scholarly journals Seasonal variation in the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of well water in two sub-divisions of Moundou city (Southern Chad, Central Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-345
Author(s):  
Jaïrus Dionkas ◽  
Antipas Ban-bo Bebanto ◽  
Naré Bongo Ngandolo ◽  
Mian-Oudanang Kossou ◽  
Serge Hubert Zébazé Togouet
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Total Coliforms

This study were carried out from May 2019 to July 2020 with the aimed of evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of well water in the City of Moundou (Chad). The physicochemical analysis showed that, the water from wells in the two sub-divisions were of very poor quality with an average concentration in Suspended Solids (SS) 30.73 ± 2 1.72 mg.L-1, a Turbidity of 11.10 ± 13.34 FTU, the Electrical Conductivity of 1625.9 ± 1398.6, a Total hardness of 1693.1 ± 1198.2 mg.L-1, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of 167.67 ± 60, 28 mg.L-1, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 605.93 ± 259.98 mg.L-1 and organic matter 3.75 ± 2.40 mg.L-1. The contamination rate (% non-compliance) of the water points indicates that, during the rainy season the wells were moderately contaminated. Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli induced 29% and 14% respectively, of samples which did not comply with the WHO evaluation criteria (0 germ/mL). As for Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms, they were 93% non-compliant each time in the well water samples analyzed. During the dry season, the wells were heavily contaminated with Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms induced approximately 100% of samples were not conform to the criteria of the WHO (0 germ/mL). These waters are therefore not safe for direct consumption without treatment.

Reclaimed municipal wastewater for forage production

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Said Ines ◽  
Mezghani Imed ◽  
Donyez Frikha ◽  
Chaieb Mohamed ◽  
Muscolo Adele
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Total Coliforms

This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using reclaimed municipal wastewater for agricultural purpose. We assessed the validity of municipal wastewater treatment, analyzing its chemical characteristics before and after the biological stabilization by pond treatment (WSP). The reclaimed municipal treated wastewater (TWW) was used to irrigate Cenchrus ciliaris. Experiments were carried out in greenhouse, from July 2013 to July 2014, comparing the effects of TWW with the water normally used for irrigation (tap water, TW) on the growth and flowering parameters of C. ciliaris. During this study, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. were detected in TW, TWW, soils and plants under irrigation. Our results evidenced that TWW increased plant growth, producing taller plants with respect to TW. Total coliforms and fecal coliforms in TWW, TW, soils and plants were under the threshold recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Salmonella was never found in TW, TWW, or soil and plants irrigated with TWW. The absence of pathogens suggests that the pond treatment is an effective method to reclaim wastewater, lowering biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pathogens. In this respect, TWW can be used as a valid alternative to freshwater for irrigation of fodder species.

Survival of Salmonella in Waste Egg Wash Water

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK C. MECKES ◽  
CLIFFORD H. JOHNSON ◽  
EUGENE W. RICE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Indigenous Microbial Population

Waste wash waters from chicken egg–processing facilities can harbor high densities of bacteria, including salmonellae. For this study, we enumerated total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. in the egg wash waters of a large egg producer. We then determined how long these organisms would survive at temperatures of 5, 15, and 25°C. We found that the fraction of salmonellae surviving over time at a given temperature was comparable to the fraction of indicator organisms that survived. We also found that the survival of these organisms varied with temperature, with 16, 8, and <2 days being required for a 90% reduction of Salmonella in waste wash water held at 5, 15, and 25°C, respectively. Finally, we noted that the response of laboratory-derived cultures to environmental stresses mimics the response of the indigenous microbial population, but individual cells within that population may survive for longer periods than laboratory-cultured strains.

scholarly journals Avaliação de Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados Implementados na Produção e Manipulação de Fórmulas Infantis em Hospital Federal

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Mariana Fernandes Garcia da Silva ◽  
Maria das Graças Gomes de Medeiros ◽  
Robson Maia Franco ◽  
Maria Carmela Kasnowski Holanda Duarte ◽  
Sergio Girão Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Standard Operating

A contaminação de fórmulas infantis pode ocorrer quando os manipuladores cometem falhas operacionais ou falhas na adequação do ambiente de preparo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a eficácia dos procedimentos operacionais padronizados executados na área de produção de fórmulas lácteas de um Hospital. Realizou-se uma pesquisa aplicada, descritiva e explicativa com avaliação do fluxo operacional e das condições físico funcionais, análise do comportamento dos manipuladores e pesquisas microbiológicas de Coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, Bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monicytogenes, Clostridium perfrigens, Clostridium Sulfito Redutor, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Salmonella spp., Enterococcous spp, Enterobacter sakazakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e fungos em superfícies de fórmulas infantis e água. Os procedimentos operacionais padronizados são executados em todas as etapas do processo, entretanto, foram observadas falhas humanas. Na avaliação físico-uncional, 92% estavam em conformidade; na pesquisa microbiológica de superfícies, 12% de resultados deram presenças para Enterococcus spp., Coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas. Nas fórmulas infantis, 8,33% dos resultados mostraram presença para Coliformes totais, Bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas e Fungos. Os procedimentos implantados asseguram a qualidade sanitária das fórmulas, mas se verificou a necessidade de treinamento dos manipuladores. Palavras-chave: Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. Fórmulas Infantis. Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Risco Sanitário. Abstract Infant formulas contamination may occur when handlers commit operational failures or failures in the environment adequacy. The objective of this research was evaluate the effectiveness of standard operating procedures performed in the production area of milk formulations of a Hospital. An applied, descriptive and explanatory research was conducted with evaluation of operational flow and physical functional conditions, analysis of the manipulators’s behavior and microbiological investigations of MPN of total Coliforms, Escherichia col and Enterococcus spp., Count of Bacillus cereus/g, Clostridium sulfite reducer, molds and yeasts, Staphylococcus coagulase positive, aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Cronobacter sakazakii, research of Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on surfaces, infant formulas and water. Standard operating procedures were performed at all the process stages, however, human failures have been observed. In the physical functional evaluation, 92% was in compliance; on the surface microbiological analysis, 12% of the results present Enterococcus spp., Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. In infant formulas, 8.33% results showed presence for Total Coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Fungi. The implanted procedures assured the formulas sanitary quality, but the necessity of the manipulators’s training was verified. Keywords: Foodborne Diseases. Infant Formulas. Food and Nutrition Security. Health Risk.

scholarly journals Microbiological lettuce quality evaluation from traditional, organic and hydroponic growing process

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Greici Bergamo ◽  
Eliezer Avila Gandra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Good Hygiene

Objective of the study: to evaluate the microbiological quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in three different cultivation: organic, hydroponic and traditional. Sixty lettuce samples commercialized in Videira – SC were analyzed. Microorganisms investigated: Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., total coliforms e Escherichia coli. The results showed the absence of Salmonella spp. for all samples. Present of Listeria spp. was found in 16,7% of the samples. Total coliforms e Escherichia coli count varied from <1x101 - 2,8x105 and <1x101 - 1x103, respectively. Traditional and hydroponic farming lettuce samples presented 100% of total coliforms. Escherichia coli analysis occurred in 22,2% of the samples traditional farming, 11,1% hydroponic farming and none in organic farming vegetables. Statistically, we found no significant relation between microbiological contamination and king of growing used in the vegetables production. The strains of the Listeria, total coliforms and Escherichia coli found in the samples indicated hygienic and sanitary quality and so it is important that good hygiene practices are taken from the manufacturing process until the moment of consumption.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality and underground flow in southern Amazon, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Josilena De Jesus Laureano ◽  
Caryne Ferreira Ramos ◽  
Daíse Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Lindolaine Machado de Sousa ◽  
Maria Cristina Nery do Nascimento Recktenvald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Underground Flow

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological groundwater parameters as well as the mapping of groundwater flow in an urban area of Presidente Médici county in Rondônia State, Southern Amazon. The water samples were collected in 11 wells in April and June of 2017, which corresponds to the dry season in the studied region. Groundwater was acidic, with a large range of nutrients concentration, low turbidity and presence of fecal coliforms in most sampled wells. The parameters that were in disagreement with Consolidation Ordinance No 05/2017/MS and CONAMA no 396/08 Resolution, were pH, turbidity, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nitrate. Regarding the microbiological parameter, most of the sampling sites were in disagreement with the established by the legislation that it recommends to be absent in 100mL, when it is destined for human consumption. Densities found were higher than 112,000UFC/100mL for total coliforms and higher than 56,000UFC/100mL for Escherichia coli. The pH ranged from 4.1 to 6.4, and the turbidity showed a maximum value of 6.7 uT. The nitrate concentrations were above the established level (10 mg.L-1) in April in 72.7%, and in June 50% of the wells, with a maximum of 48.5 mg.L-1. The study of the direction of the underground flow demonstrated the predominance of the flow towards the nearest river, as well as potential contributors of microbiological influences. The results indicate contamination of the groundwater by domestic sewage, being proved by the presence of coliforms and nitrate, being the water unfit for human consumption without adequate treatment.

Presence of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Fresh Vegetables

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL MONGE ◽  
MISAEL CHINCHILLA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation

In Costa Rica, a total of 640 samples from eight different vegetables used for raw consumption were analyzed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were found in 5.0% (4 samples) of cilantro leaves, 8.7% (7 samples) of cilantro roots and 2.5% (2 samples) of lettuce samples. A 1.2% contamination rate was detected in samples of other vegetables (radish, tomato, cucumbers and carrot). Oocysts of this parasite were absent from cabbage. A greater percentage of positive samples was found during the rainy season, and only in cilantro roots and lettuce was a positive linear correlation (P &lt; 0.05) established between the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and fecal coliforms and E. coli.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Spp. in Well Water Used for Drinking Purposes in Garoua (North Cameroon)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Djaouda ◽  
Bouba Gaké ◽  
Daniel Ebang Menye ◽  
Serge Hubert Zébazé Togouet ◽  
Moïse Nola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Faecal Bacteria

The ability of strains of faecal bacteria (Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and four strains of Salmonella isolated, resp., from well water, pig, poultry, and human urine in Garoua) to survive or grow in well water microcosms was compared. Water samples were obtained from two wells in Garoua (north Cameroun). Autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min and filtration through 0.2 µm filter were used to make microcosms. Microcosms were constituted of unfiltered-autoclaved, filtered-nonautoclaved, and filtered-autoclaved well waters. Bacterial strains were inoculated at initial cell concentration of 3 Log10CFU/mL. All strains were able to survive/grow in used microcosms, and a maximal concentration of 5.61 Log10CFU/mL was observed. Survival abilities were strain and microcosm dependent. The declines were more pronounced in filtered-nonautoclaved water than in the other microcosms. E. coli and Salmonella sp. (poultry strain) lowered to undetectable levels (<1 Log10CFU/mL) after two days of water storage. V. cholera decreased over time, but surviving cells persisted for longer period in filtered-nonautoclaved water from well W1 (1.91 Log10CFU/mL) and well W2 (2.09 Log10CFU/mL). Competition for nutrients and/or thermolabile antimicrobial substances synthesized by “ultramicrocells” or by the autochthonous bacteria retained by the filter might affect the bacterial survival.

Enumeration of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, and Escherichia coli in Foods by Hydrophobic Grid Membrane Filter: Supplementary Report

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-812
Author(s):  
Phyllis Entis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Membrane Filter Method

Abstract Raw, comminuted poultry meat was used to determine the specificity of the media and incubation conditions used in the hydrophobic grid membrane filter method. Confirmation rates for target colonies were 100% for total coliforms, 98% for fecal coliforms, and 97-99% for Escherichia coli. The results of total coliform enumeration in 30 pasteurized milk samples by both the hydrophobic grid membrane filter method and AOAC method 46.013-46.016 are also reported.

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