PERTUMBUHAN  AWAL TITI (Gmelina moluccana)

Titi or Gmelina moluccana is a type of the Lamiaceae family that grows in Maluku. Although this species is local, there is still very little information about its growth. This study aims to determine the growth of this species from planting in the field until the sixth year, environmental factors that affect its growth. Data collected in the form of plant height and diameter, air temperature, humidity, soil pH, soil moisture, sunlight intensity. Environmental factors are then related to plant height and diameter to determine environmental factors that affect the growth of these plants through multiple linear regression equations. Besides, the mean annual increment and the current annual increment is also calculated to determine the cycle of this plant. Based on the results of research, Titi plants up to the sixth year have an men annual increment and the current annual increment is 0.99 meters/year and 1.46 meters for height and 1.62 cm/year and 2.50 cm for diameter. Until the sixth year this species has not entered the techniquecycle, while for woodworking purposes, this species can be harvested at the age of 24.5 years. Environmental factors that affect the growth of Titi are soil pH and soil moisture.

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Gross value yield potential of coppice, high forest and model conversion of high forest to coppice on best sites

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/32/2011-jfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 536-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Kneifl ◽

J. Kadavý ◽

R. Knott

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

The Other ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Site Class ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Mean ◽

Model Conversion ◽

Mean Annual Increment

 Based on yield tables for oak high forest and oak coppice (both first site class) and using assortment tables and assortment prices in the Czech Republic in 2009, a set of variants of conversion of high forest to coppice was simulated. Average annual cut and average gross value of annual cut of such conversions were compared with those of well-established (in terms of the age structure balance) variants of coppice and high forest. Under the existing ratio of assortment prices, established coppice does not reach the gross value yield of high forest. No variant of simulated conversions was more financially profitable than the initial high forest. Furthermore, we found out that a +16.8% increase of the current fuel wood price would counterbalance the mean annual increment of gross value of the best coppice and the worst oak high forest variant. On the other hand, a +164.7% fuel wood price increase would be necessary to counterbalance the mean annual increment of gross value of the worst coppice and the best high forest variants.  

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Limits to CO2-Neutrality of Burning Wood. (Review)

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences ◽

10.1515/lpts-2016-0028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

J. Abolins ◽

J. Gravitis

Keyword(s):

Ecological Footprint ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Richards Equation ◽

Forest Land ◽

Land Area ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Excess Amount ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Annual Increment ◽

Fire Wood

Abstract Consumption of wood as a source of energy is discussed with respect to efficiency and restraints to ensure sustainability of the environment on the grounds of a simple analytical model describing dynamics of biomass accumulation in forest stands – a particular case of the well-known empirical Richards’ equation. Amounts of wood harvested under conditions of maximum productivity of forest land are presented in units normalised with respect to the maximum of the mean annual increment and used to determine the limits of CO2-neutrality. The ecological “footprint” defined by the area of growing stands necessary to absorb the excess amount of CO2 annually released from burning biomass is shown to be equal to the land area of a plantation providing sustainable supply of fire-wood.

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Yield and Wood Properties of 25-year-old Japanese Larch of Different Provenance in Eastern Canada

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc64475-6 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 475-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. P. Fowler ◽

J. D. Simpson ◽

Y. S. Park ◽

M. H. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Wood Properties ◽

Japanese Larch ◽

European Larch ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Yield Data ◽

Old Japanese ◽

The Mean ◽

Pattern Of Variation ◽

Mean Annual Increment

Yield data from a 25-year-old trial of Japanese larch (20 provenances), European larch (3 provenances) and tamarack (2 provenances) are presented. Japanese larch is genetically variable in volume of wood produced at age 25 years. The pattern of variation is not closely related to any commonly measured geographic or environmental variables.Japanese larch, managed over short rotations, is capable of producing two to three times more wood than other conifer species commonly planted in the Maritimes Region of Canada. The mean annual increment of merchantable wood for trees of the three best provenances at age 25 years is about 12 m3/ha per year, while that of the poorest provenance is about the same as for European larch and tamarack, 4 m3/ha per year. Japanese larch wood sawed, dried and machined well. It appears suited for general construction use and may be eligible for a stress grade.

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Effect of environmental factors on polyketide synthase gene expression, usnic acid biosynthesis, and ground cover of a lichen-fungus, Cladonia uncialis

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Duleeka Gunawardana ◽

Natalia Sveshnikova ◽

André Arsenault ◽

Michele D Piercey-Normore

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Polyketide Synthase ◽

Usnic Acid ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Ph Level

Lichens are composed of symbiotic slow-growing organisms and are often exposed to extreme micro-environmental conditions, resulting in production of unique secondary metabolites. One of the most commonly produced secondary metabolites is usnic acid, which is thought to be produced by two genes. The objectives of the present study were to compare Polyketide Synthase (PKS) gene expression and usnic acid concentration in Cladonia uncialis, with two environmental factors. Seventy-five lichen samples were collected from three locations in Newfoundland using a strip transect method (x5 transects x5 quadrats). Usnic acid concentration was measured using Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass-Spectrometric method and gene expression of two PKS genes (methylphloracetophenone oxidase MPAO, methylphloracetophenone synthase MPAS) was examined using quantitative Real-Time PCR. The results showed that percent ground cover of Cladonia uncialis was affected by soil pH level but not soil moisture; and usnic acid concentration was not affected by either soil pH or soil moisture. MPAO gene expression level was significantly affected by soil pH level but not soil moisture; and MPAS gene expression level was not affected by either soil pH level or soil moisture. There was no significant relationship between MPAS and MPAO gene expression levels and usnic acid concentration. These findings suggest that soil pH may be important for the production of usnic acid by C. uncialis but the genes involved require further study.

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Productive potential of Tectona grandis in Midwest Brazil

Advances in Forestry Science ◽

10.34062/afs.v6i4.8590 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 803

Author(s):

Reginaldo Antonio Medeiros ◽

Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽

Álvaro Augusto Vieira Soares ◽

Gustavo Eduardo Marcatti ◽

Fausto Hissahi Takizawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Estimation Accuracy ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Productive Potential ◽

The Mean ◽

Teak Plantations ◽

Production Areas ◽

Mean Annual Increment

This study aimed to assess the productive potential of teak plantations in the state of Mato Grosso, Midwest Brazil. We modeled the mean annual increment at the age of 12 years (MAI12) as a function of climatic, edaphic and physiographic variables using artificial neural networks (ANN). The ANNs were shown effective in modeling the mean annual increment, despite of some inconsistences found for areas for which part of the environmental information was not available. The greatest proportion of the land covered by our study (62%) presented moderate productivity, ranging from 10.24 m3 ha-1 year-1 to 28.76 m3 ha‑1 year‑1 MAI12. The highest (MAI12 > 28.76 m3 ha-1 year-1) and the lowest (MAI12 < 10.24 m3 ha‑1 year‑1) productivity areas accounted for 18% and 20% of the study area, respectively. Studies comprising a more comprehensive coverage of the teak production areas are encouraged in order to improve estimation accuracy.

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Introduction of suitable species for planting in gaps of different size (case study: Loveh forest, Golestan, Iran)

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/89/2016-jfs ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Parhizkar Pejman ◽

Sagheb-Talebi Khosro ◽

Shahini Yaser ◽

Teimouri Maryam

Keyword(s):

Soil Surface ◽

Medium Size ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quantitative Characteristics ◽

North Of Iran ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Annual Increment

This study was carried out in Loveh forest, north of Iran. We measured the quantitative characteristics of seedlings including collar diameter (measured at 1 cm above the soil surface), height, and current annual height increment and calculated the mean annual increments of height and diameter. Ten gaps with the same climatic, edaphic and topographic conditions were selected. In each gap, two transects, 2 m wide, were laid along the longest (North-South) and the shortest (West-East) axis. Nine sampling microplots, 4 m<sup>2</sup> area, were established: one at the centre, four at the edges and four under the canopy within the transects. Results showed that the highest frequency of seedlings was seen in medium-size gaps (200–500 m<sup>2</sup>). Quantitative characteristics of oak seedlings were better in small and medium-size gaps. There was a significant difference in the length of spring shoots, mean annual increment of height and mean annual increment of diameter between the species. Hornbeam, wild service and wild cherry seedlings are recommended for faster gap recovery, as the results showed that these species had the highest values of studied variables.

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Comparison of the Growth of SixEucalyptusSpecies in Angola

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2011/980259 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cristobal Delgado-Matas ◽

Timo Pukkala

Keyword(s):

Species Introduction ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Eucalyptus Saligna ◽

Stand Volume ◽

X Ray ◽

Optimal Rotation ◽

The Mean ◽

Introduction Experiment ◽

Mean Annual Increment ◽

Stand Characteristics

Eucalyptusspecies have been planted in Angola since the early twentieth century. The species introduction experiment of Tchianga, in the Angolan Highlands, was established in 1966/1967. The experiment included several tropical pines and eucalypts. The plots were 43 years old when measured in 2009. Species includedEucalyptus salignaSm.,E. camaldulensisDehnh.,E. macarthuriiH. Deane & Maiden,E. resiniferaSm.,E. siderophloiaBenth., andE. grandisHill ex. Maiden.E. salignahad the highest stand volume at 43 years (1427 m3 ha−1), followed byE. grandis(1006 m3 ha−1).E. macarthuriiandE. camaldulensishad the lowest stand volume (423 and 511 m3 ha−1, resp.). Using X-ray analyses of increment cores, it was possible to study the temporal development of the stand characteristics. An analysis of the mean annual increment showed that the optimal rotation length for most of the studied eucalypts is around 22 years with the exception ofE. resinifera, for which 12–15 years is the best.E. salignahad the highest maximum mean annual increment (MMAI) of 37 m3 ha−1attained at 22 years of age.E. grandisreached its MMAI of 25 m3 ha−1at 28 years. The results suggest thatE. salignais the most recommendedEucalyptusspecies for new plantations in Angola.

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Radial variation of vessel lumen diameter in relation to stem increment in 30 hardwood species

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000222 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 331-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ryouta Tsuchiya ◽

Ikuo Furukawa

Keyword(s):

Stem Growth ◽

Lumen Diameter ◽

Type I ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Vessel Lumen ◽

Hardwood Species ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Annual Increment ◽

Maturation Age ◽

Stem Increment

Vessel lumen diameter (VLD) is one of the most important anatomical indicators for demarcating juvenile wood and mature wood in hardwoods. In several species, we previously found that the age at which VLD stabilizes (maturation age) and the age at which the mean annual increment in radial stem growth was maximal were approximately the same. In the current study, we investigated the extent to which this relationship is true for 30 species of hardwoods. We found that two types of relation exist between the maturation age of VLD and radial stem growth, i.e., the type in which the maturation age of VLD was similar to the age at which the current annual increment was maximal (Type-I), and the other type in which the maturation age of VLD was similar to the age at which the mean annual increment was maximal (Type-II). Where more than one species was studied for a given genus, the type was shared. Porosity (ring- or diffuse-porous) is not related with maturation type.

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L'état actuel des vieilles sapinières à Hylocomium à la forêt Montmorency de l'Université Laval

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc45018-1 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

Gilbert Paille

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Balsam Fir ◽

Natural Mortality ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Site Class ◽

Site Type ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Annual Increment ◽

Final Cutting

The present status of old balsam fir stands (Hylocomium-Oxalis site-type) has been studied on sites of second quality (index of 40 feet at 50 years) by means of 1/5-acre random sample plots. Comparisons with normal yield tables indicate that, between the age of 70 and 90 years, these stands show 1) too many stems per acre, mainly due to abundant ingrowth, 2) a constant average stand, d.b.h., 3) a loss of 30 sq.ft. per acre of basal area, and 4) a reduction of the mean annual increment in merchantable volume from 33 to 22 cu.ft. per acre.It is concluded that these site class II balsam fir stands are already mature, rapidly deteriorating, and failing to occupy the station fully. Consequently, they should be managed on rotations shorter than 70 years. Thinnings might be conducted 15 years before the final cutting to salvage otherwise heavy losses by natural mortality.

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Above-ground dendromass of sprouted black locust energy plantations: a case study

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/23/1-4./1196 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1-4) ◽

Author(s):

Zs. Keserü ◽

I. Csiha ◽

B. Bakti ◽

K. Rédei

Keyword(s):

Black Locust ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Test Results ◽

Annual Increment ◽

The Mean ◽

Energy Plantations ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽

Mean Annual Increment

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) can be considered as one of the most suitable tree species for establishing energy plantations due to its favourable growing characteristics such as vigorous growing potential in the juvenile phase, excellent coppicing ability, a relatively high resistance to pests. Based on national and international test results the mean annual increment of oven-dry weight of energy plantations regenerated by coppicing generally exceeds the first cycle plantations established by seedlings.

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