scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Barite and Hematite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Mud

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osei H
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

High demand for oil and gas has led to exploration of more petroleum resources even at remote areas. The petroleum resources are found in deeper subsurface formations and drilling into such formations requires a well-designed drilling mud with suitable rheological properties in order to avoid or reduce associated drilling problems. This is because rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable effect on the drilling operation and cleaning of the wellbore. Mud engineers therefore use mud additives to influence the properties and functions of the drilling fluid to obtain the desired drilling mud properties especially rheological properties. This study investigated and compared the impact of barite and hematite as weighting agents for water-based drilling muds and their influence on the rheology. Water-based muds of different concentrations of weighting agents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total weight of the drilling mud) were prepared and their rheological properties determined at an ambient temperature of 24ᵒC to check their impact on drilling operation. The results found hematite to produce higher mud density, plastic viscosity, gel strength and yield point when compared to barite at the same weighting concentrations. The higher performance of the hematite-based muds might be attributed to it having higher specific gravity, better particle distribution and lower particle attrition rate and more importantly being free from contaminants. The water-based muds with hematite will therefore be more promising drilling muds with higher drilling and hole cleaning efficiency than those having barite.

Stabilization of Drilling Fluid Waste with Fly Ash

1986 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Deeley ◽  
Larry W. Canter ◽  
Joakim G. Laguros
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Fly Ash ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Drilling Muds

Water based drilling muds typically contain clays, barite, lime, caustic soda and other chemicals, such as polymers. Land disposal of these wastes raises the possibility of groundwater pollution which can be abated if the waste is stabilized either by chemical reaction or by solidification through some form of cementation. Many ASTM high-calcium (Class C) fly ashes are cementitious and thus may be useful in stabilization of drilling mud. The basic idea is to stabilize the clay-containing muds using the model of soil and roadbed stabilization with high-calcium fly ash [1]. Fly ash that is not utilized is considered to be a solid waste, so this application would would actually constitute codisposal of two wastes.

Experimental Study of Drilled Cuttings Transport Using Common Drilling Muds

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed M. Hussaini ◽  
Jamal J. Azar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Drilling Muds

Abstract Experiments are conducted with actual drilling muds to study the behavior of drilled cuttings in a vertical annulus. The effect of parameters such as particle size, flow rate, apparent viscosity, and yield point to plastic viscosity ratio on mud-carrying capacity are studied. The applicability of a semiempirical transport model developed by Zeidler also is investigated. It has been shown that in vertical annuluses, the fluid annular velocity has a major effect on the carrying capacity of muds, while the other parameters have an effect only at low to medium fluid annular velocities. We also conclude that Zeidler's semiempirical formulations for the prediction of drilled cuttings behavior are valid with certain limitations. Introduction One of the most important functions of a drilling fluid is to transpose the drilled particles (cuttings) generated by the drill bit to the surface through the wellbore annulus. This commonly is called the "carrying capacity" of drilling mud. Factors affecting the ability of drilling muds to lift cuttings arefluid rheological properties and flow rate,particle settling velocities,particle size and size distribution, geometry, orientation, and concentration,penetration rate of drill bits,rotary speed of drillstring,fluid density.annulus inclination, anddrillpipe position in the wellbore (eccentricity) and axially varying flow geometry. With the advent of deeper drilling and better bit designs, the demand for expending most of the energy at the bit has made it necessary to minimize the pressure losses in the annulus. These pressure losses depend on the fluid velocity, fluid density, and particle concentration. By control of these factors, pressure losses can be minimized. The particle slip velocity is an important factor and is defined as the velocity at which a particle tends to settle in a fluid because of is own weight. The velocity depends on the particle size, its geometry, its specific weight, and fluid rheological properties. The carrying capacity of muds also is affected by the velocity profile in the annulus. With all these variables acting simultaneously, the determination of carrying capacity of a mud becomes a complicated problem. An optimal drilling fluid is expected to lift the cuttings from the wellbore, suspend them when circulation is stopped, and drop them at the surface. Failure to achieve this performance often leads to problems that are costly and performance often leads to problems that are costly and time-consuming to solve. To avoid such problems, the previously mentioned parameters are to be considered in previously mentioned parameters are to be considered in the design of an optimal drilling fluid. Previous Investigations Previous Investigations SPEJ P. 11

scholarly journals A Combined Barite–Ilmenite Weighting Material to Prevent Barite Sag in Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Basfar ◽  
Abdelmjeed Mohamed ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Majed
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Barite sag is a serious problem encountered while drilling high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) wells. It occurs when barite particles separate from the base fluid leading to variations in drilling fluid density that may cause a serious well control issue. However, it occurs in vertical and inclined wells under both static and dynamic conditions. This study introduces a combined barite–ilmenite weighting material to prevent the barite sag problem in water-based drilling fluid. Different drilling fluid samples were prepared by adding different percentages of ilmenite (25, 50, and 75 wt.% from the total weight of the weighting agent) to the base drilling fluid (barite-weighted). Sag tendency of the drilling fluid samples was evaluated under static and dynamic conditions to determine the optimum concentration of ilmenite which was required to prevent the sag issue. A static sag test was conducted under both vertical and inclined conditions. The effect of adding ilmenite to the drilling fluid was evaluated by measuring fluid density and pH at room temperature, and rheological properties at 120 °F and 250 °F. Moreover, a filtration test was performed at 250 °F to study the impact of adding ilmenite on the drilling fluid filtration performance and sealing properties of the formed filter cake. The results of this study showed that adding ilmenite to barite-weighted drilling fluid increased fluid density and slightly reduced the pH within the acceptable pH range (9–11). Ilmenite maintained the rheology of the drilling fluid with a minimal drop in rheological properties due to the HPHT conditions, while a significant drop was observed for the base fluid (without ilmenite). Adding ilmenite to the base drilling fluid significantly reduced sag factor and 50 wt.% ilmenite was adequate to prevent solids sag in both dynamic and static conditions with sag factors of 0.33 and 0.51, respectively. Moreover, HPHT filtration results showed that adding ilmenite had no impact on filtration performance of the drilling fluid. The findings of this study show that the combined barite–ilmenite weighting material can be a good solution to prevent solids sag issues in water-based fluids; thus, drilling HPHT wells with such fluids would be safe and effective.

scholarly journals Impact of organophilic clay on rheological properties of gasoil-based drilling muds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3533-3540
Author(s):  
Cheikh Bergane ◽  
Larbi Hammadi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Casson Model ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this study, the impact of VG69 organophilic clay on the rheological properties of gasoil-based drilling muds (invert emulsions) was investigated. The flow curves of gasoil-based drilling muds as a function of the dose of VG69 organophilic clay were analyzed by the Casson model. The addition of VG69 organophilic clay with a quantity range between 0 and 5 g in gasoil-based drilling muds induces an increase in the yield stress and the viscosity at an infinite shear rate of drilling muds. It is also proven that the addition of VG69 organophilic clay leads to an increase in the viscoelastic and thixotropic properties of the drilling muds. The study of the stability of gasoil-based drilling muds by centrifugation showed that for a quantity of VG69 organophilic clay lower than 3 g, the stability of the drilling muds increases and for a quantity of VG69 organophilic clay higher than 3 g, their stability decreases. The results obtained showed that the addition of 3 g of VG69 organophilic clay to the gasoil-based drilling mud increased the yield stress by 230%, the viscosity at an infinite shear rate by 3.4% and it improved the mud stability by 70%.

scholarly journals Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelet and Silver Nanoparticle on the Rheological Properties of WaterBased Mud †

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazlina Husin ◽  
Khaled Abdalla Elraies ◽  
Hyoung Jin Choi ◽  
Zachary Aman
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Water Based

Water-based mud is known as an environmental-friendly drilling fluid system. The formulation of water-based mud is designed to have specific rheological properties under specific oil field conditions. In this study, graphene nanoplatelet and silver nanoparticle (nanosilver) were added to a water-based mud formulation in which they act as drilling mud additives. Rheological properties measurements and filtration tests were conducted for evaluating the influence of the added nanoparticles. The results showed that the graphene nanoplatelet and the nanosilver increased the plastic viscosity (PV) by up to 89.2% and 64.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, both the yield point (YP) and the fluid loss values were reduced. In addition, we believe this is the first result ever report where nanosilver is utilized for enhancing-enhanced water-based mud’s performance.

scholarly journals Influence of Common Weighing Agents on Rheological Behaviour of Drilling Mud

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9720-9722
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based

Drilling fluid or mud is essential fluid in drilling operation which has many important properties and one of the important properties is the viscosity of the drilling fluid and the viscosity is further classified as yield viscosity and plastic viscosity which means different in terms of its function. This paper is attempting to show the rheological characteristics of the different samples of the drilling fluid using Xanthan Gum and Physillum husk and different weighting agents Barite and Calcium Carbonate at ambient conditions. The results showed that xanthan gum acts as good viscosifying agent as compared with physillum husk. In addition that, the water based drilling mud with barite which act as weighing agent proved better as compared with calcium carbonate. The following paper will be valuable to the graduates, future graduates and also to the Industry personnel have a basic idea about the rheology and how the parameters related to the rheology are valuable in mud design.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SYNTHETIC-BASED DRILLING MUD DISCHARGES TO BASS STRAIT, AUSTRALIA

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
G.W. Terrens ◽  
D. Gwyther ◽  
M.J. Keough
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Impact

Esso Australia Ltd. (Esso) on behalf of the Esso/BHP joint venture undertakes exploration and development drilling activities to produce oil and gas from the Gippsland Basin in eastern Bass Strait. As part of the environmental management of the operation, a field monitoring program was undertaken to verify the predicted limited effect on the seabed of the discharge of residual synthetic based mud (SBM) adhered to drill cuttings.Reservoir studies of the mature Fortescue oil field identified scope to more efficiently deplete existing reserves as well as develop undrained oil pools within the known reservoir system. As such, 18 additional wells were drilled from the Fortescue platform in 1994-1996 following the original development drilling program when 21 wells were drilled in 1983-1985.Esso's standard drilling fluid in Bass Strait is an environmentally acceptable water based mud (WBM). However, due to the high frictional forces involved the greater lubricating properties of a non-water based drilling mud were required to drill the long reach, high angle sections of seven of the additional wells. The ester SBM was chosen on the basis of its lubricity and biodegradability, to reduce any potential environmental effects from the persistence of non-water based mud in seabed sediments.A seabed monitoring program was undertaken around the Fortescue platform by taking seabed samples from August 1995 to August 1997 at sites along a transect following the predominant ocean current and at control sites, before, during and after the period in which SBM cuttings were discharged. The seabed sediments were measured for esters, barium, biological changes and grain size. Results show clearly the increase in esters concentration in sediments during drilling, then the rapid decrease after completion of cuttings discharge. After a recovery period of 11 months from completion of SBM drilling, SBM esters were not detected in sediments. Sediment barium concentration was also found to be elevated, but only after SBM had been used, indicating greater dispersion of WBM than the more cohesive SBM. The barium concentrations found generally do not have measurable effects on biota. The impact on the sediment biology was found to be limited to the sampling site 100 m from the platform discharge point with recovery evident within four months of completion of drilling.Mechanisms for recovery of the minimal zone of effect are thought to be a combination of the biodegradation of the ester SBM used and the physical seabed dispersion process evident in eastern Bass Strait generated by the continuous series of storms which pass through especially in winter.

Complications in the drilling of wells projected to VIII horizon of Bulla-deniz field and the measures towards their elimination

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
R.M. Zeinalov ◽  
◽  
E.A. Kazimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Clay Rock ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Drilling Muds

The paper reviews the main reasons for the failures and complications with further specific recommendations for completing the well to the project depth in Bulla-deniz field. The practicability of the application of water-based drilling muds characterized with the wall-plastering and managed structural-rheological properties instead of the hydrocarbon-based drilling mud to the 2700 m. It is recommended to use hydrocarbon-based drilling mud only in the revelation of production horizon via drilling. Regardless of the drilling mud’s type and properties, the time of the tool remaining stationary while drilling and round trip operations should not exceed 3-5 minutes. In order to avoid the loss of the drilling mud into the formation, the casing of production string in consolidated clay rock is recommended.

Modified Corn Starch as an Environmentally Friendly Rheology Enhancer and Fluid Loss Reducer for Water-Based Drilling Mud

SPE Journal ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Emanuel Ricky ◽  
Musa Mpelwa ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Bahati Hamad ◽  
Xingguang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based

Summary Drilling fluid rheology and fluid loss property are fundamental parameters that dictate the effectiveness and easiness of a drilling operation. Maintaining these parameters under high temperatures is technically challenging and has been an exciting research area for the drilling industry. Nonetheless, the use of drilling mud additives, particularly synthetic polymers, threaten ecological environments. Herein, modified corn starch (MCS) was synthesized, characterized, and investigated as an environmentally friendly rheology enhancer and filtration loss controlling agent for water-based mud (WBM) at high temperatures. The experimental results indicated that MCS exhibits better performance in improving rheological properties and fluid loss controlling ability for WBM than the commonly used mud additives. With the addition of an optimal concentration (0.3 wt%), MCS improved the rheology and fluid loss behavior of WBM formulation at harsh aging temperature (220°C) by practically 4 times and 1.7 times, respectively. The MCS was revealed to perform superbly over polyanionic cellulose (PAC) addition at all investigated temperatures. The better performance of the MCS was ascribed to the improved entanglements in the mud system owing to the additional hydroxyl (OH) groups. Besides, the Herschel-Bulkley model was found to be a constitutive model that described the rheological properties of the investigated muds satisfactorily. Moreover, the MCS was found to exhibit acceptable biodegradability properties.

Designing Drilling Fluids to Combat Circulation Losses for Arctic Environments

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Belayneh ◽  
Bernt S. Aadnøy
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Fracture Sealing ◽  
Productive Time

Drilling fluid plays a key role in an efficient drilling operation to minimize problems such as wellbore collapse, circulation losses and stuck pipe. Well instability problems are costly as they increase the non-productive time and the overall budget (1) (2). Well instability problems controlled by designing appropriate mud density and fluid properties that controls the well. The fracture sealing ability of a drilling fluid is one very important of the drilling mud. This paper presents design of water-based drilling fluids and results from laboratory experiments to quantify the loss circulation performance of drilling fluids. Because it is preferable to use oil-based muds in some well sections, the paper will also include a recent study on how to minimize losses when using oil based muds. Here uses of micro/nanoparticles have shown to reduce filtrate losses and to build barriers that are more efficient during circulation loss events. All the tests presented are at low temperature, which is suitable for Artic environments.

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