One more time about syntactic derivation (addressing the issue of syntactic and communicative-textual causality)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
N. K. Onipenko ◽  
E. N. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Property Change ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Derivation

The study deals with the difficulty in identifying the relations between word formation on the one hand and syntax in its broad sense (i. e. including text as a linguistic unit) on the other. The paper focuses on the semantics and grammatical properties of verbs derived from adjectives (cf.: красный / red – краснеть / to redden, толстый / thick – толстеть / to thicken and others). The aim is to describe the correlation between the systemic grammatical properties and the functional-textual potential of such verbs on the basis of the available existing literature on denominal verbs with the semantics of property change. The research will help to redefine the understanding of syntactic derivation. The functional-semantic approach proposed by G. A. Zolotova is employed to examine verb vocabulary.

Function words and polarity

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Matteo Greco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Derivation

Function words are commonly considered to be a small and closed class of words in which each element is associated with a specific and fixed logical meaning. Unfortunately, this is not always true as witnessed by negation: on the one hand, negation does reverse the truth-value conditions of a proposition, and the other hand, it does not, realizing what is called Expletive Negation. This chapter aims to investigate whether a word that is established on the basis of its function can be ambiguous by discussing the role of the syntactic derivation in some instances of so-called Expletive Negation clauses, a case in which negation seems to lose its capacity to deny the proposition associated with its sentence. Both a theoretical and an experimental approach has been adopted.

Argument Structure and Morphology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Wood ◽  
Neil Myler
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The topic “argument structure and morphology” refers to the interaction between the number and nature of the arguments taken by a given predicate on the one hand, and the morphological makeup of that predicate on the other. This domain turns out to be crucial to the study of a number of theoretical issues, including the nature of thematic representations, the proper treatment of irregularity (both morphophonological and morphosemantic), and the very place of morphology in the architecture of the grammar. A recurring question within all existing theoretical approaches is whether word formation should be conceived of as split across two “places” in the grammar, or as taking place in only one.

Combining Forms and Affixoids in Morphology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Amiot ◽  
Edwige Dugas
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Good Criterion ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One

Word-formation encompasses a wide range of processes, among which we find derivation and compounding, two processes yielding productive patterns which enable the speaker to understand and to coin new lexemes. This article draws a distinction between two types of constituents (suffixes, combining forms, splinters, affixoids, etc.) on the one hand and word-formation processes (derivation, compounding, blending, etc.) on the other hand but also shows that a given constituent can appear in different word-formation processes. First, it describes prototypical derivation and compounding in terms of word-formation processes and of their constituents: Prototypical derivation involves a base lexeme, that is, a free lexical elements belonging to a major part-of-speech category (noun, verb, or adjective) and, very often, an affix (e.g., Fr. laverV ‘to wash’ > lavableA ‘washable’), while prototypical compounding involves two lexemes (e.g., Eng. rainN + fallV > rainfallN). The description of these prototypical phenomena provides a starting point for the description of other types of constituents and word-formation processes. There are indeed at least two phenomena which do not meet this description, namely, combining forms (henceforth CFs) and affixoids, and which therefore pose an interesting challenge to linguistic description, be it synchronic or diachronic. The distinction between combining forms and affixoids is not easy to establish and the definitions are often confusing, but productivity is a good criterion to distinguish them from each other, even if it does not answer all the questions raised by bound forms. In the literature, the notions of CF and affixoid are not unanimously agreed upon, especially that of affixoid. Yet this article stresses that they enable us to highlight, and even conceptualize, the gradual nature of linguistic phenomena, whether from a synchronic or a diachronic point of view.

Ineffable narratives in Spanish: Another case of overgeneration by e-GIVENness

Probus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Saab
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Semantic View ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Mutual Entailment ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The One ◽  
Proper Representation

AbstractIn this paper, I present a new case of overgeneration for the semantic view on identity in ellipsis. Concretely, I show that a radical version of the semantic approach to the identity condition on ellipsis, in particular, one with the notion of mutual entailment at its heart, wrongly predicts as grammatical cases of TP-ellipsis in Spanish where a (formal) present tense feature on T in the antecedent entails a (formal) past tense feature in the elliptical constituent and vice versa. However, this is not attested: present tense cannot serve as a suitable antecedent for formal past tense in TP-ellipsis contexts, regardless of pragmatic entailment. On the basis of this and other new observations in the realm of tense and ellipsis, several consequences for the theory of identity in ellipsis, on the one hand, and the proper representation of tense in natural languages, on the other, are also discussed.

On truth and multiple denotation

1953 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Virtual Class ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The One

If we think of denotation in a broad sense, we may say not only that, e.g., ‘Marni’ denotes the actual dog Marni but also that ‘dog’ denotes severally the dogs Marni, Fido, etc. What are ordinarily called class names thus come to denote severally the members of the class but not the class itself. This kind of a multiple denotation relation is a very simple as well as a very powerful semantical relation. In fact it can be taken as the fundamental relation of formal (extensional) semantics.Conceptually this denotation relation is akin to the relation of satisfaction studied by Tarski, although the two must be carefully distinguished. Satisfaction (in its simplest form) is a relation between objects and sentential functions of one variable. Denotation is taken as a relation holding, on the one hand, between what is ordinarily called a proper name and the object which it names, and, on the other, between what may be called a virtual class denotator and the objects which are members of the virtual class in question. (This relation will be characterized more precisely below.) Clearly the two relations, satisfaction in its simplest form and multiple denotation, are interdefinable in an appropriate formalism.

Compositional mechanisms and selectional constraints in syntax and word formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Batiukova
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Entry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Generative Lexicon ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract This study compares compositional processes involved in syntax on the one hand and word formation on the other hand within the Generative Lexicon framework. It first shows how semantic types incorporated in a structured lexical entry are acted on by different compositional mechanisms in predicates headed by verbs and in modification constructions, and then analyzes non-evaluative suffixation in Spanish in order to determine how the head suffix interacts with the meaning of the base word. It is concluded that different parts of the lexical entry of the selected component (syntactic argument or morphological base) can be accessed in both phrase construction and word formation, but the mechanisms underlying complex syntactic and morphological structures differ in significant ways.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE LANGUAGE OF WORKS OF POSTMODERNISTS POETS

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Kateryna Parshak ◽  
Yaroslava Kalynovska
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Conceptual Semantic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Material

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning and creation of metaphors in the poetry of Oksana Zabuzhko, Yuri Izdrik and Serhiy Zhadan. The main contradiction in the understanding of metaphor lies in the ambiguous essence of this phenomenon: on the one and, metaphor is a means of speech, a linguistic unit, and on the other – it belongs to the figurative figures of language. A number of linguistic works in both Ukrainian and foreign linguistics are devoted to the study of metaphors. In particular, the language metaphor became the subject of scientific interest of N. Harutyunova; metaphor, its nature and role in language, and speech were studied by A. Gavrilyuk, the means of expression of metaphor became the main topic of research G. Sklyarevskaya and others. One of the important problems of linguistic stylistics is the study of the linguistic personality of writers, whose works are one of the stylistic sources of development of Ukrainian poetic language, so the importance of metaphor in poetic texts remains a relevant object of modern linguistic studies. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of semantics and the functioning of conceptual-semantic and structural-grammatical types of metaphors in the collections "Second Attempt" by Oksana Zabuzhko, "Quote Book" by Serhiy Zhadan and "Lazy and Gentle" by Yuri Izdryk. In accordance with the purpose, the following research methods were used: descriptive, using the methods of comparison and observation, as well as external and internal interpretation of linguistic material to determine the associations underlying metaphorical transference, contextual, conceptual and semasiological to analyze metaphor in the context of a poetry of postmodern writers. The article also clarifies the concept of metaphor and establishes its feature as a semantic linguistic unit. The focus is on the classification of metaphors used in the works of postmodern poets. The stylistic role and functions of language metaphors in poetic texts are investigated. This article can be used for further research in the field of conceptual metaphors in novel or poems.

scholarly journals Potential Units of Verb Synthesis: Properties and Possibilities (on the Material of the Russian Verbs of Sound)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Irina Valentinovna Ivlieva
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Special Project ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
National Corpus

The study identifies features of potential modifications and lacuna-forming modifiers involved in word-formation synthesis in the process of generating new verbs. The scientific novelty of this study is in the differentiated representation of lexical-semantic and morphological means (verbal modifiers) that are capable, on the one hand, of synthesizing a desired meaning (verbal modification) and, on the other hand, of producing lexical gaps (lacunae). As a result of analyzing the specific modifiers and modifications with respect to the lexical-semantic group of verbs of sound, the new products of synthesis (potential modifications) have been identified. The conditions for the appearance of lacunae and the role of the lacunae-forming modifiers are demonstrated. Through a special project at the Missouri S&T (USA) using the data from the Russian National Corpus, for the first time in lexicographic practice, novel modifications, previously considered non-existent, are introduced.

scholarly journals ON THE DESCRIPTION OF ARGOGRAPHIC SOURCES BASED ON THE NEWEST FRENCH YOUTH ARGOT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-852
Author(s):  
O.A. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the vocabulary work of the French journalist Vincent Mongaillard, in which units of the French youth argot are inventoried. The purpose of the article is to analyze the thematic sections of the indicated argographic work, grouped on the basis of word-conversion techniques, on the one hand, and systematization of argot-attractive concepts, on the other hand. The lexicographic publication, created on the basis of the latest synchronous slice of specific vocabulary, is presented according to five criteria, such as the volume of the lexical fund, sources and word formation mechanisms, semantic dominants, synonymous series and metaphor. In the course of the study, systemic methods of argotic word-making were revealed. This confirms the frequency of using such a specific word-formation tool as verlan: argotisms formed through verlanization are included in all semantic macro fields presented in the work. Of the non-specific mechanisms for replenishing the argot fund, metaphorics should be called first of all. Special attention is paid to the description of borrowings. The work provides numerous examples with translation into Russian.

scholarly journals НАЗВАНИЯ НА ГОРНИТЕ И ВРЪХНИТЕ ЖЕНСКИ ДРЕХИ В РОДОПСКОТО НАРОДНО ОБЛЕКЛО / NAMES FOR WOMEN’S OUTERWEAR IN THE RHODOPE FOLK CLOTHING

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (68.04) ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
ELENA KANEVSKA-NIKOLOVA ◽  
SIMEON MARINOV
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One

The article presents the terminology related to women’s outerwear in the Rhodope folk clothing, excerpted from various ethnographic, regional historical and dialectological studies. The authors analyse the names for women’s outer garments of the saya and sukman type and those for top garments that form a part of festive costumes. They go on to examine ambiguous and synonymous terms, the main word-formation patterns, as well as the etymology of some of the names of foreign and domestic origin. As the authors establish, there is terminological unity in many names for women’s outerwear characteristic of the two confessional groups, on the one hand, and a significant diversity in their varieties, on the other. Keywords: Rhodope folk clothing, women’s outerwear, dialect names for women’s garments, Rhodope dialects

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