Types of bacteria isolated from Yemeni Currencies in Sana'a City and potential risk factors

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial contaminants on Yemeni paper currency notes and coins and some potential risk factors. This study was carried out on 140 paper currency and coins obtained from bus drivers, supermarket cashers and Qat sellers shops in Sana'a city, Yemen. Swabs were taken from 140 paper currencies and coins and were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agars. Gram stain, biochemical and serological tests were done to identify isolated bacteria. The percentage of different types of bacteria isolated from the currencies were as follow; Staphylococci spp (22.2%), Alcaligenes spp (11.2%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, Gram positive bacilli (10.0%), Escherishia coli (9.3%) , Seratia marcescans (6.8 %) , Streptococci spp (5.3%) , Enterobacter aerogene (3.0%) , Klebsilla pneumoniae (3.0%) , Enterobacter cloacae (2.3%) , Yersinia enterocolitica (2.3%) , Citrobacter spp (2.3%) , Gram posative diplococci (1.5%) , Shigella spp (1.5%) , and same percentage (0.8%) of Gram negative cocci, Vibrio cholerae, Actinomysis spp, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis. The highest percentage of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria was found on currencies taken from supermarket cashers (31.4%) and (30.4), respectively. Whereas, lowest percentage were found in currencies taken from bus driver and Qat seller shops. Yemeni paper currency and coins are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Currency contamination is of importance issue to public health as it can provide a vehicle for easy transmission of pathogens between handlers. Therefore, public education on proper handling and great care should be taken during handling of money to avoid cross contamination.

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Diversity and assessment of potential risk factors of Gram-negative isolates associated with French cheeses

Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.fm.2011.08.020 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 88-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Monika Coton ◽

Céline Delbés-Paus ◽

Françoise Irlinger ◽

Nathalie Desmasures ◽

Anne Le Fleche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Potential Risk Factors

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Small Ruminant Brucellosis in West Hararghe Zone of Oromia Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2021/6671554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Umer Seid Geletu ◽

Munera Ahmednur Usmael ◽

Yesihak Yusuf Mummed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Small Ruminant ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Flock Size ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Sera Samples

A cross-sectional study design was employed on collected sera samples to investigate brucellosis in small ruminants from December 2018 to November 2019 with the objectives of estimating the seroprevalence and potential risk factors for the occurrence of brucellosis in small ruminants in selected districts of West Hararghe: Chiro, Hirna, and Mieso. A total of 2070 collected sera samples from small ruminants were tested using serological tests and screened by RBPT and confirmatory test (CFT). The overall seroprevalence of the present study was 0.24% in small ruminants (Chiro 0.2%, Hirna 0%, and Mieso 0.3%). The chi-square test (Stat 14.0) was used to determine the strength of potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of brucellosis by using univariable logistic regression. Mixed flock (OR = 2.11 (1.33–3.36 CI; P = 0.002 )), agropastoral (OR = 4.01 (2.35–6.84 CI; P = 0.0001 )) and pastoral (OR = 2.59 (1.37–4.90 CI; P = 0004 )) production system, and larger flock size (OR = 1.68 (1.08–2.60 CI; P = 0.021 ) were factors significantly affecting the prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis. Univariable analysis was used, and independent predictors of small ruminant brucellosis were further analyzed using multilogistic regression. This disease was presented in the current study area; therefore, the careful separation of positive animals would help to prevent and control further distribution of the disease.

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Socio-demographic determinants and risk factors associated with bacterial gastroenteritis in children in Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v7i2.55002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 222-229

Author(s):

Mohammad Sharif Uddin ◽

Sutapa Bhowmik ◽

Imam Hossain

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family Income ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Chi Square ◽

Serological Tests ◽

E Coli ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is a disorder of gastrointestinal tract with symptoms of mainly diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramps, which is major cause of child morbidity and mortality, caused by mostly viruses, and bacteria, protozoa, etc. E. coli O157, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. play a significant role along with different sociodemographic and epidemiologic risk factors to cause bacterial gastroenteritis (BGE) in children. This study aimed to assess the burden of gasteroenteritis caused by the mentioned three bacteria, and contribution of several risk factors causing the disease in children. Stool specimens from hospitalized children were obtained along with sociodemographic and epidemiologic data. Bacterial pathogens from stools were recovered by using selective media, biochemical and serological tests. We found 15% (17/116) of the clinically suspected gastroenteritis children were infected with Salmonella spp. (29%), Shigella spp. (59%) and E. coli O157 (12%). A chi-square test of all (116) data revealed that sex (p<0.05), dehydration (p=0.05), contact with the diarrheal patient (p<0.05), past episode of diarrheal illness (p<0.05) and vomiting (p<0.02), feeding practices like only breastfeeding (p<0.05), breastfeeding with subsequent feeding (p<0.05), subsequent feeding (p<0.05), weaning status (p<0.001), family diet (p<0.05), types of drinking water (p<0.002), Father’s education (p<0.05), occupation (p=0.05), and family income (p<0.001) were significantly associated with BGE. Determination of these potential risk factors will help to minimize the possibility of getting BGE and to reduce morbidity and mortality and also will aid to effective disease management and prevention of BGE outbreak in future. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 222-229

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Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1645677 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 63 (01) ◽

pp. 013-015 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

E J Johnson ◽

C R M Prentice ◽

L A Parapia

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Early Age ◽

Arterial Thromboembolism ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

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