scholarly journals Food Allergy Prevention and Management in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 080-086
Author(s):  
Melike YILDIZ ◽  
Gülcan ARUSOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Personalized Approach

Food allergy is a reaction mediated by immunological mechanisms that cause various symptoms in susceptible individuals while harmless in individuals who are not sensitive to the specific allergen. The reactions that take place are divided into three: IgE-mediated reactions, non-IgE-mediated reactions, and mixed-type reactions. While many types of food have the potential to cause allergen reactions, fewer foods are responsible for the most clinically severe reactions and for the majority of reported cases. Food allergy, which is increasingly common worldwide, is becoming an important public health problem. Although there are no clear epidemiological data, the prevalence of food allergy varies between 6-10% in preschool children and decreases to 2-5% in adulthood. Food allergy has long been recognized as a pediatric disease, as most cases tend to begin in childhood and disappear with growth. There is increasing evidence to support the role of early administration of potential food allergens to prevent food allergy. The management process of food allergy cases includes plans and innovative treatment strategies aimed at a personalized approach.

scholarly journals Personalized Nutrition Approach in Food Allergy: Is It Prime Time Yet?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enza D’Auria ◽  
Mariette Abrahams ◽  
GianVincenzo Zuccotti ◽  
Carina Venter
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The prevalence of food allergy appears to be steadily increasing in infants and young children. One of the major challenges of modern clinical nutrition is the implementation of individualized nutritional recommendations. The management of food allergy (FA) has seen major changes in recent years. While strict allergen avoidance is still the key treatment principle, it is increasingly clear that the avoidance diet should be tailored according to the patient FA phenotype. Furthermore, new insights into the gut microbiome and immune system explain the rising interest in tolerance induction and immunomodulation by microbiota-targeted dietary intervention. This review article focuses on the nutritional management of IgE mediated food allergy, mainly focusing on different aspects of the avoidance diet. A personalized approach to managing the food allergic individual is becoming more feasible as we are learning more about diagnostic modalities and allergic phenotypes. However, some unmet needs should be addressed to fully attain this goal.

scholarly journals The Role of Nutritional Aspects in Food Allergy: Prevention and Management

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽  
Carina Venter ◽  
Kate Maslin ◽  
Carlo Agostoni
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Allergy Prevention

scholarly journals Overview of Food Allergy Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Manea ◽  
Elena Ailenei ◽  
Diana Deleanu
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Allergy Diagnosis ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Food Allergy Diagnosis

Food allergy is a condition with significant social and economic impact and a topic of intense concern for scientists and clinicians alike. Worldwide, over 220 million people suffer from some form of food allergy, but the number reported is just the tip of the iceberg. Recent years have brought new perspectives in diagnosing food allergy. Elucidating incriminated immunological mechanisms, along with drawing the clinical phenotype of food hypersensitivity reactions ensures an accurate diagnosis of food allergy. Moreover, molecular based allergy diagnosis, which is increasingly used in routine care, is a stepping-stone to improved management of food allergy patients.The aim of this review is to summarize the topic of IgE-mediated food allergy from the perspective of current diagnostic methods.

scholarly journals Multimorbilidade em Portugal: Dados do Primeiro Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Quinaz Romana ◽  
Irina Kislaya ◽  
Mário Rui Salvador ◽  
Susana Cunha Gonçalves ◽  
Baltazar Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: The simultaneous presence of multiple chronic diseases in the same individual is recognized as an important public health problem. Patients with multimorbidity have greater healthcare needs, which represents a higher burden on health services. Although there is no consensual definition of this concept, multimorbidity is usually defined as the presence of two or more chronic diseases in the same patient. The existence of evidence regarding multimorbidity will lead to more efficient management and treatment of these patients.Material and Methods: In order to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and to identify the associated factors, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was developed based on data from the INSEF, a population-based survey conducted on a representative probability sample of the Portuguese population (n = 4911). The prevalence of multimorbidity was estimated for the total population and separately for men and women, stratified by age group, region, education and income. The magnitudes of the associations were measured by the adjusted prevalence ratios calculated by the Poisson regression model.Results: Prevalence of multimorbidity was 38.3% (95% CI: 35.4% to 41.3%), with higher frequency in women, older people, Lisbon and Tagus Valley; Northern Portugal; Algarve and Alentejo regions and in those with lower academic qualifications. No association was found between multimorbidity and income.Discussion: Multimorbidity affects more than one third of the Portuguese population. Epidemiological data about multimorbidity in Portugal allows the identification of population groups with higher multimorbidity prevalence.Conclusion: Our results, which highlight the greater risk of multimorbidity among older and less instructed people, are in line with the literature. These results show the relevance of multimorbidity patients and are especially important in the way how healthcare is organized and provided.

Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Antonella Cianferoni
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Food Challenges ◽  
Allergic Proctocolitis ◽  
Eosinophilic Disorders

Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 2% of adults in western countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising like all allergic diseases. In addition to well-recognized urticaria and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody– mediated immune responses, there is an increasing recognition of cell-mediated disorders, such as eosinophilic esophagitis and food protein–induced enterocolitis. Non-IgE-Mediated gastrointestinal food allergies are a heterogeneous group of food allergies in which there is an immune reaction against food but the primary pathogenesis is not a production of IgE and activation of mast cells and basophils. Those diseases tend to affect mainly the gastrointestinal tract and can present as acute (FPIES) or chronic reaction, such as Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP). The role of food allergy in Non-EoE gastrointestinal Eosinophilic disorders (Non- EoE EGID) is poorly understood. In some diseases like EoE, T cell seems to play a major role in initiating the immunological reaction against food, however, in FPIES and FPIAP, the mechanism of sensitization is not clear. Diagnosis requires food challenges and/or endoscopies in most of the patients, as there are no validated biomarkers that can be used for monitoring or diagnosis of Non-IgE mediated food allergies. The treatment of Non-IgE food allergy is dependent on diet (FPIES, and EoE) and/or use of drugs (i.e. steroids, PPI) in EoE and Non-EoE EGID. Non-IgE mediated food allergies are being being investigated.

scholarly journals Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Progression of NAFLD to NASH

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyong Wan ◽  
Chengfu Xu ◽  
Chaohui Yu ◽  
Youming Li
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of disease progression from NAFLD to NASH has not been fully understood. Immunological mechanisms that have been increasingly recognized in the disease progression include defects in innate immunity, adaptive immunity, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and gut-liver axis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex involved in the production of mature interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and induces metabolic inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome has been recently demonstrated to play a crucial role in the progression of NASH. This review highlights the recent findings linking NLRP3 inflammasome to the progression of NASH.

scholarly journals Variables de riesgo y protección relacionadas con la tentativa de suicidio

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
David Sánchez-Teruel ◽  
José Antonio Muela-Martínez ◽  
Ana García-León
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Predictive Behavior

Abstract: Risk and protection variables related to suicidal attempt. Suicide is an important public health problem, being the suicidal attempt the most predictive behavior of completed suicide. The aim of this study was to detect if there are differences in psychosocial and emotional variables in people with and without suicidal ideation and attempt. The sample consisted of 166 participants (86.36% women), aged between 20 and 77 years (M= 36, SD= 14.12) with and without suicide attempts, which was in turn divided into three groups through the Scale of Suicidal Ideation. The results show that there are important differences between the three groups in the psychological variables measured. We discuss the role of psychosocial variables, which are at the base of the increased risk or protection towards the ideation or suicidal attempt, to promote public suicide prevention policies more focused on those clinical subpopulations with specific risk profiles.Resumen: El suicidio es un importante problema de salud pública, siendo la tentativa de suicidio la conducta más predictiva del suicidio consumado. Mediante el presente estudio se pretende detectar si existen diferencias en variables psicosociales y emocionales en personas con y sin ideación y tentativa suicida.  La muestra estuvo constituida por 166 participantes (86.36 % mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 77 años (M= 36; DT= 14.12) con y sin tentativas suicidas, que fue a su vez dividida en tres grupos a través de la Escala de Ideación Suicida. Los resultados muestran que existen importantes diferencias entre los tres grupos en las variables psicológicas medidas. Se discute el papel de las variables psicosociales, que están en la base del incremento del riesgo o protección hacia la ideación o tentativa suicida, para propiciar políticas públicas de prevención del suicidio más centradas en aquellas subpoblaciones clínicas con perfiles de riesgo concretos.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Tayib
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens

Currently, there has been an increasing socioeconomic impact of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animals to humans worldwide. Recently, in the Arabian Peninsula, including in Saudi Arabia, epidemiological data indicated an actual increase in the number of emerging and/or reemerging cases of several viral zoonotic diseases. Data presented in this review are very relevant because Saudi Arabia is considered the largest country in the Peninsula. We believe that zoonotic pathogens in Saudi Arabia remain an important public health problem; however, more than 10 million Muslim pilgrims from around 184 Islamic countries arrive yearly at Makkah for the Hajj season and/or for the Umrah. Therefore, for health reasons, several countries recommend vaccinations for various zoonotic diseases among preventive protocols that should be complied with before traveling to Saudi Arabia. However, there is a shortage of epidemiological data focusing on the emerging and reemerging of zoonotic pathogens transmitted from animal to humans in different densely populated cities and/or localities in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, further efforts might be needed to control the increasing impacts of zoonotic viral disease. Also, there is a need for a high collaboration to enhance the detection and determination of the prevalence, diagnosis, control, and prevention as well as intervention and reduction in outbreaks of these diseases in Saudi Arabia, particularly those from other countries. Persons in the health field including physicians and veterinarians, pet owners, pet store owners, exporters, border guards, and people involved in businesses related to animal products have adopted various preventive strategies. Some of these measures might pave the way to highly successful prevention and control results on the different transmission routes of these viral zoonotic diseases from or to Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the prevention of these viral pathogens depends on socioeconomic impacts, available data, improved diagnosis, and highly effective therapeutics or prophylaxis.

The role of dietary interventions in the prevention of IgE-mediated food allergy in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Du Toit ◽  
Ru-Xin Foong ◽  
Gideon Lack
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ige Mediated

scholarly journals Adaptive Immune Responses in Primary Cutaneous Sarcoidosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bordignon ◽  
Paola Rottoli ◽  
Carlo Agostini ◽  
Mauro Alaibac
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Cutaneous Sarcoidosis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder with cutaneous lesions present in about one-quarter of the patients. Cutaneous lesions have been classified as specific and nonspecific, depending on the presence of nonnecrotizing epithelial cell granulomas on histologic studies. The development and progression of specific cutaneous sarcoidosis involves a complex interaction between cells of the adaptive immune systems, notably T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. In this paper, we will discuss the role of T-cells and skin dendritic cells in the development of primary cutaneous sarcoidosis and comment on the potential antigenic stimuli that may account for the development of the immunological response. We will further explore the contributions of selected cytokines to the immunopathological process. The knowledge of the adaptive immunological mechanisms operative in cutaneous sarcoidosis may subsequently be useful for identifying prevention and treatment strategies of systemic sarcoidosis.

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