Pengaruh Kombinasi Terhadap Kekuatan Material Golok Sulangkar Campuran 10% Pegas 90% Baja SS 400

The manufacture of tools such as machetes in Banten is still widely practiced, machetes are produced from a conventional forging process using a hammer by a blacksmith. Working as a blacksmith in the Banten area, especially in the village of the new village of lightning, was passed down from generation to generation as a traditional blacksmith, but over time the machetes produced by traditional blacksmiths began to be replaced by modern ones machete. The traditional golok of Kampung Baru Village, Petir, consists of two types, the regular machete and the sulangkar golok. The material commonly used by blacksmiths to make machetes is a vehicle spring sheet that is no longer used, while for making machetes, a blacksmith usually combines other materials during forging. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the mechanical and micro properties of the two types of golok, Banten cultural heritage. The research was carried out from the start of the search for the material, the manufacturing and forging processes and carried out testing. The results of the hardness test show that the value of the spring material is 423.1 HBW, SS 400 steel material 134.18 HBW, combination material or Sulangkar 735.15 HBW then the data results from the tensile test on steel material SS 400, Spring, Combination or Sulangkar are 442.52 MPa, 1334,60 MPa, 522.81 MPa. The results of the data from the impact test on Spring material, SS 400 steel, Combination or Sulangkar, namely 162 J, 34 J, 88 J. The results of automatic microscope testing and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) show the surface of the spring, SS 400 steel and combination materials.

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Effect of Dip-Coating Cycle on Some Physical Properties of Cu2NiSnS4 Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

10.21203/rs.3.rs-194196/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed ZITI ◽

Bouchaib HARTITI ◽

Amine BELAFHAILI ◽

Hicham LABRIM ◽

Salah FADILI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Visible Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Uv Visible ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Quaternary semiconductor Cu2NiSnS4 thin film was made by the sol-gel method associated to dip-coating technique on ordinary glass substrates. In this paper, we have studied the impact of dip-coating cycle at different cycles: 4, 5 and 6 on the structural, compositional, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics. CNTS thin films have been analyzed by various characterization techniques including: X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy and four-point probe method. XRD spectra demonstrated the formation of cubic Cu2NiSnS4 with privileged orientation at (111) plane. Crystallite size of cubic CNTS thin films increase with from 6.30 to 9.52 with dip-coating cycle augmented. Raman scattering confirmed the existence of CNTS thin films by Raman vibrational mode positioned at 332 cm− 1. EDS investigations showed near-stoichiometry of CNTS sample deposited at 5 cycles. Scanning electron microscope showed uniform surface morphologies without any crack. UV-visible spectroscopy indicated that the optical absorption values are larger than 104 cm− 1, Estimated band gap energy of CNTS absorber layers decrease from 1.64 to 1.5 eV with dip-coating cycle increased. The electrical conductivity of CNTS thin films increase from 0.19 to 4.16 (Ω cm)-1. These characteristics are suitable for solar cells applications.

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CHARACTERISATION OF BIOMEDICAL TITANIUM LAYERS DEPOSITED BY A VACUUM PLASMA SPRAY PROCESS

Materiali in tehnologije ◽

10.17222/mit.2020.135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 231-235

Author(s):

Mihailo Mrdak ◽

Darko Bajić ◽

Darko Veljić ◽

Marko Rakin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Test Method ◽

Bonding Layer ◽

Vacuum Plasma Spray ◽

Porous Ti ◽

Scanning Electron

In this paper we will describe the process of the deposition of thick layers of VPS-Ti coating, which is used as a bonding layer for the upper porous Ti coatings on implant substrates. In order to deposit the powder, we used HÖGANÄS Ti powder labelled as AMPERIT 154.086 -63 µm. In order to test the mechanical properties and microstructure of the VPS-Ti coating, the powder was deposited on Č.4171 (X15Cr13 EN10027) steel substrates. Mechanical tests of the microhardness of the coating were performed by the Vickers hardness test method (HV0.3) and tensile strength by measuring the force per unit area (MPa). The microhardness of the coating is 159 HV0.3, which is consistent with the microstructure. The coating was found to have a good bond strength of 68 MPa. The morphology of the powder particles was examined on a scanning electron microscope. The microstructure of the coating, both when deposited and etched, was examined with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. By etching the coating layers, it was found that the structure is homogeneous and that it consists of a mixture of low-temperature and high-temperature titanium phases (α-Ti + β-Ti). Our tests have shown that the deposited layers of Ti coating can be used as a bonding layer for porous Ti coatings in the production of implants.

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Studi Material Tanah Longsor Akibat Gempa Lombok 2018

Teras Jurnal ◽

10.29103/tj.v10i2.330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Muhammad Nurjati Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Silty Sand ◽

Small Scale ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstrak Pada umumnya, tanah longsor terjadi dengan skala yang kecil dan dampak yang dihasilkan tidak parah sebagaimana letusan gunung berapi, gempa atau tsunami. Namun, perhatian terhadap bencana ini seringkali diabaikan oleh masyarakat dan perencanaan pembangunan kota. Ada beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam meneliti tanah longor, salah satunya adalah mineral tanah. Dalam studi ini, sampel tanah diambil dari Lombok Utara akibat dari gempa Lombok 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan tanah berdasarkan USCS dan AASTHO, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis mineralogi menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Berdasarkan klasifikasi USCS, tanah termasuk kategori pasir berlanau dan campuran lanau (SM); dan lempung anorganik dengan plastisitas rendah sampai sedang, lempung berkerikil, lempung berpasir, lempung berlanau, lempung kurus (lean clays). Pada klasifikasi AASHTOO, hasilnya adalah tanah berlanau (A-4); kerikil dan pasir yang berlanau atau berlempung (A-2-4); dan pasir halus (A-3). Berdasarkan hasil mineralogi menggunakan XRD dan SEM, material utama pada sampel tanah adalah Albite Calcian, Microline and Kuarsa. Kata kunci: longsor, mineralogi, XRD, SEM Abstract Landslides generally occur on a small scale and the impact is not as severe as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or tsunamis. However, attention to these disasters is often ignored by the community and city development planning. In assessing the factors causing landslides there are many factors that need to be considered, one of which is soil minerals. The samples of soil in this study were taken from North Lombok as a result of the 2018 earthquake. This research is conducted by classifying the soil based on USCS and AASHTO, then proceed with mineralogical analysis using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Based on USCS classification, the result of the analysis shows that soil samples have a classification of silty sand, and silt mixtures (SM); and inorganic clays or low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays (CL). For AASHTO classification, the result shows the sample belong to silty soil (A-4), silty or clayey gravel sand (A-2-4) and fine sand (A-3). Based on the results of mineralogical analysis using XRD and SEM, it is known that the dominant minerals making up the soil in the sample are Albite Calcian, Microline and Quartz Keywords: landslide, mineralogy, XRD, SEM

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Features of formation of colonial settlements of marine benthic diatoms on the surface of synthetic polymer

Marine Biological Journal ◽

10.21072/mbj.2020.05.2.08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 88-104

Author(s):

Ph. V. Sapozhnikov ◽

A. I. Salimon ◽

A. M. Korsunsky ◽

O. Yu. Kalinina ◽

F. S. Senatov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Synthetic Polymer ◽

Polymer Substrate ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Surface Colonization ◽

The Impact ◽

Natural Communities ◽

Scanning Electron

The topic of interactions between plastic and natural communities is now more relevant than ever before. Gradual accumulation of artificial polymer products and their fragments in the natural environment has reached a level at which it is already impossible to ignore the affect of these materials on living organisms. First and foremost, microorganism colonies inhabiting different biotopes, both aquatic and terrestrial, have been affected. These species are at the front-end of interaction with plastic, including those present in marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, in order to understand these processes, it is necessary to take into account several aspects of such interactions: the impact of different types of plastic on microbial community through the release of their decomposed products into the environment, the forms of plastic usage by microorganisms themselves, including mechanisms for surface colonization, as well as possible biodegradation processes of polymers due to the actions of microorganisms. At the same time, types of plastic may differ not only in mechanical strength, but also in their resistance to biodegradation caused by microorganisms. Experiments with surface colonization of types of plastic, which are different in composition and mechanical strength, provide a wide range of results that are not just relevant for understanding modern natural processes involving plastic: these results are also important for application in certain areas of technology development (for example, when creating composite materials). In particular, researches into the forms and mechanisms of sustainable colonization of particularly strong polymers by diatoms from natural communities are of great interest. Due to the fouling of surface of particularly strong synthetic polymers by diatoms, it is possible to form a single diatom-polymeric composite with general properties being already substantially different from those of the polymer itself. For example, when a polymer is fouled with diatoms that are firmly held on its surface due to physiological mechanisms that ensure their reliable fixation, total surface area of the composite increases by 2–3 orders of magnitude compared with this of bare polymer. Such composites and their properties are formed due to mechanisms of substrate colonization used by diatoms from natural marine cenoses – during the transfer of these mechanisms to a new material being prospective for diatom settlement. The practical applications of these composites lie in the sphere of heat and sound insulation, as well as in the field of creating prosthetic tissues for bone operations. In our experiments, we tracked the sequence of development of a stable composite when diatoms colonized the surface of samples of a particularly strong synthetic polymer being resistant to corrosion. In this case, the sample population process took place on the basis of colonies formed in accumulative cultures from the natural marine environment. Samples of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a smooth and porous surface structure (with an open cell, bulk porosity up to 80 %) were colonized by diatoms Karayevia amoena (Hust.) Bukht., 2006, Halamphora coffeaeformis (C. Agardh) Levkov, 2009, and Halamphora cymbifera (W. Greg.) Levkov, 2009. These laboratory experiments lasted for three weeks. Accumulative microphyte cultures, on the basis of which the experiments were conducted, were obtained from the Baltic Sea (Baltiysk area, Russia) and the Arabian Sea (Mumbai area, India). The types and stages of development of colonial settlements on various elements of the frontal surface microrelief and in the underlying caverns were studied using a scanning electron microscope on samples subjected to stepwise thermal drying. Individual cells of K. amoena, H. coffeaeformis, and H. cymbifera, their chain-like aggregates, and outstretched colonial settlements occupied varying in degree non-homogeneous microrelief surface elements, forming structures with a thickness of 1–2 layers with an average settlement height of 1–1.3 single specimen height. K. amoena cells were tightly fixed to the polymer substrate using the pore apparatus of the flap of the frustule. Observations using scanning electron microscope revealed shell imprints on the substrate, which were signs of a polymer substrate introduction into hypotheca areoles. The spread mechanisms of diatoms of three mentioned species on various elements of UHMWPE surface were explored, as well as the formation of the characteristic elements of colonial settlements, including for K. amoena – consecutively in the form of “pots” and spheres, by means of interaction with polymer surface and its extension with the increase in the number of tightly attached cells in the colonial settlement.

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Impact of Nanosilica in Ordinary Portland Cement Over Its Durability and Properties

10.5772/intechopen.96261 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gude Reddy Babu ◽

Pala Gireesh Kumar ◽

Nelluru Venkata Ramana ◽

Bhumireddy Madhusudana Reddy

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Ordinary Portland Cement ◽

Cement Mortar ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Cement Strength ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

The present examination illustrates the impact on the hardened and fresh cement mortar and cement with the inclusion of nanosilica of size 40 nm in various environmental conditions (UltraTech, India). It is quite notified that an elevation in compressive strength as well as flexural strength along with an improvisation in the performance and life span of cement mortar. The samples of M5 grade blended with a ninety percentage of concrete and remaining with nanosilica was identified to have a finer working elevation in as well as in standards when collated with the conventional cement mortar. The corollary of hardened and fresh cement, strength parameters were looked upon with the aid of XRD (X-ray Diffraction). Also, the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) test holds a predominant role in analysis.

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Microcraters in Lunar Samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067108 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 22-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David S. McKay

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Central Area ◽

Type I ◽

Small Glass ◽

Rock Mineral ◽

Lunar Samples ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

Introduction. Samples of rock, mineral, and glass fragments returned by Apollo 11 and 12 contain a variety of microcraters which were formed by the impacts of small projectiles. The craters are especially prominent in some of the small glass spherules and related forms.Crater types. It is possible to classify these microcraters on the basis of morphology as seen by the scanning electron microscope. Type I microcraters (Figure 1) show the following characteristics:A. A glassy central area is present which has been melted by the impact. This glass is primarily material from the target but may also contain melted projectile material. The central area is normally very smooth and may or may not have a smooth raised lip.

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2.3.3 Micrometeorite Impact Craters on Skylab Experiment S 149

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100051836 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 275-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Nagel ◽

H. Fechtig ◽

E. Schneider ◽

G. Neukum

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Hypervelocity Impact ◽

The Sun ◽

Impact Rate ◽

Chemical Measurements ◽

Micrometeorite Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractDuring the Skylab experiment S 149 three different sets of areas were exposed. 71.5 cm2 were facing the sun for 46 days, and 36 cm2 for 33 days, whereas 77.5 cm2 were exposed in anti-solar direction for 34 days. A fourth set is currently being exposed with the hope of future recovery. The exposed surfaces consisted of stainless steel, aluminium, platinum, glass, and pyroxene. The recovered targets have been investigated with a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. We found two groups of possible impact structures:1.) Five craters between 1 and 30 µm. These craters show clear signs of hypervelocity impact. Measurements yielded diameter to depth ratios between 2 and 3. Chemical investigations in the craters yielded an enhancement in aluminium in one case.2.) 44 crater-like structures between 1 and 4 (µm in diameter. These features have been found on 4 cm2 of pyroxene exposed in solar direction. They show diameter to depth ratios between 5 and 8. Chemical measurements of the interior of these structures indicate the elements of the pyroxene composition.The five impacts of the first group correspond to a cumulative flux of the order of 10−4 (m−2s−l) for masses of about 10−12 g. The second group may indicate a fragmentation process at altitudes around 450 km. Considering these 44 crater-like structures having been produced by fragments of one projectile, the impact rate could be comparable to that calculated for the first group. If individual projectiles had produced these structures, the corresponding flux could be 2 orders of magnitude higher.

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Hyper-Dispersant Modifier Prepared and Applied in Polyethylene Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2026 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 750-752 ◽

pp. 2026-2030

Author(s):

Shao Hui Wang

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Surface Analysis ◽

Butyl Acrylate ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Anchoring Group ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

A new hyper-dispersant with Silicon radicals as anchoring group and poly (butyl acrylate) as solvatable chain was synthesized and its effect on the properties of PE/Talc composites was investigated in this paper. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results show that the modifier react on the Talc powders surface and the modified Talc powders particles. The impact strength of PE/Talc composites increased about 32.5% compared with that of PE/Talc (filled with same non-modified fraction) respectively. Based on surface analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the Talc powders particles buried well in PE matrix when Talc powders was coated with the new modifier.

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Effects of RE on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.96 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 557-559 ◽

pp. 96-99

Author(s):

Xiao Liu ◽

Zhi Hui Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Impact Toughness ◽

Earth Element ◽

Impact Test ◽

Low Alloy Steel ◽

Metallographic Examination ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

The effect of rare earth element on structure and mechanical properties of SS400 steel were studied by metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile test and impact test. The results show that rare earth can refine microstructure of SS400 steel. Fracture is changed from cleavage to ductile fracture by adding RE to SS400 steel. And the mechanical properties of SS400 are improved. The impact toughness value of SS400 steel (containing 0.02 RE) increases by 39.66% at -40°C, and at 0°C the impact toughness value increases by 31.05%, respectively comparing with that of steel without RE.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU SINTERING DAN KOMPOSISI TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN MORFOLOGI KOMPOSIT ECENG GONDOK-PVC-LDPE

Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ◽

10.31942/inteka.v6i2.5505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Novi Laura Indrayani ◽

R Hengki Rahmanto ◽

Riri Sadiana

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Small Scale ◽

Sintering Time ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron

“Pemanfaatan material komposit pada saat ini semakin berkembang, seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan bahan tersebut yang semakin meluas mulai dari yang sederhana sampai sektor industri. Hal ini dikarenakan karakteristik material komposit mempunyai banyak kelebihan dibandingkan dengan jenis bahan lain yaitu ringan, kuat, tidak terpengaruh korosi dan mampu bersaing dengan logam, dengan tidak kehilangan karakteristik dan kekuatan mekanisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu sintering dan komposisi terhadap ketangguhan impak dan kekerasan komposit Eceng Gondok-PVC-LDPE. Bahan yang digunakan merupakan tanaman gulma dan limbah plastik. Proses pembuatan spesimen dilakukan dengan metode pressured sintering, yaitu dengan cara pembuatan serbuk, dan di screening 60 mesh. Selanjutnya serbuk di mixing dengan variasi komposisi perbandingan K1: EG 50%, PVC 10%, LDPE 40%; K2: EG 55%, PVC 10%, LDPE 35%; K3: EG 60%, PVC 10%, LDPE 30%; K4: EG 65%, PVC 10%, LDPE 25% dan K5: EG 70%, PVC 10%, LDPE 20% dan dikompaksi dengan tekanan 1,013 bar. Selanjutnya di sintering dengan temperatur 1800C. Pada penilitian ini variasi waktu sintering yaitu; 5 menit, 8 menit, 10 menit, 13 menit dan 15 menit. Sifat mekanik dilihat dari nilai kekerasan dan impak dengan menggunakan standar ISO 2039-1:2001, ISO 179-1:2010. Selain itu menganalisis morfologi dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pengujian untuk sifat kimia dilihat dengan analisis morfologi SEM. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sifat mekanik didapatkan nilai kekerasan tertinggi dimiliki oleh komposit K2 sebesar 22.30 MPa dan 2.1 kJ/m2 untuk nilai impak.” Kata kunci: eceng gondok, komposit, LDPE, pressured sintering, PVC. Abstract“The utilization of composite materials nowadays is currently growing, along with the increasing use of these materials, which are expanding ranging from the small scale to the industrial sector. This is because the characteristics of composite materials have many advantages compared to other types of materials i.e. light, strong, not affected by corrosion and able to compete with metals without losing their mechanical characteristics and strength. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in sintering time and it’s composition against impact toughness and hardness of the Water Hyacinth-PVC-LDPE composite. The materials used are weeds and plastic waste. The process of specimen fabrication was performed by using pressured sintering method, i.e. by making it into powder and were screening by using screen 60 mesh. Furthermore, the powder were mixed with the variation of the composition K1: EG 50%, PVC 10%, LDPE 40%; K2: EG 55%, PVC 10%, LDPE 35%; K3: EG 60%, PVC 10%, LDPE 30%; K4: EG 65%, PVC 10%, LDPE 25% dan K5: EG 70%, PVC 10%, LDPE 20% and compacted with a pressure of 1,1013 bar. After that is sintering with temperature 180oC. In this research the sintering time variations is 5 minute, 8 minute, 10 minute, 13 minute and 15 minute. Mechanical properties if were seen from the hardness and impact values by using a standard ISO 2039-1:2001, ISO 179-1:2010. In additions to analyze the morphology by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Tests for chemical properties can be seen with the morphological analysis of SEM. Based on the testing results, the mechanical properties obtained the highest hardness value owned by a composite K2 by 22.30 MPa and 2.1 kJ/m2 for the value of the impact.” Kata kunci:water hyacinth, composite, LDPE, pressured sintering, PVC.

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