scholarly journals НАЗВАНИЯ НА ГОРНИТЕ И ВРЪХНИТЕ ЖЕНСКИ ДРЕХИ В РОДОПСКОТО НАРОДНО ОБЛЕКЛО / NAMES FOR WOMEN’S OUTERWEAR IN THE RHODOPE FOLK CLOTHING

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (68.04) ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
ELENA KANEVSKA-NIKOLOVA ◽  
SIMEON MARINOV
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One

The article presents the terminology related to women’s outerwear in the Rhodope folk clothing, excerpted from various ethnographic, regional historical and dialectological studies. The authors analyse the names for women’s outer garments of the saya and sukman type and those for top garments that form a part of festive costumes. They go on to examine ambiguous and synonymous terms, the main word-formation patterns, as well as the etymology of some of the names of foreign and domestic origin. As the authors establish, there is terminological unity in many names for women’s outerwear characteristic of the two confessional groups, on the one hand, and a significant diversity in their varieties, on the other. Keywords: Rhodope folk clothing, women’s outerwear, dialect names for women’s garments, Rhodope dialects

Argument Structure and Morphology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Wood ◽  
Neil Myler
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The topic “argument structure and morphology” refers to the interaction between the number and nature of the arguments taken by a given predicate on the one hand, and the morphological makeup of that predicate on the other. This domain turns out to be crucial to the study of a number of theoretical issues, including the nature of thematic representations, the proper treatment of irregularity (both morphophonological and morphosemantic), and the very place of morphology in the architecture of the grammar. A recurring question within all existing theoretical approaches is whether word formation should be conceived of as split across two “places” in the grammar, or as taking place in only one.

Combining Forms and Affixoids in Morphology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Amiot ◽  
Edwige Dugas
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Good Criterion ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One

Word-formation encompasses a wide range of processes, among which we find derivation and compounding, two processes yielding productive patterns which enable the speaker to understand and to coin new lexemes. This article draws a distinction between two types of constituents (suffixes, combining forms, splinters, affixoids, etc.) on the one hand and word-formation processes (derivation, compounding, blending, etc.) on the other hand but also shows that a given constituent can appear in different word-formation processes. First, it describes prototypical derivation and compounding in terms of word-formation processes and of their constituents: Prototypical derivation involves a base lexeme, that is, a free lexical elements belonging to a major part-of-speech category (noun, verb, or adjective) and, very often, an affix (e.g., Fr. laverV ‘to wash’ > lavableA ‘washable’), while prototypical compounding involves two lexemes (e.g., Eng. rainN + fallV > rainfallN). The description of these prototypical phenomena provides a starting point for the description of other types of constituents and word-formation processes. There are indeed at least two phenomena which do not meet this description, namely, combining forms (henceforth CFs) and affixoids, and which therefore pose an interesting challenge to linguistic description, be it synchronic or diachronic. The distinction between combining forms and affixoids is not easy to establish and the definitions are often confusing, but productivity is a good criterion to distinguish them from each other, even if it does not answer all the questions raised by bound forms. In the literature, the notions of CF and affixoid are not unanimously agreed upon, especially that of affixoid. Yet this article stresses that they enable us to highlight, and even conceptualize, the gradual nature of linguistic phenomena, whether from a synchronic or a diachronic point of view.

One more time about syntactic derivation (addressing the issue of syntactic and communicative-textual causality)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
N. K. Onipenko ◽  
E. N. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Property Change ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Derivation

The study deals with the difficulty in identifying the relations between word formation on the one hand and syntax in its broad sense (i. e. including text as a linguistic unit) on the other. The paper focuses on the semantics and grammatical properties of verbs derived from adjectives (cf.: красный / red – краснеть / to redden, толстый / thick – толстеть / to thicken and others). The aim is to describe the correlation between the systemic grammatical properties and the functional-textual potential of such verbs on the basis of the available existing literature on denominal verbs with the semantics of property change. The research will help to redefine the understanding of syntactic derivation. The functional-semantic approach proposed by G. A. Zolotova is employed to examine verb vocabulary.

Compositional mechanisms and selectional constraints in syntax and word formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Batiukova
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Entry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Generative Lexicon ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract This study compares compositional processes involved in syntax on the one hand and word formation on the other hand within the Generative Lexicon framework. It first shows how semantic types incorporated in a structured lexical entry are acted on by different compositional mechanisms in predicates headed by verbs and in modification constructions, and then analyzes non-evaluative suffixation in Spanish in order to determine how the head suffix interacts with the meaning of the base word. It is concluded that different parts of the lexical entry of the selected component (syntactic argument or morphological base) can be accessed in both phrase construction and word formation, but the mechanisms underlying complex syntactic and morphological structures differ in significant ways.

scholarly journals Potential Units of Verb Synthesis: Properties and Possibilities (on the Material of the Russian Verbs of Sound)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Irina Valentinovna Ivlieva
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Special Project ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
National Corpus

The study identifies features of potential modifications and lacuna-forming modifiers involved in word-formation synthesis in the process of generating new verbs. The scientific novelty of this study is in the differentiated representation of lexical-semantic and morphological means (verbal modifiers) that are capable, on the one hand, of synthesizing a desired meaning (verbal modification) and, on the other hand, of producing lexical gaps (lacunae). As a result of analyzing the specific modifiers and modifications with respect to the lexical-semantic group of verbs of sound, the new products of synthesis (potential modifications) have been identified. The conditions for the appearance of lacunae and the role of the lacunae-forming modifiers are demonstrated. Through a special project at the Missouri S&T (USA) using the data from the Russian National Corpus, for the first time in lexicographic practice, novel modifications, previously considered non-existent, are introduced.

scholarly journals ON THE DESCRIPTION OF ARGOGRAPHIC SOURCES BASED ON THE NEWEST FRENCH YOUTH ARGOT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-852
Author(s):  
O.A. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the vocabulary work of the French journalist Vincent Mongaillard, in which units of the French youth argot are inventoried. The purpose of the article is to analyze the thematic sections of the indicated argographic work, grouped on the basis of word-conversion techniques, on the one hand, and systematization of argot-attractive concepts, on the other hand. The lexicographic publication, created on the basis of the latest synchronous slice of specific vocabulary, is presented according to five criteria, such as the volume of the lexical fund, sources and word formation mechanisms, semantic dominants, synonymous series and metaphor. In the course of the study, systemic methods of argotic word-making were revealed. This confirms the frequency of using such a specific word-formation tool as verlan: argotisms formed through verlanization are included in all semantic macro fields presented in the work. Of the non-specific mechanisms for replenishing the argot fund, metaphorics should be called first of all. Special attention is paid to the description of borrowings. The work provides numerous examples with translation into Russian.

The salience of local schemas in a productive word-formation process

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-381
Author(s):  
Piotr Twardzisz ◽  
Barbara Nowosielska
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphological Productivity ◽  
The One ◽  
Hapax Legomena

Abstract Word-formation rules of a generative type are insufficient to describe a mechanism which appears to be productive, on the one hand, but is also irregular in its productivity, on the other. Cognitive morphological accounts have stressed the importance of a wide range of more and less detailed schemas (rather than rules), sanctioning different kinds of novel formations. This article addresses the issue of morphological productivity in the context of the formation of abstract deverbal action nouns, also known as Nomina Actionis, with names of political states as derivational bases. The very number and variety of relevant lexicalized nominalizations as well as hapax legomena is impressive, which makes the phenomenon look productive. The data obtained from COCA and specialist literature show interesting tendencies and gaps in the system. Numerous nominalizations are motivated semantically and pragmatically and are sanctioned by local schemas.

The lexicon in Functional Discourse Grammar: Theory, typology, description

Linguistics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Genee ◽  
Evelien Keizer ◽  
Daniel García Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Language User ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function

AbstractThis paper discusses the treatment of the lexicon in Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) and serves to provide a general introduction to the theoretical framework and its formalizations, in particular for readers who may not be intimately familiar with it. After outlining the general architecture of the model, we discuss the position, content and function of the FDG lexicon in more detail. The FDG lexicon is often called the Fund, as it contains more than just a collection of lexemes. The Fund is conceived of as a storehouse containing all unpredictable linguistic knowledge in the form of various types of primitives. In addition to a lexicon proper this includes structural and grammatical primitives that feed the grammar, such as: pragmatic and semantic frames, functions and operators; morphosyntactic and phonological templates and operators; and suppletive forms. The “lexicon proper” contains grammatical morphemes and suppletive forms in addition to lexemes; the collection of frames and templates is sometimes called the “structicon”; and operators and functions constitute what may be called the “grammaticon”. The division of labor between the Fund and the Grammar is illustrated by showing how FDG treats lexeme, word and frame formation: lexeme formation is located in the Fund, word formation is located in the Grammar, and frame formation may be located in either, depending on the particular frame or the approach of the analyst. We then discuss the form and content of lexical entries. This has been a topic of some discussion recently, and several of the contributions to this special issue contain proposals in this area. The central question here is how best to capture the existence of common or even default associations between primitives at different levels of representation while still allowing for the occurrence of mismatches. Mismatches allow us to account for phenomena like coercion and other creative uses of the linguistic apparatus available to the language user. Next we address the construction of lexical meaning, showing where FDG draws the line between semantics on the one hand and pragmatics, contextual factors, and conceptualization on the other hand. Here again, different points of view coexist and several contributions contain proposals for how to represent lexical meaning. Our final section briefly introduces the other contributions to this special issue.

The interaction between word structure and grammaticalization. Evidence from word-formation with French entre- and Dutch tussen-

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Kristel Van Goethem
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Central Topic ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The One ◽  
N Compounds

The central topic of this paper 1 1. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the workshop `Approches récentes de la préposition' at the Université d'Artois (Arras, 30 March 2007). In completing this paper, I benefited from the comments of the participants of this meeting, as well as from the valuable suggestions of Ludo Melis, Kristin Blanpain, Antonine Cappaert and two anonymous referees. is the interaction between two forces: on the one hand, the grammaticalization process by which prepositions may develop into prefixes and, on the other hand, French and Dutch word structure. French compounds typically adopt the word order Head-Modifier (e.g. timbre-poste lit. `seal-post = stamp'), while Dutch usually manifests the inverse word order, i.e. Modifier-Head (e.g. postzegel lit. `post-seal = stamp'). It will be shown that these typological differences between French and Dutch word structure may have a strong impact on the grammaticalization of prepositions introducing P-V and P-N compounds. The theoretical assumptions are applied to a specific case study: the French preposition entre `between' and its Dutch counterpart tussen used as bound morphemes in P-V and P-N compounds.

scholarly journals COMPOSITE ADJECTIVES IN THE DIGOR DIALECT OF THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Means

Композитное словообразование привлекает внимание ученых еще с середины XX в. Такой интерес обусловлен, с одной стороны, комплексной и неоднозначной сущностью композитов, с другой, тем фактом, что их основная функция – пополнение словарного запаса языка – явление непрерывное. Динамика процессов, происходящих в языке, неразрывно связана с жизнью общества, с социально-экономическими и политическими явлениями. Образование новых слов продиктовано самой сутью языка – обеспечением потребности человека в языковых средствах. Суть словосложения в том, что для обозначения какого-либо нового предмета или явления, или же его признака, происходит образование новой лексемы путем соединения двух и более основ. После этого процесса лексема функционирует в языке, при этом ее семантика может быть неотделимой от семантики составляющих ее компонентов, или же она приобретает совершенно новое значение. Исследования данного порядка имеют огромное значение для любого языка, но особенно это актуально для так называемых «малых языков». Несмотря на то, что вопросы композитного словообразования в той или иной степени отражены в трудах, посвященных осетинскому языку и его диалектам, многое здесь остается неясным, в особенности это касается дигорского диалекта. В существующих грамматиках дигорского диалекта данные вопросы описаны лишь в общих чертах; специальных исследований в области композитного словообразования на сегодняшний день не существует. Данная статья посвящена одной из частных проблем в рамках этой темы: рассмотрению композитов-прилагательных в дигорском диалекте осетинского языка. В работе дается обзор базовых теоретических проблем, связанных с композитообразованием, анализируются научные подходы к изучению прилагательных-композитов, как в лингвистике в целом, так и в осетинском языкознании. На основе существующей теоретической базы дигорские композиты-прилагательные анализируются и систематизируются. Выявлены способы формирования наиболее продуктивных словообразовательных моделей сложных прилагательных, проведен частеречный анализ образующих их компонентов. Composite word formation has been constantly attracting the attention of scientists since the middle of the XXth century. This interest is due, on the one hand, to the complex and ambiguous nature of composites, on the other, to the fact that their main function is to replenish the vocabulary of the language, which is a continuous phenomenon. The dynamics of the processes occurring in the language is inextricably linked with the life of society, with socio-economic and political phenomena. The formation of new words is dictated by the very essence of the language - ensuring a person's need for linguistic means. The essence of the word composition is that to designate a new object or phenomenon, or its sign, a new lexeme is formed by combining two or more stems. After this process, the lexeme functions in the language while its semantics can be inseparable from the semantics of its constituent components or it acquires a completely new meaning. Studies of this order are of great importance for any language, but this is especially true for the so-called "minor languages". Despite the fact, that the issues of composite word formation are to a certain degree reflected in the works devoted to the Ossetian language and its dialects, there are many poorly studied issues, especially in the Digor dialect. In the existing grammars of Digor, these issues are described only in general terms, there are no separate studies in the field of composite word formation. This article is devoted to one of the particular problems within the framework of this topic: composites-adjectives in the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language. The study provides an overview of the basic theoretical problems associated with compositing, analyzes scientific approaches to the study of adjectives-composites, both in linguistics in general and in Ossetian linguistics. On the basis of the existing theoretical base, Digor adjective composites are analyzed and systematized. The ways of forming the most productive word-formation models of complex adjectives are revealed, a part-of-speech analysis of the components forming them is carried out.

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