas (93.9%) predominated in patients aged 6-11 years and 0-5 years respectively.Conclusions: Lymphomas, retinoblastomas and sarcomas were more predominant in paediatric patients similar to what has been reported in various reports elsewhere.

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A clinicopathological study of peripheral schwannomas

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 191-196

Author(s):

Ankur Majumder ◽

Arvind Ahuja ◽

DS Chauhan ◽

Purnima Paliwal ◽

Minakshi Bhardwaj

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cells ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Cranial Nerves ◽

Neck Region ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Cystic Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Atypical Presentations

Aim and objective. Schwannomas are benign neoplasms of neural origin with sporadic or syndromic occurence. They are commonly seen in cranial nerves. Peripheral schwannomas occur rarely and may have unique presentations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of peripheral schwannomas. Methods. A retrospective cross sectional study of peripheral schwannomas excluding head neck region was conducted. The study group consisted of 18 cases which were recorded over a period of seven years. The corresponding data were collected from the archives of the Department of Pathology. Results. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The average age of the cases was 47 years. The most common site was the upper limbs (55.55%) followed by lower limbs, chest and penis. The lesions mostly presented as painless swellings (62%). Histopathological examination revealed classic features of schwannoma. Secondary changes included cystic degeneration, foam cells, epitheloid cells, hyalinization, microcystic change and collection of plasma cells. All cases were confirmed by positive S100 staining. Conclusion.Peripheral schwannomas may be missed due to its rarity and atypical presentations. Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this common entity at unusual sites for the proper management of the patients. Surgery is usually the treatment of choice.

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A clinical study of tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy: surgeon’s perspectives

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20190407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 581 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kiran Patel

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Neck Region ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Excision Biopsy ◽

Primary Malignancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head And Neck Region

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is common in this country. There are many causes of cervical lymphadenopathy like, malignancies, infections, autoimmune disorders, iatrogenic, and other miscellaneous conditions. There are more chances of wrong clinical diagnosis in case of lymphadenopathy than any other diseases. The present study was planned with the objective to study the clinical presentation of tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy.Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken with inclusion of all cases of cervical lymphadenopathy attending the department of general surgery. The patients with cervical lymphadenopathy irrespective of age, sex, caste, religion, socio-economic status, duration and severity of illness were included in this study. The patients with primary malignancy, patients with clinical features of suspected malignancy like obvious growth or ulcer in head and neck region and pregnant women were excluded from the study.Results: Total 130 patients presented with cervical lymphadenopathy during the study duration. Infective etiology was the commonest (55, 42.31%) cause for the cervical lymphadenopathy followed by TB (50, 38.46%). The commonest age group affected by tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy (TCL) was 20-35 years. The females (29, 58.00%) were more affected with TCL as compared to males (21, 42.00%). A majority of the patients (45, 90.00%) had unilateral TCL. Commonly involved lymph node group was level V (26, 52.00%). Other than excision biopsy (12 patients), no other type of surgery was needed in patients.Conclusions: Though, anti-tuberculous chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for TCL, surgical treatment is more useful in selected cases. In this regard, early diagnosis and treatment are critical in lowering the overall prevalence. Therefore, it is important that surgeons are aware of tuberculosis in the head and neck region.

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Risk Factors, Pattern and Outcome of Motorcycle-associated Head Injury in Sokoto: An Analysis of 184 Cases

Indian Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722553 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Henry Olayere Obanife ◽

Nasiru Jinjiri Ismail ◽

Ali Lasseini ◽

Bello B. Shehu ◽

Ega J. Otorkpa

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Head Injury ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Male Female Ratio ◽

Significant Negative Impact

Abstract Background Road traffic accident (RTA) is the eighth leading cause of death worldwide. Motorcycle-associated head injury is the leading cause of road traffic associated morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Even though the incidence and mortality of head injury from motor cycle crash is on the increase in developing countries, especially in the African continent, most of the studies published in the literature on this subject matter took place in the developed Western countries. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of data from patients managed in our institution between December 2014 and November 2016. Results One hundred and eighty-four patients were analyzed. None of the patients used safety helmet for protection. The mean age was 27.6 ± 17.2 years with male female ratio of 6.7:1. Lone crash by cyclists and collisions accounted for 66.8% and 33.1% of the cases, respectively. Passengers and riders comprised 75% of the patients, while 25% were vulnerable pedestrians. The most frequently abused substance by the patients was tramadol (65.52%). Severe head injury and pupillary abnormality were found in 23.9% and 45.5% of the patients, respectively. Cranial CT scan showed abnormalities in 40.2% of the patients. Surgery was done in 28.3% of the patients with mortality rate of 20.7%. Conclusions The use of motorcycle as a mean of transportation has caused significant negative impact on the society. Young people, who constitute the workforce, are majorly affected, and this invariably leads to a serious economic burden on the concerned families and communities.

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