scholarly journals Investigation of corrosion rate of X55CrMo14 stainless steel at 65% nitrate acid at 348 K

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Tomasz Lipiński

Abstract A number of factors determine the mechanical, but also physical and chemical properties. One of the most important are the steel microstructure and its working conditions. A few corrosion processes in crevices and awkward corners can be avoided at the design stage (low roughness parameters, round-section and other). But still the construction material is exposed to corrosion. These steels often come into contact with an aggressive environment based on nitric acid. Stainless steel is more and more often used in many sectors of industry. The purpose of this article is to investigate corrosion resistance in different time (48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336, 384 and 432 hours) using weight loss and profile roughness parameters of martensitic steel in grade X55CrMo14 in nitric acid 65% pure-basic at temperature 348 K. Corrosion tests show that the tested steel in nitric acid as a corrosive environments is characterized through continuous corrosion process whose measure may be surface roughness.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-432
Author(s):  
Tomasz Lipiński ◽  
Dariusz Karpisz

Abstract Austenitic stainless steels are often used for a materials in the construction of machines and equipment for agricultural and for industrial construction. One of the most important factors constructional material is corrosion resistance. Equipment with austenitic stainless steel can be easy join by quickly welding at a not to high construction price, but one with the serious problem in aggressive environment is their corrosion resistance. A few corrosion processes in crevices and awkward corners can be avoided at the design stage (low roughness parameters, round-section and other). But still the construction material is exposed to corrosion. These steels often come into contact with an aggressive environment based on nitric acid. The main aim of this research is to investigate corrosion resistance in different time (48, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, 336 hours). For this used weight loss of test samples and its profile roughness. The research was conducted on austenitic stainless steel in grade in Nitrate acid at 333 K. Corrosion tests confirmed that the research this steel in 65% nitrate acid as a corrosive environments is characterized through proportionate to time corrosion process whose measure may be surface roughness. In industrial practice roughness parameters for all the research times can be used for determine the stage and size of steel corrosion.


Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Julia Rosales ◽  
Francisco Agrela ◽  
José Antonio Entrenas ◽  
Manuel Cabrera

The volume of slags generated from the steel industry is a source of possible resources which is constantly increasing. Specifically, in the production of stainless steel, specific and singular slags with unique characteristics are obtained, which allows considering an approach aimed at their use in new recycling ways. This work shows the feasibility of using stainless steel slag as a substitute for limestone filler in the manufacture of self-compacting concrete. The influence of different treatments applied to slags on physical and chemical properties was studied. On the other hand, the mechanical behaviour, as well as the durability acquired in self-compacting concrete, has been analysed. Very encouraging results were obtained, since this research demonstrates the possible application of this stainless steel slag as a construction material, improving sustainability and promoting circular economy processes, which are achieved through the minimisation of the waste disposal and accumulation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 2416-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lei ◽  
Lun Li

Mostly used in packing and outdoor facilities in the early stage, wood-plastic composites are gradually applied to other design sectors thanks to their advantageous features including cost efficiency, environmental protection, recyclability as well as being easy to be processed and fabricated. The application of this kind of green and new material in the exhibition design sector will be beneficial to developing the standardized structure and rapid fabrication in the exhibition design to save the project construction material costs and shorten erection time. In this article, the feasibility and ecological significance of using wood-plastic composites in the exhibition sector are explored from the aspects of the physical and chemical properties of the wood-plastic composites as well as their processing methods.


2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CHEN ◽  
J. GAO

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) has been a candidate prosthetic coating due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, and biocompatibility. However, the adhesion to a number of prosthetic materials is still an issue. Different techniques have been used to improve the adhesion of DLC on various substrates. In this paper, we report the fabrication of an adherent DLC coating on commercial 316 stainless steel by using pulsed laser deposition and a composition-graded intermediate layer. Intermediate layers with graded composition from stainless steel to DLC were obtained by designing an inlaid target. Raman spectrum analysis indicated that the grown DLC films are rich in sp3 bonds. The adhesion of the coatings as well as other properties of the intermediate layers are also discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati ◽  
Irwansyah Irwansyah ◽  
Nuzuli Fitriadi

Marble is a metamorphic rock that is widely distributed in the Earth�s continental layer. Regarding its antiquity and aesthetic appeal, it has been widely used as a construction material such as flooring tiles in buildings and monument. Physical and chemical properties of natural stones play an important role on deciding their application area as a building stone. This study reports the physicochemical analysis of marble stones from the Gunung Kerambil (GK), Alur Kering (AK) and Meukek (M) area in South Aceh District. Density, water absorption and chemical analyses of the marble samples were determined. Physical properties of samples were determined through laboratory measurements. Chemical characterizations were made using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) method. Based on,water absorption test results, the marbles from South Aceh are applicable for tile application.


Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev

The slate aggregate has long been perceived as a substandard, low quality waste material with its physical and chemical properties not being competitive with those of the primary aggregates. It is assumed that the slate aggregate particles are not strong, that is not durable and will not compact. This research aims to address those claims and review the available literature on the performance of the slate aggregate. The review inaugurates by analysing the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of slate, before expanding into a literature review of laboratory testing’s on the effect of moisture content on density, compaction and layer thickness of slate aggregate.The paper reviews case studies of construction projects in North Wales, where the slate aggregate has been used for general fill and road building for many years. Some of the case studies include the A55 coastal road and duelling of the A5 in Anglesey (WRAP, 2004), where slate aggregate was successfully used as sub-base. The paper also investigates why many civil engineers are reluctant to use the slate aggregate and regard the material as sub-standard, flaky aggregate. The research paper reviews the potential usages and various products the slate aggregate is suitable for and satisfies the requested standards. The final topic reviewed is the cost of transporting slate aggregate compared with the cost of transport for primary aggregate and the introduction of the Primary Aggregates Tax (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 2011). The last topic includes a critical analyses of the claims that the slate aggregate a commercially viable construction material despite its remote location (Woodward et al, 2004). The transportation cost and the supply chain complexities must be evaluated prior to considering the long-term sustainability of the product (Radanliev et al1-6, 2014, 2015, 2016).


2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martín Freire-Lista ◽  
Rafael Fort

The Piedra Berroqueña region in the Guadarrama Mountains, part of Spain’s Central Range, supplies most of the construction granite used in Madrid and surrounding provinces. The region’s quarrying towns preserve their granite extraction and hewing traditions. Historic quarries form part of the landscape, as do current extraction sites with huge reserves that guarantee a speedy supply of variously finished dimension stone. Piedra Berroqueña granite has been in use as a construction material since long before Roman times. Many important monuments, including San Lorenzo Royal Monastery at El Escorial (1563−1584), Madrid’s Royal Palace (1738−1764), the Alcalá Gate (1770−1778), the Prado Museum (1785−1808) and Puerta del Sol (one of Madrid’s main squares), owe their good state of preservation to the stone’s petrophysical characteristics and durability. The granite is also found in most of the city’s housing and streets, as well as in modern buildings the world over, such as the airport terminals at Athens and Cork, and the British consulate at Hong Kong.   Four major types of monzogranite occur including: biotitic monzogranites containing some cordierite, biotitic monzogranites containing some amphibole, biotitic monzogranites having no cordierite or amphibole, and leucogranites. The petrological, petrophysical and chemical properties of Piedra Berroqueña, which afford it great durability, vary little from one variety to another and depend on the degree of alteration. Physical and chemical characteristics were determined for five granites representative of historic or active quarries in the Piedra Berroqueña region: Alpedrete (monzogranite containing cordierite); Cadalso de los Vidrios (leucogranite); La Cabrera (monzogranite containing amphibole); Colmenar Viejo (monzogranites containing cordierite) and Zarzalejo (monzogranites having no cordierite or amphibole).    The Piedra Berroqueña region meets the requirements of a Global Heritage Stone Province, and this paper supports the Piedra Berroqueña region's application for recognition as such. This distinction would enhance public awareness of an area committed to quarrying and working the local stone.RÉSUMÉLa région de Piedra Berroqueña dans les monts de Guadarrama, qui fait partie de la chaine centrale d'Espagne, est la principale source du granite de construction utilisé à Madrid et dans les provinces environnantes. Les agglomérations de la région qui exploitent une carrière conservent leur tradition d’extraction et de taille du granite. Les anciennes carrières font maintenant partie du paysage, comme les sites d'extraction actuels avec d'énormes réserves ce qui garantit un approvisionnement rapide en pierre de taille de fini varié. Le granite de Piedra Berroqueña a été utilisé comme matériau de construction bien avant l'époque romaine. De nombreux monuments importants, y compris le monastère royal de San Lorenzo à l'Escurial (1563–1584), le palais royal de Madrid (1738–1764), la porte d'Alcalá (1770–1778), le musée du Prado (1785–1808) et la Puerta del Sol (une des principales places de Madrid), doivent leur bon état de conservation aux caractéristiques pétrophysiques et à la durabilité de la pierre. Ce granite se retrouve également dans la plupart des habitations et des rues de la ville, ainsi que dans des bâtiments modernes du monde entier, tels que les terminaux de l'aéroport d'Athènes et de Cork, et le consulat britannique à Hong Kong.   Il est constitué de quatre grandes classes de monzogranite : des monzogranites à biotite contenant un peu de cordiérite, des monzogranites à biotite contenant un peu d’amphibole, des monzogranites à biotite ne contenant ni cordiérite ni amphibole, et les leucogranites. Les propriétés pétrographiques, pétrophysiques et chimiques des granites de Piedra Berroqueña qui leur assurent une grande durabilité, varient peu d'une variété à l'autre et dépendent du degré d'altération. Les caractéristiques physiques et chimiques ont été déterminées sur cinq granites représentatifs des carrières historiques et actives de la région de Piedra Berroqueña : Alpedrete (monzogranite à cordiérite); Cadalso de los Vidrios (leucogranite); La Cabrera (monzogranite à amphibole); Colmenar Viejo (monzogranite à cordiérite); et Zarzalejo (monzogranite sans cordiérite ni amphibole).   La région Piedra Berroqueña répond aux critères d'une Province pétrologique du patrimoine mondial, et le présent article documente la candidature de la région de Piedra Berroqueña à cet effet. Cette distinction permettrait d'améliorer la sensibilisation du public concernant une région spécialisée dans l’extraction et à la taille de la pierre locale.                                                      Traduit par le Traducteur


2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Akin Oluwasola ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz

Presently, the rate of utilization of steel slag in Malaysia is rather too low compared to some advanced countries. Many studies focused on the better way to increase the usage of industrial by-products in order to ease disposal problems. Enormous quantities of steel slag were deposited in yards, causing environmental pollution. Like other metallurgical slags, steel slags exhibit a great potential to be used as aggregate in highway construction. The assessment and evaluation of this material should be based on environmental, economic and technical factors before it can be used in road construction. In terms of technical perspective, steel slags must met the required test requirements that are needed for natural aggregates used for similar purposes. The degree of slag utilization needs to be improved as an important measure to these problems. The physical and chemical properties of slag were reviewed and the various areas of its applications are highlighted. The principal setback of its use; volumetric instability which results from hydratable oxides can be checkmated through appropriate methods like aging and steam test. In order to sustain its uses, microstructure analysis that can identify any harmful materials present in it is suggested. There is also an urgent need of standard methods to assess its suitability as highway construction material.


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