scholarly journals Abundance and diversity of insects associated with dry fish spoilage in three (3) selected markets in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Koru Joe Alagoa ◽  
Jeremiah Akpodoite Yabefa ◽  
Felicity Oghenero
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Fish Spoilage ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Fly Larvae

The insect vectors associated with spoilage of dried fish in Yenagoa were studied. This was done in order to identify the diversity and abundance of Insects implicated in fish spoilage in order to suggest alternate storage means. Insect infested dry fish samples were procured from Three (3) markets (Swali (A), Kpansia (B) and Tombia (C)) and put into clean transparent plastic containers covered with little nets. They were moistened every day with water sprinkled into the containers for 1 week for insects to emerge. Insect vectors were identified to species level using standard keys. Result of the investigation reveal that a total of eleven Taxa and 156 individuals were found: 12 Calliphorid larvae, 1 crane fly larvae, 46 Musca domestica larvae, 5 Phaenicia sericate, 20 Piophilia casei, 20 Calliphorid pupa, 3 Tephritid larvae, 6 Necrobia fufipe larvae, 10 Dermestes maculatus pupae, 30 Phlorid pupa, 3 scatopsidae larvae. The dominant taxon was Musca domestica larvae followed by Phlorid pupa, and the least abundant was crane fly larvae. From the eleven (11) taxa seen, the abundance of Phlorid pupa was observed in station C (30). Piophilia casei and Musca domestica larvae were the only taxa present in the three sample stations. The Shannon index gotten in station B varied from station A and C. Shannon diversity index for station B was observed to be 1.535 and A and C were observed to be 0.918 and 1.466 respectively. Species evenness was greatest at station A (0.835). The insect vector of the order coleoptera (Beetles) were present only in fish samples from Swali and Tombia markets and absent from fish samples from Kpansia market. This may be due to the storage methods for dry fish in these markets and also due to environmental factors prevalent in these markets. The dominance of Musca domestica is indicative of possible health hazards as the consumption of insect infested dried fish in Yenagoa without washing may result in cholera and diarrhea. The study concluded that insects are the major vector pathogens causing spoilage in dried fish in Yenagoa, as indicated in similar studies in the Niger Delta. Therefore, more effort should be taken in the preservation and storage of dry fish to ensure food safety and security.

scholarly journals MYCOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF SMOKE DRIED FISH SOLD IN BIDA MAJOR MARKETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Walter C. John ◽  
Binta A. Buba ◽  
Timothy T. Ayisa ◽  
Olusolape Oke ◽  
Temitope A. Ihum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Small Market ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Mycological Examination ◽  
Processing And Storage

Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin producing fungi in smoke-dried fish in Bida.Methodology: The study was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger state. Smoke dried fish samples were collected randomly from three major markets in Bida town. Fungi isolation was done after serial dilution using Potato dextrose agar. Total fungal load per sample was obtained from plate counts and expressed as colony-forming units per gram (cfu/g). The isolates were identified microscopically using Lactophenol cotton blue stain. Aflatoxigenicity text was done using coconut extract agar and exposed to 365 nm ultra violet light. Data collected were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P < 0.05.Findings: The results showed maximum mean fungal load of smoke-dried fish of 9.54x105±1.83x106 cfu/g. Fungi associated with the smoked dried fish belong to five genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Candida, Acremonium and Rhizopus. Comparatively, the assessment showed that smoke-dried fish from old market were the most contaminated followed by samples from small market and modern markets. Aspergillus flavus had the highest prevalence of 32.88 %. Only strains of Aspergillus flavus gave positive to aflatoxins, out of the 24 Aspergillus flavus studied, only 25 % were positive to aflatoxins. Old market exhibited the highest of aflatoxin producing fungi.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: In view of this results, there is need to adopt hygienic practices during smoke dried fish processing and storage in Bida to avoid increase risk of aflatoxin poisoning.

Kepelbagaian Artropod dalam Tanaman Padi Tradisional di Batang Lupar, Sarawak

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fitri Masarudin ◽  
Maisarah Mohamad Saad
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Richness Index

The diversity of arthropod consists of pests and predators in rice fields were contribute to the biological control of crop pests at different stages of growth. The rice fields in Batang Lupar, Sarawak has diverse ecological conditions as well as presence of arthropod too. The study in MARDI research plot Batang Lupar in Sri Aman, Sarawak had been done on traditional rice varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut by using sweeping net. The entire specimens were sorted out and classified into the smallest possible taxa. Statistical analysis were analysed by using Shanon-wiener Diversity Index, Evenness Shannon Index and Margalef Richness Index. A total of 272 individual arthropods had been collected and it consists of 7 order, 18 families and 23 species. Among of that 3 species are spiders, 9 species are insect pests and 11 species are insect predators. Analysis data for the diversity of arthropod has shown that there were no significantly different between three varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut (P > 0.05). Besides that, diversity of the arthropod in Bali is higher than Bubuk and Mamut. 

scholarly journals Diversidade e distribuição de ninfas de Plecoptera (Insecta) por substratos em rios do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Avelino Capistrano ◽  
Gisele Luziane de Almeida ◽  
Leandro Silva Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Biological Similarity ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Janeiro State

Resumo. No presente estudo procuramos entender o principal substrato de ocorrência de ninfas de Plecoptera (Insecta) em rios do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). As coletadas das ninfas foram realizadas entre agosto/2008 a março/2009, em cinco riachos localizados a 200 m de altitude. Foram investigados cinco tipos diferentes de substrato: areia, folhiço retido, folhiço de fundo, rocha com musgo e rocha solta lisa. Além da coleta de imaturos, a temperatura da água e do ar, o pH, a largura e a profundidade dos riachos, e a velocidade da água (método de flutuação) foram medidas. A Análise de Espécies Indicadoras e o Teste de Monte Carlo foram utilizados para determinar a preferência de habitats pelas morfoespécies. O índice de Shannon foi utilizado para verificar a maior diversidade entre os substratos e os rios. Uma análise de agrupamento foi realizada a fim de verificar a similaridade física e biológica dos rios. Um total de 559 ninfas foi coletado e distribuídos em seis morfoespécies. O substrato ‘folhiço retido’ mostrou-se como o de maior abundância e riqueza em todos os riachos estudados. A heterogeneidade de substratos foi apontada como principal fator de diversidade entre os pontos de coleta.Diversity and substrate distribution of Plecoptera nymphs (Insecta) in strems of Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilAbstract. The present study contributes to the understanding the main substrate where Plecoptera nymphs have occur in streams of Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (Rio de Janeiro municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). The collects of the nymphs were realized between August 2008 to March 2009, in five streams located at 200 m. asl. Five different substrates were investigated: sand, litter deposited in pool areas, litter in riffle areas, stones with moss and free stones. In addition to the collection of nymphs, water and air temperatures, pH, width and depth of the streams, and water velocity (float method) were measurement. The Indicator Species Analyses and Monte Carlo Test were used to determine the habitat distributions of the insects. The Shannon Index was used to verify the diversity index of streams and substrates. The Cluster Analysis using the similarity index of Morisita, was used to verify the physical and biological similarity of the streams studied. A total of 559 nymphs were collected and distributed by six taxa. The litter was the substrate with high abundance and diversity. The heterogeneity of substrates maybe the factor to explain the diversity between the areas collected.

scholarly journals Fly larvae (Musca domestica) as a protein alternative in the feeding of Macrobrachium tenellum

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-603
Author(s):  
Josafat De Leon Ramirez ◽  
J. Fernando Garcia Trejo ◽  
Carlos Sosa Ferreyra ◽  
Sergio Martinez Ramos ◽  
Bryan Bottini Cedeno
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Fly Larvae

scholarly journals Keragaman Liliopsida Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Biologi

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ulia Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Biology Learning ◽  
School Yard ◽  
Important Value Index

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh mengenai konsep pembelajaran berbasis belajar dari lingkungan sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran biologi. Secara khusus tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman Liliopsida dan menganalisis kelayakannya untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran biologi. Penelitian dilakukan di pekarangan SMA Negeri 1 Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Metode pengumpulan data adalah survei dan kuadrat. Analisis data untuk indek keragaman dilakukan dengan Indeks Keragaman Shannon (H’), Indeks Kemerataan (E’). Analisis data Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) untuk menetapkan dominasi suatu jenis Liliopsida terhadap jenis Liliopsida lainnya dalam suatu komunitas. Sedangkan untuk kelayakan diuji dengan rumus penduga nilai kelayakan (K). Hasil penelitian diperoleh 37 jenis Liliopsida dari 6 familia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Indeks Nilai Penting, pada tiap stasiun pencuplikan diketahui jenis Liliopsida yang mendominasi lebih dari satu jenis. Pada stasiun I dan II terdapat 3 jenis Liliopsida yang mendominasi komunitas tersebut, sedangkan pada stasiun III ada 6 jenis Liliopsida yang mendominasi. Indeks keragaman Shannon menunjukkan tingkat keragaman Liliopsida di pekarangan SMA Negeri 1 Sawang termasuk kategori sedang dan Indeks kemerataan menunjukkan bahwa distribusi jumlah individu setiap jenis Liliopsida di setiap lokasi relatif terdistribusi secara merata. Hasil pengujian kelayakan menunjukkan tumbuhan anggota Liliopsida di pekarangan SMA Negeri 1 Sawang sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran biologi konsep keanekaragaman hayati, khususnya keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan (K= 120 %). Kata Kunci: Keragaman liliopsida, Media Pembelajaran dan Analisis Kelayakan The objective of this research was to know the further concerning of learning concept study-based from environmental as a supporting media of biological study. The main objective of this research was to know Liliopsida diversity and to analyze feasibility of Liliopsida species to used as biology learning media. The research was conducted in school-yard of SMA Negeri 1 Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara. The sampling was done by survey and squares method. Data analyzed using the Shannon index (H’) and Evenness index (E’). The important value index, to establish the dominance of one Liliopsida species to others Liliopsida in one community. Feasibility study measured by K formula (feasibility value assessment). The result showed that there were 37 species of which consist of 6 families. The important value index showed that in each sampling stations have more than one Liliopsida species as the dominance species. There were 3 dominance Liliopsida species from I and II sampling stations, whereas in III sampling station there were 6 dominance Liliopsida species. Shannon diversity index showed that the diversity level of Liliopsida in school-yard of SMA Negeri 1 Sawang were rated medium and Evenness index showed that a distribution of individual number of Liliopsida were relatifly apportionmented. The result of feasibility study showed that Liliopsida in school-yard of SMA Negeri 1 Sawang was very reasonable to be used as biology learning media in a biodiversity concept, specifically for plants biodirversity (K= 120 %). Keywords: Diversity, Liliopsida, Learning Media and Feasibility Study

scholarly journals Diversity of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 17121-17128
Author(s):  
Kumudu B. Wijesooriya ◽  
Lakshani S. Weerasekara ◽  
Kithsiri B. Ranawana
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
The Impact

Sri Lanka harbours 20 scorpion species belonging to four families, of which 15 are endemic.  The distribution and ecology of scorpion fauna in Sri Lanka is poorly known.  In this study, we surveyed the diversity of scorpions in the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.  Microhabitats were thoroughly observed using the direct visual encounter method and UV lights from July to November 2018 for about seven hours (19.00–02.00 h) by two to three observers.  Species, abundance, age/sex, and microhabitat features were recorded.  Diversity indices, including α-diversity and β-diversity, were calculated. Heterometrus swammerdami was the most abundant species recorded, while Isometrus thwaitesi was the rarest.  Reddyanus loebli and R. besucheti were common in both open and forest habitat types.  Charmus laneus was recorded for the first time in Polonnaruwa.  The highest Shannon Index and Margalef Diversity Index values were recorded in open habitats, but species evenness was low compared to forest habitats.  Sørensen index values showed a 58% species similarity between two habitats.  The results presented here contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of scorpions in these historically significant sites.  This can serve as a basis for future research on the impact of habitat modification and fragmentation on populations, distribution and ecology of scorpions.

scholarly journals Eco-Morphological Patterns and Diversity of Some Fishes from the Ogu River in Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ugbomeh Adaobi P. ◽  
Kelsy Chioma O. ◽  
Bob-Manuel Karibi N. O. ◽  
Nwosu Onyebuchi R.
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Aim: Eco-morphological studies show that morphological traits are adaptive, which means that traits evolve and change as a result of the activities going on in the environment such as predation, competition, and other biotic associations. This study was taken to determine the eco-morphological patterns of some fishes from the Ogu River in Ogu/Bolo Local Government Area of Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Study Design: Field work and random sampling. Place and Duration: Three stations were sampled along the Ogu river and the duration of the study was four months (January- April 2018). Methodology: A total of 193 individual fishes were caught, comprising of 5 families and 11 species. Fish samples were obtained with the aid of a seine net; identified, weighed and morphometric measurements were made, to provide the eco-morphological attributes. Fishes were dissected to measure intestinal length. Statistical analysis includes Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of morphometric ratios and intestinal length - total length ratios of fish. Results: The fish species found were Tilapia guineensis, Tilapia zilli, Mugil bananensis, Mugil curema, Liza falcipinnis, Liza dumerili, Liza grandisquamis, Pomadasys rogerii, Pomadasys jubelini, Lutjanus endecacanthus and Eucinostomus melanopterus. Tilapia guineensis was the most abundant species, Shannon Weiner diversity index (H) ranged from 1.83 - 1.96, Simpson’s dominance index ranged from 0.79 - 0.85. The PCA analysis using different morphological attributes revealed 4 groups in feeding regime (omnivorous - Mugilids; herbivorous - Cichlids; larger carnivores - Lutjanids and smaller carnivores - Pomadasyids), and 3 groups in the fishes habitat preference in water as (1: Cichlids, 2: Mugilids and 3: Pomadasyids, Lutjanids and Gerreids). Conclusion: This study revealed morphometric attributes of some fishes of the Ogu river in Rivers State Nigeria and their relation with feeding, microhabitat and environmental parameters.

scholarly journals Analysis of organochlorine DDT residue along with its metabolites in dry fishes from some selected markets of Dhaka city

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
M Amin Uddin ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman ◽  
M Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury ◽  
Md Harunur Rashid ◽  
Zeenath Fardous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Column ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticide ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Dried Fish

A study was investigated to estimate the current status of health hazardous organochlorine insecticide DDT and its metabolites DDE and DDD in different species of dry fish. To achieve the goal of this experiment, ten different sun-dried fish samples were collected from different markets of Dhaka city. The concentration of DDT, DDE and DDD was determined using the capillary column coupled to Gas Chromatograph with Electron Captured Detector (GC-ECD). Most of the dry fishes, seven out of ten samples, were found to be contaminated with DDT along with its metabolites DDE and DDD ranging from 0.029-1.22 mg/kg which is a serious concern because of the nature of long persistency and bioaccumulation of DDT in the environment. The highest concentration of DDT (1.22 mg/kg) was observed in Pampus chinensis dry fish whereas low concentration was detected in Otolithoides pama (0.029 mg/kg). Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (2), 79-84

scholarly journals Changes of Intestinal Flora and Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yan Lv ◽  
Gang Ren ◽  
Xiaojun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Control Group

Objective. To explore the changes of intestinal flora and lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods. 60 CRF patients who were treated from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected; 60 healthy persons were selected as the control group. 16S rDNA was used to detect the expression of Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium in the feces of the two groups. Illumina Miseq sequencing (Solexa sequencing technology) method was used to analyze the structural differences and species diversity of intestinal flora, including species richness index (Chao) and diversity index (Shannon, Simpson). Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of lymphocytes and their subgroups of the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Chao and lymphocyte subsets. Results. The number of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in CRF group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ), while the Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The Simpson index of the CRF group was lower than that of the control group, while the Chao index and Shannon index were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ in the CRF group were lower than those in the control group, while the levels of CD14+, CD19+, and CD16+/CD56+ were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The intestinal flora Chao index of CRF group was negatively correlated with the levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ (r = −0.692, P = 0.019 ; r = −0.669, P = 0.021 ; r = −0.603, P = 0.028 ). The intestinal flora Chao of CRF group is positively correlated with the level of CD14+ and CD16+/CD56+ (r = 0.615, P = 0.026 ; r = 0.758, P = 0.016 ). Conclusion. There are intestinal flora disorder and the imbalance of immune function in CRF patients, which are mainly manifested in the change of intestinal flora structure, the increase of richness and diversity of intestinal flora, and the decrease of lymphocyte subgroups. There is correlation between the imbalance of intestinal colony and the imbalance of immune function.

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