Ineffable narratives in Spanish: Another case of overgeneration by e-GIVENness

Probus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Saab
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Semantic View ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Mutual Entailment ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The One ◽  
Proper Representation

AbstractIn this paper, I present a new case of overgeneration for the semantic view on identity in ellipsis. Concretely, I show that a radical version of the semantic approach to the identity condition on ellipsis, in particular, one with the notion of mutual entailment at its heart, wrongly predicts as grammatical cases of TP-ellipsis in Spanish where a (formal) present tense feature on T in the antecedent entails a (formal) past tense feature in the elliptical constituent and vice versa. However, this is not attested: present tense cannot serve as a suitable antecedent for formal past tense in TP-ellipsis contexts, regardless of pragmatic entailment. On the basis of this and other new observations in the realm of tense and ellipsis, several consequences for the theory of identity in ellipsis, on the one hand, and the proper representation of tense in natural languages, on the other, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Usandsynligheder, overkrydsninger og umuligheder. En retorisk tilgang til brud på den mimetiske karakternarrations kode

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (112) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
James Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The One ◽  
Rhetorical Narratology

IMPROBABILITIES, CROSSOVERS, AND IMPOSSIBILITIES | Extending and to some extent revising some of his earlier work, James Phelan in this essay examines three kinds of “unnatural”departures from the mimetic code. Paralepsis (or implausible knowledgeable narration), simultaneous present-tense character narration, and a kind of departure not previously noticed, which he calls cross over narration: “an author links the narration of two independent sets of events by transferring the effects of the narration of the one to the other.” In spite of being rather different ways of breaching the mimetic code, the three breaks form a useful cluster for investigating underlying conventions of reading that can explain why readers often do not notice the breakes. Phelan thus induces two Meta-Rules of Readerly Engagement: The Value Added Meta-Rule underlies the principle that disclosurefunctions trump narrator functions, and stipulates that readers overlook breaks in the mimetic code when those breaks enhance their reading experience; the Story over Discourse Meta-Rule stipulates that once a narrative foregrounds its mimetic component, readers will privilege story elements over discourseelements, and thus be inclined to overlook breaks in the code. Four additional Rules are derived from the Meta-Rules in a reading of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which serves as an example ofimplausibly knowledgeable narration. Rules and Meta-Rules are then deployed in reading a passage of The Great Gatsby, exemplifying crossover narration. A discussion with Henrik Skov Nielsen about the simultaneous present-tense narration in Glamorama marks both the closeness and a certain differencein perspective between rhetorical narratology and Nielsen’s concept of narration without narrators.

“La marquise sortit à cinq heures”

PMLA ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644-1648
Author(s):  
Albert Chesneau
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Nouveau Roman ◽  
The Ideal

Simple structural analysis applied to passages cited from the works of André Breton elucidates the reasons for his condemnation of the statement La marquise sortit à cinq heures (see his Manifeste du surréalisme, 1924) as non-poetic. This study demonstrates the opposition existing between the above-mentioned realist sentence, essentially non-subjective (third-person subject), non-actual (past tense predicate), contextual (context can be supposed), and prosaic (lack of imagery), and on the other hand a theoretic surrealist sentence, essentially subjective (first-person subject), actual (present tense predicate), and non-contextual, producing a shock-image. In reality, Breton's surrealistic phrase does not always contain all of these qualities at once. However, in contrast to the condemned phrase which contains none at all, it does always manifest at least one of these characteristics, the most important having reference to the evocative power of the shock-image. A final comparison with a sentence quoted from Robbe-Grillet, the theoretician of the “nouveau roman”, proves that even though it may appear objective, the surrealist phrase is really not so. In conclusion, the four characteristics of the ideal surrealist sentence—subjectivity, actuality, non-contextuality, and ability to produce shock-images—create a poetics of discontinuity opposed to the classical art of narration as found traditionally in the novel. (In French)

scholarly journals The la-form: Russian verbs in Nanai speech

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Oskolskaya ◽  
Natasha Stoynova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Past Tense Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Derivational Suffix

Nanai speakers who are fluent both in Nanai and Russian use verb forms with a Russian root and the suffix -la (called further “la-forms”) in their speech. The status of -la is under question: on the one hand, it resembles the Russian past tense form (-l), on the other hand, it can be interpreted as the Nanai derivational suffix -la/-lə, which is used in Standard Nanai for the verbalization of nouns. We argue that in modern Nanai this case turns out to be a complicated one, and that la-forms are maintained due to their links with both of these sources.

scholarly journals Ambiguities in sign languages

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Quer ◽  
Markus Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNatural languages come in two different modalities – the aural-auditory modality of spoken languages and the visual-gestural modality of sign languages. The impact of modality on the grammatical system has been discussed at great length in the last 20 years. By contrast, the impact of modality on semantics in general and on ambiguities in particular has not yet been addressed in detail. In this paper, we deal with different types of ambiguities in sign languages. We discuss typical lexical and structural ambiguities as well as modality-specific aspects such as ambiguities in the use of the signing space and non-manual markers. In addition, we address the questions how sign languages avoid ambiguities and to what extent certain kinds of ambiguities and non-ambiguities depend on the visual-manual modality of sign languages. Since gestures use the same articulatory channel that is also active in the production of signs, we also discuss ambiguities between gestures on the one hand and grammaticalized gestures and signs on the other.

Two WorldsandTwo Aspects: on Kant’s Distinction between Things in Themselves and Appearances

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Oberst
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mutual Entailment ◽  
The One

AbstractIn the interpretation of Kant’s transcendental idealism, a textual stalemate between two camps has evolved: two-world interpretations regard things in themselves and appearances as two numerically distinct entities, whereas two-aspect interpretations take this distinction as one between two aspects of the same thing. I try to develop an account which can overcome this dispute. On the one hand, things in themselves are numerically distinct from appearances, but on the other hand, things in themselves can be regarded as they exist in themselves and as they appear. This reveals a mutual entailment of both accounts. Finally, I suggest that this approach most naturally leads to a kind of ‘phenomenalism’, but of a sort not normally attributed to Kant.

A usage-based approach to early-discourse pragmatic functions of the Japanese subject markerswaandga*

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
MARIKO UNO
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Japanese Subject ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Present Tense

AbstractThis study investigates the emergence and development of the discourse-pragmatic functions of the Japanese subject markerswaandgafrom a usage-based perspective (Tomasello, 2000). The use of each marker in longitudinal speech data for four Japanese children from 1;0 to 3;1 and their parents available in the CHILDES database (MacWhinney, 2000) was coded and analyzed. Findings showed that the four children initially usedwaas awh-question marker. They then gradually shifted its use to convey the proposition of given information. In contrast, the use ofgavaried among the children. One child usedgawith dynamic verbs in the past tense to report events he witnessed/experienced, while the other three children used it with a particular stative predicate in the present tense, expressing their subjective feeling toward referents. Findings were explained by the frequency of input to which the children had been exposed.

scholarly journals The rhetorical organization of research article discussion sections: An investigation into genre evolution in applied linguistics

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Alireza Jalilifar ◽  
Mitra Baninajar ◽  
Soheil Saidian
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Group B

The present study aimed to investigate the evolution of the rhetorical structure of research article discussions in three prestigious journals covering the two chronological periods of 1980-1989 (group A) and 2005-2010 (group B). It also studied changes in the application of the two most frequently used verb tenses − the simple present tense and the simple past tense − over the two time periods. Overall, 115 published articles were selected from the aforementioned journals. Move analysis was accomplished through application of Dudley-Evans' (1994) model on the datasets. Findings indicated that despite the overall consistency in utilizing the nine-move organization, there emerged rather considerable differences in the frequency of (Un) expected outcome and Explanation moves. A reduction in the frequency of (Un) expected outcome in group B indicated that present-day writers announce results with more caution to win the acquiescence of reviewers and readers. On the other hand, a rise in explanations revealed a growing concern for including more arguments in order to follow the analytical nature of the discussion section. The results also demonstrated a shift from the simple present tense toward the simple past tense, which marks a shift from generalization to specificity. Keywords: research article, move, discussion section, genre evolution

scholarly journals Debunking the I above YOU illusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Marie-Odile Junker
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Inverse System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
World Languages ◽  
Inverse Systems ◽  
Split Ergativity ◽  
Person Hierarchy ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Scale

There is a long tradition in placing I above YOU in linguistics and grammar. In our Western grammatical terminology, I is the “first person”. In the universal scale of agentivity, or “universal person hierarchy”, I is placed before YOU. The goal of this paper is to examine the proof for ordering I and YOU in such a fashion. The universal character of local person marking in human languages, and existing proposals concerning the person hierarchy are reviewed. The kind of grammatical phenomena governed by the so-called “universal hierarchy”: split ergativity, inverse systems, and pronominal marking, are discussed. First, we show that there are languages whose grammatical phenomena are governed by the other order, with YOU above I. Looking for the possibility that two person hierarchies share room within world languages, we then turn to the facts that support placing I above YOU, and demonstrate that this proof is non-existent. The egocentric perspective belongs to linguistics, and to certain habits of a Western school of thought, not to natural languages. The data examined here also shows that there are no languages where split ergativity or the inverse system would operate from a hierarchy placing 3rd persons above 2nd or 1st , thus confirming a 2, 1>3 hierarchy. As far as a hierarchy between singular persons or Speech Acts participants is concerned, the one for which there is clear evidence is the one where YOU outranks I: 2>I.

One more time about syntactic derivation (addressing the issue of syntactic and communicative-textual causality)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
N. K. Onipenko ◽  
E. N. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Property Change ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Derivation

The study deals with the difficulty in identifying the relations between word formation on the one hand and syntax in its broad sense (i. e. including text as a linguistic unit) on the other. The paper focuses on the semantics and grammatical properties of verbs derived from adjectives (cf.: красный / red – краснеть / to redden, толстый / thick – толстеть / to thicken and others). The aim is to describe the correlation between the systemic grammatical properties and the functional-textual potential of such verbs on the basis of the available existing literature on denominal verbs with the semantics of property change. The research will help to redefine the understanding of syntactic derivation. The functional-semantic approach proposed by G. A. Zolotova is employed to examine verb vocabulary.

Inventory of a Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 462-483
Author(s):  
Alexander Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arcades Project ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Alexander Kluge ◽  
The One ◽  
As If

This chapter looks at the dialogue between Prof. Dr. Burkhardt Lindner, editor of the Benjamin Handbook, and Alexander Kluge wherein they talked about Walter Benjamin's Arcades Project (1982). According to his exposé of 1939, Walter Benjamin divided Arcades Project into six parts and called the first “Arcades,” the second “Panoramas,” and the next “World Expositions.” And then came “Interiors,” “Streets,” and then finally “Barricades.” He wrote his exposé incidentally in the present tense such that it did not appear like a story from the past, but rather as if he were an eyewitness of something taking place now. He then assigned a figure to each of these six keywords such that there was within Benjamin's imagination one person who did, planned, or achieved something, on the one hand, and an object world naturally far more powerful, on the other. Lindner and Kluge also considers Benjamin's anthropological materialism.

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