scholarly journals Dinamiche insediative delle élites nell’Antico Elladico II

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Ballan
Keyword(s):  
Social Complexity ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Written Sources

To describe relationships between elites in Prehistory is a difficult task, for the available data are scanty. Without written sources, what we know about the growth of elite groups and their settlement choices depends exclusively on archaeological evidences. As for the Early Helladic period, it is possible to identify a gradually increasing social complexity, which resembles the ‘chiefdom-type’ model. At the same time some archaeological clues allow us to recognise the presence of distinct élite groups: e.g. the monumental elements displayed by the Building BG and the House of Tiles in Lerna, the Rundbau at Tiryns, the Weisses Haus at Kolonna, the Fortified Building at Thebes, two megara at Akovitika, and the House of Pithoi at Zygouries. The growth as well as the discontinuity of these protopalatial sites can easily be followed through the archaeological evidence: not only in Lerna and the Argolid, but also in the surrounding area.

scholarly journals Hide and Seek. Roads, Lookouts and Directional Visibility Cones in Central Anatolia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Turchetto ◽  
Giuseppe Salemi
Keyword(s):  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
Central Turkey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractIn Cappadocia (central Turkey), routes that were only of a secondary importance during the Roman age acquired a new relevance starting from the end of the 7th century. In this framework, to what extent did the archaeological evidence match the picture recalled by the written sources? To address this question, the relationship between movement and visibility was considered and view shed analyses were conducted from targeted and strategic spots set along the routes considered. This allowed to better understand the role and the different functions of those axes crossing Cappadocia, and to evaluate the Byzantine/Arab military strategies in central Anatolia.

Trapezus in the Crimea: A Re-examination of the Sources*

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Pantelis Charalampakis
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Taman Peninsula ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Written Sources

Abstract The author examines the question of the place name Trapezus recorded by ancient sources as being located north of the Black Sea. This toponym indicates a mountain which bears no relation to the Pontic city of Trapezus. According to the written sources only, this place name cannot be identified. On the contrary, as suggested by archaeological evidence and the testimony of Procopius about the Goths Trapezitae, the predominant opinion of Chatÿr Dag appears to provide the most satisfactory solution for the identification of Mount Trapezus. This mountain was never known as Hermonassa and is not related to the Taman peninsula.

Christian burials with vessels in Moscow State: to the status of the issue

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Konstantin I. Panchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Funeral Ritual ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The Status ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Burial Rite

The article considers Christian burials with vessels of the late 14th – mid-17th centuries. During this period, burial vessels became an important part of the funeral rite of Muscovy. The volume of material sufficient for statistical processing made it possible to reveal the most characteristic features of the funeral ritual with a vessel in the grave. The following signs were selected for study: areas where such burials occur, persons who were buried this way the locations in which a vessel was placed in the grave. Archaeological evidence has confirmed the emergence of this burial tradition primarily in Moscow and the surrounding area. This burial rite was more common in monasteries and elite necropolises. Vessel was not a required object. They are more often found in male burials than in female ones. The results of the study indicate that in performing the funeral ritual people tried to adhere to a certain single tradition while clear canonical rules were lacking. Thus, it was the priest conducting the ceremony who decided whom with and where to place a vessel in the grave.

Assembly Research: Past and Present

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sanmark
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The People ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Assembly Site ◽  
Written Sources

This chapter sets out the aims of the book and examines the three main themes of landscape, time and memory and how they relate to Norse assembly sites. The importance of the recent developments in landscape archaeology as well as earlier thing site research for the results of this study is explained. Based on this work, a new interdisciplinary research methodology, drawingon archaeological evidence, written sources and place-names, has been developed.Through this approach, the meaning and use of thingsites across the Norse world is explored. This book therefore moves beyond assembly site descriptions and analyses and also investigates the activities enacted at the assemblies, and how these were experienced by the people gathered. Other significant themes includeexplanations of chronology and the terminology used.

Reconstructing the Serapeum in Alexandria from the Archaeological Evidence

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 73-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. McKenzie ◽  
Sheila Gibson ◽  
A. T. Reyes ◽  
Günter Grimm ◽  
Judith S. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
World War ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Written Sources

The Serapeum or Sarapeion, which contained the Temple of Serapis, was Alexandria's most important sanctuary, and one of the most famous pagan sanctuaries of antiquity. It was also the centre of a cult which spread widely across the Mediterranean in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Although the excavation of the Serapeum was completed half a century ago, the archaeological evidence for its form and phases has never been fully collected and analysed. When the records of the remains uncovered in c. 1900 are combined with those of the excavations during World War II, analysis of them reveals that there is sufficient evidence from which to suggest reliable reconstructions of both the Ptolemaic and Roman phases of the complex and to clarify its chronology. The archaeological evidence also elucidates the information in the written sources about the conversion of the site to Christian use after the destruction of the temple in A.D. 391. Previously unpublished architectural fragments excavated at the site in c. 1900 suggest that the architecture of the Ptolemaic sanctuary was ‘classical’ (Greek) not Egyptian in style (see Appendix).

scholarly journals Promišljanja o identitetu, etnicitetu i "helenizaciji" predrimske Liburnije

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Charles Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Written Sources

It is widely accepted that the Liburni, at some point in the Iron Age, ruled over much of the Adriatic. Professor Slobodan Čače was the first scholar to truly challenge these narratives through a critique of the written sources. The aim of this paper is to build upon the work of Čače in seeking to rethink identities in pre-Roman Liburnia through analysis of ancient literary sources. It also takes a multidisciplinary approach, and seeks to address ideas about identity and cultural change through material culture. A re-examination is undertaken into Liburnian identity through archaeological evidence, and the transformations it apparently went through during the Iron Age, focusing on ideas about ethno-cultural identities and ‘Hellenization’ in interpretations of developments in Liburnia during the last 4 centuries BCE.

scholarly journals Stadens Ureenlighed

Kulturstudier ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Lena Andersen
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
The North ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
A Site ◽  
To Receive ◽  
New System ◽  
Written Sources

<p><strong>The uncleanliness of landfill culture in 18th-century Copenhagen</strong></p> <p>After the discovery of an 18th-century landfill that contained a diversity of well-preserved objects discarded by Copenhageners, about 30 archaeological surveys have since been conducted at a site in the north-central part of the city. This coastal district, called Frederiksstaden, is now known for its prominent mansions and the home of the Danish royal family, but its function as a landfill is rarely mentioned as a phenomenon in stories about the area. From studying the excavated items, this article seeks to explore how they reflect the trash culture during Copenhagen’s Age of Absolutism, as well as to describe the landfill’s appearance and when the need for it arose.</p> <p>Using the archaeological source material as a base, the study also examined geotechnical, written, cartographic, iconographic and natural-scientific sources in order to achieve a more nuanced understanding of the landfill and to reflect on how the different sources relate to each other. This article argues that getting citizens to adapt to the new system of trash management was a long and challenging process; e.g., according to written sources, the landfill was only supposed to receive household garbage and sweepings from the city’s streets, but the archaeological evidence shows that human waste from latrines was also disposed of there. Other trash items found in the landfill exhibit signs of extensive reuse before having been discarded, which supports statements from other sources.</p> <p>The most obvious sources for information about the appearance of the landfill – specifically, 18th-century cartography and art – proved not to be worthwhile. Instead, archaeological evidence and written sources provided a better image of the swampy conditions that caused the terrain to even out over time – a process that began in this area during the second half of the 17th century. The need for a centrally-controlled framework to manage garbage seems to be connected to the development of a permanent settlement, the new system of matriculation, an emphasis on ownership and overall population growth, which included the fear and nuisance of disease. This resulted in using a coastal area as a landfill – an area where aristocratic mansions were also built during Copenhagen’s Age of Absolutism.</p>

scholarly journals Παρατηρήσεις στη χρήση των υστερορωμαϊκών πήλινων ενσφράγιστων "ιγδίων": η περίπτωση των ιγδίων από τη Βόρειο Συρία

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Αναστασία Γ. ΓΙΑΓΚΑΚΗ
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Fabric Production ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Late Roman

OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF LATE ROMAN IMPRESSED CLAY MORTARS: THE CASE OF “NORTH-SYRIAN MORTARIA” Mortars made of clay were largely diffused and used during the Roman Empire. This article focuses on a specific category of clay mortars, identified by their region of manufacture as “North-Syrian Mortaria”. This category, dated to the end of the 3rd and to the first half of the 4th century A.D., was largely diffused in the eastern Mediterranean. This study, after presenting the main characteristics of these mortars (shape, decoration, fabric, production centers, dating, distribution), addresses questions regarding their use. Traditionally, roman mortars were used in order to process (pound, pulverize, grind, mix) either solid or liquid/fluid products related to sustenance. Written sources as well as archaeological evidence support these uses. However, this study attempts to point out that they could also have a more specialised use, connected to the requirements of specific, well-organized workshops. This could be the case of the “North-Syrian Mortaria”. Regardless of the limited data concerning the exact archaeological context in which this type of mortar is found, the case-studies of mortars of this category found in Jalame, in ancient Messene and Olympia support this opinion.

Churches as Assembly Places in Early Medieval Italy

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Alexandra Chavarría Arnau
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Medieval Italy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Written Sources

Since the end of the 19th century, Italian historiography concerning the beginnings of the ‘comune’ has identified the expression ante ecclesia in convento, from chapter 343 of the Lombard Edict of Rothari, as evidence of an early medieval communal organisation based on earlier Roman structures. This interpretation is of significance not only for the history of cities, but also for the countryside and the organisation of commons. This chapter explores the function of churches and their surroundings as places of assembly, analysing other Italian written sources that mention meetings of a non-ecclesiastical character in relation to these buildings, and introduces the archaeological evidence to identify where exactly these meetings could have been conducted

Total Landscapes (250 BC to the Early Roman Period)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradley ◽  
Colin Haselgrove ◽  
Marc Vander Linden ◽  
Leo Webley
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
First Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
North West ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Written Sources

By the late first century BC, most of north-west Europe had been incorporated into the Roman Empire or had fallen under its shadow. This has profoundly affected how the late Iron Age is perceived and studied. Being able to view peoples and places through written sources and coin inscriptions means that the archaeology of the period is often approached very differently to those discussed in previous chapters, with greater emphasis on historical events and causality. The chronology encourages this. Late La Tène sites on the Continent can now be dated to within a generation or so, anchored by a growing number of dendrochronological fixed points (Kaenel 2006; Durost and Lambert 2007), although similar precision is rarely attainable in northern Europe or in Ireland and northern Britain, which rely largely on radiocarbon dating. The prevailing narrative for the late Iron Age in central Europe, Gaul, and southern Britain—essentially the areas that later became part of the Roman empire—is one of increasing hierarchy, social complexity, political centralization, urbanization, and economic development. These changes are seen as bound up with increasing contact with the Mediterranean world, leading up to the Roman conquests of the first centuries BC and AD. This is contrasted with the situation in northern Britain, Ireland, and ‘Germanic’ northern Europe, which are assumed to have been more tradition-bound and resistant to change. As we shall see, recent excavations do not necessarily contradict this narrative, but they do suggest that the picture is far more complex. Not all developments can be fitted into the story of growing social complexity, whilst to assume that Roman expansion was the most important factor at work at this period is to see events through the eyes of Classical writers (Bradley 2007). It is important to understand late Iron Age societies in their own terms, rather than just as precursors to provincial Roman societies. Many influential approaches to the period—from core–periphery models to the current emphasis on the agency of client rulers (Creighton 2000)—suffer from teleology as a result of having been constructed with half an eye to explaining the pattern of Roman expansion.

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