NanoTags for Improved Cuttings Depth Correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-680
Author(s):  
Martin E. Poitzsch ◽  
◽  
S. Sherry Zhu ◽  
Marta Antoniv ◽  
Nouf M. Aljabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mud Logging

During a drilling operation, rock cuttings are often sampled off a shale shaker for lithology and petrophysical characterization. These analyses play an important role in describing the subsurface, and it is important that the depth origin of the cuttings be accurately determined. Traditionally, mud loggers determine the depth origin of the sampled cuttings by calculating the lag time required for the cuttings to travel from the bit to the surface. These calculations, however, can contain inaccuracies in the depth correlation due to the shuffling and settling of cuttings as they travel with drilling fluid to the surface, due to unplanned conditions like drilling an overgauge hole, and due to other unforeseen drilling events, especially critical in horizontal sections. We, therefore, aimed to remedy these inaccuracies by developing a series of styrene-based nanoparticles that tagged the cuttings as they were generated at the drill bit. These “NanoTags” were tested while drilling in Q4 2019, and the results indicated that the NanoTags did, in fact, have the potential to identify some systematic errors compared with traditional mud-logging calculations.

NANOTAGS FOR IMPROVED CUTTING DEPTH CORRELATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Poitzsch ◽  
◽  
S. Sherry Zhu ◽  
Marta Antoniv ◽  
Nouf M. Aljabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mud Logging

During a drilling operation, rock cuttings are often sampled off a shale shaker for lithology and petrophysical characterization. These analyses play an important role in describing the subsurface; and it is important that the depth origin of the cuttings be accurately determined. Traditionally, mud-loggers determine the depth origin of the sampled cuttings by calculating the lag time required for the cuttings to travel from the bit to the surface. These calculations, however, can contain inaccuracies in the depth correlation due to the shuffling and settling of cuttings as they travel with drilling fluid to the surface, due to unplanned conditions like drilling an overgauge hole, and due to other unforeseen drilling events, especially critical in horizontal sections. We therefore aimed to remedy these inaccuracies by developing a series of styrene-based nanoparticles that tagged the cuttings as they were generated at the drillbit. These “NanoTags” were tested while drilling in Q4, 2019; and the results indicated that the NanoTags did in fact have the potential to identify some systematic errors compared with traditional mud logging calculations.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Barite and Hematite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Mud

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osei H
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

High demand for oil and gas has led to exploration of more petroleum resources even at remote areas. The petroleum resources are found in deeper subsurface formations and drilling into such formations requires a well-designed drilling mud with suitable rheological properties in order to avoid or reduce associated drilling problems. This is because rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable effect on the drilling operation and cleaning of the wellbore. Mud engineers therefore use mud additives to influence the properties and functions of the drilling fluid to obtain the desired drilling mud properties especially rheological properties. This study investigated and compared the impact of barite and hematite as weighting agents for water-based drilling muds and their influence on the rheology. Water-based muds of different concentrations of weighting agents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total weight of the drilling mud) were prepared and their rheological properties determined at an ambient temperature of 24ᵒC to check their impact on drilling operation. The results found hematite to produce higher mud density, plastic viscosity, gel strength and yield point when compared to barite at the same weighting concentrations. The higher performance of the hematite-based muds might be attributed to it having higher specific gravity, better particle distribution and lower particle attrition rate and more importantly being free from contaminants. The water-based muds with hematite will therefore be more promising drilling muds with higher drilling and hole cleaning efficiency than those having barite.

NanoGram Detection of Drilling Fluids Additives for Uncertainty Reduction in Surface Logging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sherry Zhu ◽  
Marta Antoniv ◽  
Martin Poitzsch ◽  
Nouf Aljabri ◽  
Alberto Marsala
Keyword(s):  
Lag Time ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Logging While Drilling ◽  
Mud Logging ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Origin Assessment

Abstract Manual sampling rock cuttings off the shale shaker for lithology and petrophysical characterization is frequently performed during mud logging. Knowing the depth origin where the cuttings were generated is very important for correlating the cuttings to the petrophysical characterization of the formation. It is a challenge to accurately determine the depth origin of the cuttings, especially in horizontal sections and in coiled tubing drilling, where conventional logging while drilling is not accessible. Additionally, even in less challenging drilling conditions, many factors can contribute to an inaccurate assessment of the depth origin of the cuttings. Inaccuracies can be caused by variation of the annulus dimension used to determine the lag time (and thus the depth of the cuttings), by the shifting or scrambling of cuttings during their return trip back to the surface, and by the mislabelling of the cuttings during sampling. In this work, we report the synthesis and application of polystyrenic nanoparticles (NanoTags) in labeling cuttings for depth origin assessment. We have successfully tagged cuttings using two NanoTags during a drilling field test in a carbonate gas well and demonstrated nanogram detection capability of the tags via pyrolysis-GCMS using an internally developed workflow. The cuttings depth determined using our tags correlates well with the depth calculated by conventional mud logging techniques.

Case Studies for the Successful Deployment of Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe Indicator in Wells Real Time Centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meor M. Meor Hashim ◽  
M. Hazwan Yusoff ◽  
M. Faris Arriffin ◽  
Azlan Mohamad ◽  
Tengku Ezharuddin Tengku Bidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productive Time ◽  
Specific Challenge

Abstract The restriction or inability of the drill string to reciprocate or rotate while in the borehole is commonly known as a stuck pipe. This event is typically accompanied by constraints in drilling fluid flow, except for differential sticking. The stuck pipe can manifest based on three different mechanisms, i.e. pack-off, differential sticking, and wellbore geometry. Despite its infrequent occurrence, non-productive time (NPT) events have a massive cost impact. Nevertheless, stuck pipe incidents can be evaded with proper identification of its unique symptoms which allows an early intervention and remediation action. Over the decades, multiple analytical studies have been attempted to predict stuck pipe occurrences. The latest venture into this drilling operational challenge now utilizes Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in forecasting stuck pipe risk. An ML solution namely, Wells Augmented Stuck Pipe Indicator (WASP), is developed to tackle this specific challenge. The solution leverages on real-time drilling database and supplementary engineering design information to estimate proxy drilling parameters which provide active and impartial pattern recognition of prospective stuck pipe events. The solution is built to assist Wells Real Time Centre (WRTC) personnel in proactively providing a holistic perspective in anticipating potential anomalies and recommending remedial countermeasures before incidents happen. Several case studies are outlined to exhibit the impact of WASP in real-time drilling operation monitoring and intervention where WASP is capable to identify stuck pipe symptoms a few hours earlier and provide warnings for stuck pipe avoidance. The presented case studies were run on various live wells where restrictions are predicted stands ahead of the incidents. Warnings and alarms were generated, allowing further analysis by the personnel to verify and assess the situation before delivering a precautionary procedure to the rig site. The implementation of the WASP will reduce analysis time and provide timely prescriptive action in the proactive real-time drilling operation monitoring and intervention hub, subsequently creating value through cost containment and operational efficiency.

scholarly journals Experimental study on thermal, rheological and filtration control characteristics of drilling fluids: effect of nanoadditives

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Erfan Veisi ◽  
Mastaneh Hajipour ◽  
Ebrahim Biniaz Delijani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Based

Cooling the drill bit is one of the major functions of drilling fluids, especially in high temperature deep drilling operations. Designing stable drilling fluids with proper thermal properties is a great challenge. Identifying appropriate additives for the drilling fluid can mitigate drill-bit erosion or deformation caused by induced thermal stress. The unique advantages of nanoparticles may enhance thermal characteristics of drilling fluids. The impacts of nanoparticles on the specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, rheological, and filtration control characteristics of water‐based drilling fluids were experimentally investigated and compared in this study. Al2O3, CuO, and Cu nanoparticles were used to prepare the water-based drilling nanofluid samples with various concentrations, using the two-step method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were utilized to study the nanoparticle samples. The nanofluids stability and particle size distribution were, furthermore, examined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The experimental results indicated that thermal and rheological characteristics are enhanced in the presence of nanoparticles. The best enhancement in drilling fluid heat capacity and thermal conductivity was obtained as 15.6% and 12%, respectively by adding 0.9 wt% Cu nanoparticles. Furthermore, significant improvement was observed in the rheological characteristics such as the apparent and plastic viscosities, yield point, and gel strength of the drilling nanofluids compared to the base drilling fluid. Addition of nanoparticles resulted in reduced fluid loss and formation damage. The permeability of filter cakes decreased with increasing the nanoparticles concentration, but no significant effect in filter cake thickness was observed. The results reveal that the application of nanoparticles may reduce drill-bit replacement costs by improving the thermal and drilling fluid rheological characteristics and decrease the formation damage due to mud filtrate invasion.

scholarly journals Acid and Base Stress and Transcriptomic Responses in Bacillus subtilis

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Wilks ◽  
Ryan D. Kitko ◽  
Sarah H. Cleeton ◽  
Grace E. Lee ◽  
Chinagozi S. Ugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Luria Broth ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Time Required ◽  
External Ph

ABSTRACT Acid and base environmental stress responses were investigated in Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis AG174 cultures in buffered potassium-modified Luria broth were switched from pH 8.5 to pH 6.0 and recovered growth rapidly, whereas cultures switched from pH 6.0 to pH 8.5 showed a long lag time. Log-phase cultures at pH 6.0 survived 60 to 100% at pH 4.5, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 survived <15%. Cells grown at pH 9.0 survived 40 to 100% at pH 10, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 survived <5%. Thus, growth in a moderate acid or base induced adaptation to a more extreme acid or base, respectively. Expression indices from Affymetrix chip hybridization were obtained for 4,095 protein-encoding open reading frames of B. subtilis grown at external pH 6, pH 7, and pH 9. Growth at pH 6 upregulated acetoin production (alsDS), dehydrogenases (adhA, ald, fdhD, and gabD), and decarboxylases (psd and speA). Acid upregulated malate metabolism (maeN), metal export (czcDO and cadA), oxidative stress (catalase katA; OYE family namA), and the SigX extracytoplasmic stress regulon. Growth at pH 9 upregulated arginine catabolism (roc), which generates organic acids, glutamate synthase (gltAB), polyamine acetylation and transport (blt), the K+/H+ antiporter (yhaTU), and cytochrome oxidoreductases (cyd, ctaACE, and qcrC). The SigH, SigL, and SigW regulons were upregulated at high pH. Overall, greater genetic adaptation was seen at pH 9 than at pH 6, which may explain the lag time required for growth shift to high pH. Low external pH favored dehydrogenases and decarboxylases that may consume acids and generate basic amines, whereas high external pH favored catabolism-generating acids.

Practice of Fuzzy-Ball Drilling Fluid Technology in Qinping CBM Well 12-11-3H with Six Branch Holes

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bang Cui ◽  
Ji Hong Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhong Zhu ◽  
Bi Wu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
High Rank ◽  
Drilling Rate ◽  
Qinshui Basin ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Place Of Falling

The 3# high rank coal in Qinshui basin frequently takes place of falling block, sloughing hole, leaking and pipe-stuck during drilling operation. The third open of 12-11-3H well in Qinping is consist of 2 main-branch and 6 sub-branch, using fuzzy-ball drilling fluid for 3 days accomplishing a footage of 4 189.49m. In order to adjust performance of drilling fluid, mix 4 fuzzy-ball drilling fluid additives SDS, SDBS, HES PAM together according to different well condition. The density of this drilling fluid is from 0.96 to 1.08g/cm3. The plastic viscosity of it is from 7 to 17mPa.s, the yield value is from 4.0 to 10.22Pa. After using this fuzzy-ball drilling fluid, the drilling rate has increase to 95%, completing the geological demand with an average drilling rate of 12.65m/h. Compared with adjacent well, the drilling rate has been raised 11.55% with no serious falling block, sloughing or leaking in whole well. However the solid control equipments still need to be strengthened for further improving drilling rate and economic benefits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document