Antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori isolated from suspected patient using stool sample at Malali Hospital and Maternity Clinic Kaduna, Kaduna State – Nigeria

The antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori isolated from suspected patient using stool sample at Beijing greatest college of health sciences and technology, Kaduna, demonstration clinic. The analyses were carried out to further understand the intestinal environment condition of the sample sites. As it has been noted that: it is difficult of growing Helicobacter pylori in a broth, hence, no specific enrichment has been proposed. Note: As everything present in the stomach would be found in the stools, hence there is no doubt that Helicobacter pylori can be eliminated via this route and successful culturing of Helicobacter pylori from the stool sample had been achieved. [4]. The stool was diluted to a 20% w/v solution of in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the suspension was sieved through a 250 um strainer before plating onto the selective media. The sample was passed through a series of dilution techniques and centrifugation before finally plating on to the deoxycholate citrate agar (selective) and incubates at 37oC under the microacrobic atmospheric oxygen concentration of 7 – 12% (O2) for four (4) days. Across the cultured, the cultured plate there was marked abundant of bacterial cells with some colonies having the characteristics of Helicobacter pylori which later sub-cultured and isolated for antimicrobial test.

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Antibiotic Resistance Prevalence and Trends in Patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori in the Period 2013–2020: Results of the European Registry on H. pylori Management (Hp-EuReg)

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10091058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1058

Author(s):

Luis Bujanda ◽

Olga P. Nyssen ◽

Dino Vaira ◽

Ilaria M. Saracino ◽

Giulia Fiorini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽

Metronidazole Resistance ◽

Infected Adult ◽

H Pylori ◽

European Registry

Background: Bacterial antibiotic resistance changes over time depending on multiple factors; therefore, it is essential to monitor the susceptibility trends to reduce the resistance impact on the effectiveness of various treatments. Objective: To conduct a time-trend analysis of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Europe. Methods: The international prospective European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management (Hp-EuReg) collected data on all infected adult patients diagnosed with culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing positive results that were registered at AEG-REDCap e-CRF until December 2020. Results: Overall, 41,562 patients were included in the Hp-EuReg. Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on gastric biopsies of 3974 (9.5%) patients, of whom 2852 (7%) were naive cases included for analysis. The number of positive cultures decreased by 35% from the period 2013–2016 to 2017–2020. Concerning naïve patients, no antibiotic resistance was found in 48% of the cases. The most frequent resistances were reported against metronidazole (30%), clarithromycin (25%), and levofloxacin (20%), whereas resistances to tetracycline and amoxicillin were below 1%. Dual and triple resistances were found in 13% and 6% of the cases, respectively. A decrease (p < 0.001) in the metronidazole resistance rate was observed between the 2013–2016 (33%) and 2017–2020 (24%) periods. Conclusion: Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori are scarcely performed (<10%) in Europe. In naïve patients, Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin remained above 15% throughout the period 2013–2020 and resistance to levofloxacin, as well as dual or triple resistances, were high. A progressive decrease in metronidazole resistance was observed.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mutations Involved in Clarithromycin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Patients in the Western Central Region of Colombia

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00145-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 4022-4024 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Adalucy Álvarez ◽

José Ignacio Moncayo ◽

Jorge Javier Santacruz ◽

Mario Santacoloma ◽

Luisa Fernanda Corredor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Point Mutation ◽

Central Region ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Empirical Treatment ◽

Clarithromycin Resistance ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACT Resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin (amoxicilline) was found in 82, 3.8, and 1.9% of 106 Helicobacter pylori isolates, respectively. No tetracycline-resistant isolates were found. In all of the clarithromycin-resistant isolates, only one point mutation was present, either A2143G or A2142G. Our results indicate that metronidazole should not be included in the empirical treatment of H. pylori infection in this region.

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Diagnostic Techniques and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Gashua Town

International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) ◽

10.3991/ijoe.v15i10.10871 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

A.G. Dagona ◽

I.G Dagona ◽

K Muhammad ◽

F.A. Garba ◽

W.D Taura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Likelihood Ratio ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Test Method ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽

Noninvasive Methods ◽

Urease Test ◽

H Pylori

<p class="0abstract">Helicobacter pylori eradication continues to be a challenge in a group of patients after the failure of several therapeutic regimen attempts. Treatment regimen is generally chosen on the basis of the prevalence of bacterial resistance detected against the tested antibiotics. 60 sixty (60), adult out patients presented to Gastroenterology clinic of General Hospital Gashua undertook multiple gastric biopsy and specimens were carried for gram stain, culture, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, rapid urease test and histology. Antimicrobial susceptibility test were carryout using Epsilometer testing Kit (E-test) method and tested against Omeprazole, metronidazole Ranitidine, and Amoxicillin. About Sixty percent (30%) of the study population was positive for H. pylori infection (mean age of 34 years ± 15), 60% were males while 40% are women which are mostly married. Helicobacter pylori culture showed a sensitivity of 55% (95% CI (29.5– 62.1), specificity of 97% (95%CI (80.5–100%), positive likelihood ratio of 19.93 (95% CI (1.254– 317.04) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.76 (95% CI (0.406–0.772). Eighteen (18) strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated 14 are sensitive to Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, metronidazole; amoxicillin three (4) strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin and metronidazole when tested. It is imperative to have indebted knowledge on diagnostic method and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in the study area, since the accurate diagnosis of H. pylori is the idealistic view for both gastroenterologists and microbiologists, using synergistically invasive and noninvasive methods will be a future challenge in medical research topics. It is clear that recent advances in invasive and noninvasive methods for accurate diagnosis of the H. pylori can drastically change upcoming guidelines attributed with the management of this infection.</p>

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Clarithromycin Resistance and Eradication ofHelicobacter pylori in Children

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.7.2134-2135.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 2134-2135 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

N. Kalach ◽

P. H. Benhamou ◽

F. Campeotto ◽

M. Bergeret ◽

C. Dupont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Triple Therapy ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Eradication ◽

Clarithromycin Resistance ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACT Outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection was analyzed in 61 children treated with a triple therapy including clarithromycin. Bacterial eradication was obtained in all children with clarithromycin-susceptible strains but not in children with clarithromycin-resistant ones (P = 0.0001). H. pylori antimicrobial susceptibility is mandatory before choosing a treatment, and clarithromycin should be avoided in case of resistance.

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The Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Children and Adults with Primary Infection in the Lower Silesia Region, Poland.

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2014-008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

GRAŻYNA GOŚCINIAK ◽

MONIKA BIERNAT ◽

JOANNA GRABIŃSKA ◽

ALDONA BIŃKOWSKA ◽

ELŻBIETA PONIEWIERKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Primary Resistance ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Subject ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

H Pylori ◽

Lower Silesia

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has become a serious issue in recent years in the therapy of bacterial infections. This problem also concerns the treatment of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of primary resistance of H. pylori strains isolated from children and adults. The subject of the research was 105 strains of H. pylori isolated from children and 60 strains from adults in the Lower Silesia Region in the years 2008-2011. Antimicrobial susceptibility to the following antibiotics was assessed: amoxicillin (AC), clarithromycin (CH), metronidazole (MZ), tetracycline (TC), levofloxacin (LEV) and rifabutin (RB). Among the strains isolated from children, 33.3% were resistant to CH, 44.8% to MZ whereas 1.9% of strains were resistant simultaneously to CH, MZ and LEV. Among 60 strains isolated from adults, 23.3% were resistant to CH, 66.7% to MZ, and 6.7% to LEV. Moreover, 16 multidrug resistant strains were isolated from adults, including 12 resistant to CH and MZ, 3 to MZ and LEV, and 1 to CH, MZ and LEV. All examined strains were susceptible to AC, TC and RB. The high incidence of resistance to CH and MZ suggests that standard triple therapies may not be useful as first-line treatment in Poland without earlier susceptibility testing.

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Helicobacter pylori-induced Gastritis in Experimentally Infected Conventional Piglets

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.38-6-667 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 667-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. Poutahidis ◽

T. Tsangaris ◽

G. Kanakoudis ◽

I. Vlemmas ◽

N. Iliadis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Animal Model ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Human Disease ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Large Majority ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

New Model ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

H Pylori

A conventional nonmutant animal that could be experimentally infected with Helicobacter pylori isolates would be a useful animal model for human H. pylori-associated gastritis. Gnotobiotic and barrier-born pigs are susceptible to H. pylori infection, but attempts to infect conventional pigs with this bacterium have been unsuccessful. In the present study, a litter of eight 20-day-old crossbreed piglets were purchased from a commercial farm. Six of them were orally challenged two to five times at different ages, between 29 and 49 days, with doses of H. pylori inoculum containing approximately 109 bacterial cells. Two animals served as controls. The inoculation program began 2 days postweaning when the piglets were 29 days of age. Prior to every inoculation, the piglets were fasted and pretreated with cimetidine, and prior to the first and second inoculation each piglet also was pretreated with dexamethasone. The challenged piglets were euthanasized between 36 and 76 days of age. H. pylori colonized all six inoculated piglets. The pathology of the experimentally induced gastritis was examined macroscopically and by light and electron microscopy. H. pylori induced a severe lymphocytic gastritis in the conventional piglets and reproduced the large majority of the pathologic features of the human disease. Therefore, the conventional piglet represents a promising new model for study of the various pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of lesions of the human H. pyloriassociated gastritis.

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pH-Regulated Gene Expression of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.6.3529-3539.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 3529-3539 ◽

Cited By ~ 165

Author(s):

D. Scott Merrell ◽

Maria L. Goodrich ◽

Glen Otto ◽

Lucy S. Tompkins ◽

Stanley Falkow

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Transcriptional Repression ◽

Bacterial Genome ◽

Low Ph ◽

Acid Exposure ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Gastric Pathogen ◽

H Pylori ◽

Regulated Gene Expression

ABSTRACT Colonization by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has been shown to be intricately linked to the development of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric malignancy. Little is known about mechanisms employed by the bacterium that help it adapt to the hostile environment of the human stomach. In an effort to extend our knowledge of these mechanisms, we utilized spotted-DNA microarrays to characterize the response of H. pylori to low pH. Expression of approximately 7% of the bacterial genome was reproducibly altered by shift to low pH. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes led to the discovery that acid exposure leads to profound changes in motility of H. pylori, as a larger percentage of acid-exposed bacterial cells displayed motility and moved at significantly higher speeds. In contrast to previous publications, we found that expression of the bacterial virulence gene cagA was strongly repressed by acid exposure. Furthermore, this transcriptional repression was reflected at the level of protein accumulation in the H. pylori cell.

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Helicobacter pylori and Complex Gangliosides

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.72.3.1519-1529.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 1519-1529 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Niamh Roche ◽

Jonas Ångström ◽

Marina Hurtig ◽

Thomas Larsson ◽

Thomas Borén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Sialic Acid ◽

Mutant Strain ◽

Carbohydrate Chain ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Wild Type ◽

Knockout Mutant ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACT Recognition of sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates by the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has been repeatedly demonstrated. To investigate the structural requirements for H. pylori binding to complex gangliosides, a large number of gangliosides were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Ganglioside binding of sialic acid-recognizing H. pylori strains (strains J99 and CCUG 17874) and knockout mutant strains with the sialic acid binding adhesin SabA or the NeuAcα3Galβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcNAcβ-binding neutrophil-activating protein HPNAP deleted was investigated using the thin-layer chromatogram binding assay. The wild-type bacteria bound to N-acetyllactosamine-based gangliosides with terminal α3-linked NeuAc, while gangliosides with terminal NeuGcα3, NeuAcα6, or NeuAcα8NeuAcα3 were not recognized. The factors affecting binding affinity were identified as (i) the length of the N-acetyllactosamine carbohydrate chain, (ii) the branches of the carbohydrate chain, and (iii) fucose substitution of the N-acetyllactosamine core chain. While the J99/NAP− mutant strain displayed a ganglioside binding pattern identical to that of the parent J99 wild-type strain, no ganglioside binding was obtained with the J99/SabA− mutant strain, demonstrating that the SabA adhesin is the sole factor responsible for the binding of H. pylori bacterial cells to gangliosides.

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Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in Innate Immunity to Gastric Infection by Helicobacter pylori

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01299-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 1184-1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Ah-Mee Park ◽

Satoru Hagiwara ◽

Daniel K. Hsu ◽

Fu-Tong Liu ◽

Osamu Yoshie

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Mucus Layer ◽

Iodide Uptake ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Content Type ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

H Pylori ◽

Deficient Mice

We studied the role of galectin-3 (Gal3) in gastric infection byHelicobacter pylori. We first demonstrated that Gal3 was selectively expressed by gastric surface epithelial cells and abundantly secreted into the surface mucus layer. We next inoculatedH. pyloriSydney strain 1 into wild-type (WT) and Gal3-deficient mice using a stomach tube. At 2 weeks postinoculation, the bacterial cells were mostly trapped within the surface mucus layer in WT mice. In sharp contrast, they infiltrated deep into the gastric glands in Gal3-deficient mice. Bacterial loads in the gastric tissues were also much higher in Gal3-deficient mice than in WT mice. At 6 months postinoculation,H. pylorihad successfully colonized within the gastric glands of both WT and Gal3-deficient mice, although the bacterial loads were still higher in the latter. Furthermore, large lymphoid clusters mostly consisting of B cells were frequently observed in the gastric submucosa of Gal3-deficient mice.In vitro, peritoneal macrophages from Gal3-deficient mice were inefficient in killing engulfedH. pylori. Furthermore, recombinant Gal3 not only induced rapid aggregation ofH. pyloribut also exerted a potent bactericidal effect onH. pylorias revealed by propidium iodide uptake and a morphological shift from spiral to coccoid form. However, a minor fraction of bacterial cells, probably transient phase variants of Gal3-binding sugar moieties, escaped killing by Gal3. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Gal3 plays an important role in innate immunity to infection and colonization ofH. pylori.

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Enhanced Antibacterial Potential of Amoxicillin against Helicobacter pylori Mediated by Lactobionic Acid Coated Zn-MOFs

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10091071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1071

Author(s):

Haseena ◽

Adnan Khan ◽

Fariha Aslam ◽

Tasmina Kanwal ◽

Muhammad Raza Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Lactobionic Acid ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Stomach Adenocarcinoma ◽

New Perspective ◽

H Pylori ◽

Antibacterial Potential

H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) causes a common chronic infectious disease and infects around 4.4 billion people worldwide. H. pylori was classified as a member of the primary class of stomach cancer (stomach adenocarcinoma). Hence, this study was conducted to design a novel lactobionic acid (LBA)-coated Zn-MOFs to enhance bactericidal activity of Amoxicillin (AMX) against H. pylori. The synthesized Zn-MOFs were characterized by various techniques which included Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. They were capable of encapsulating an increased amount of AMX and investigated for their efficacy to enhance the antibacterial potential of their loaded drug candidate. Interestingly, it was found that LBA-coated Zn-MOFs significantly reduced the IC50, MIC, and MBIC values of AMX against H. pylori. Morphological investigation of treated bacterial cells further authenticated the above results as LBA-coated Zn-MOFs-treated cells underwent complete distortion compared with non-coated AMX loaded Zn-MOFs. Based on the results of the study, it can be suggested that LBA-coated Zn-MOFs may be an effective alternate candidate to provide new perspective for the treatment of H. pylori infections.

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