scholarly journals A Male-Female Genotype-By-Genotype Interaction Mediates The Effect Of Mating On Female Immunity In Decorated Crickets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie J. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Female Genotype ◽  
Genotype Interaction

scholarly journals Traits that influence longevity in mice: a second look.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
K B Dear ◽  
M Salazar ◽  
A L Watson ◽  
R S Gelman ◽  
R Bronson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Dominant Black

Abstract Analysis of genetic interactions in the F2 of an intercross of (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F1J revealed influences of genetic factors on life span. Females lived longer than males. Dilute brown females died sooner than females of other colors. H-2b/H-2b males died sooner than H-2b/H-2d or H-2d/H-2d males, except that among dilute brown males those of typeH-2b/H-2d died sooner. Cluster analysis suggested that male and female genotypes each fall into two groups, with female dilute brown mice having shorter lives than other females, and male H-2b/H-2b mice except dilute brown and dilute brown H-2b/H-2d mice having shorter lives than other males. The association of heterozygosity with life span was clearer in females than in males, yet the longest-lived female genotype was homozygous H-2d/H-2d, of dominant Black phenotype at the Brown locus of chromosome 4, and homozygous dd at the Dilute locus of chromosome 9. The shortest-lived females were dilute brown H-2b/H-2b. The longest-lived and shortest-lived male genotypes were dilute brown H-2d/H-2d and dilute brown H-2b/H-2d, respectively. Although histological findings at postmortem differed between the sexes, there was no association of particular disorders with other genetic markers. The importance of H-2 in males was confirmed, but the allelic effects were perturbed, possibly by the absence of Sendai infection in this experiment. Overall our studies suggest that genetic influences on life span involve interactions between loci, and allelic interactions may change with viral infections or other environmental factors.

scholarly journals Female genotype affects male success in sperm competition

1997 ◽  
Vol 264 (1387) ◽  
pp. 1491-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wilson ◽  
Simon C. Tubman ◽  
Paul E. Eady ◽  
Gordon W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Female Genotype

scholarly journals Does segregating variation in sexual or microhabitat preferences lead to non-random mating within a population of Drosophila melanogaster ?

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad R. Foley ◽  
Anne Genissel ◽  
Harmon L. Kristy ◽  
Sergey V. Nuzhdin
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences

Variation in female choice for mates has implications for the maintenance of genetic variation and the evolution of male traits. Yet, estimates of population-level variation in male mating success owing to female genotype are rare. Here, we used a panel of recombinant inbred lines to estimate the strength of selection at many genetic loci in a single generation and attempt to assess differences between females with respect to the males they mated with. We performed selection assays in a complex environment to allow differences in habitat or social group preference to be expressed. We detected directional selection at loci across the genome, but are unable to provide support for differential male success because of variation in female genotype.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Coat Color Genes on Milling Qualities of Red Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Subedi ◽  
Lope G. Tabil ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Economic Trait ◽  
Milling Characteristics ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Dehulling Efficiency ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Seed Coats

Efficient milling is the key economic trait for the red lentil industry. Various seed characteristics including seed coat color can influence milling characteristics. Four basic seed coat ground colors (green, gray, tan, and brown) of 16 red lentil genotypes from a common genetic background were compared to determine the effect of seed coat color genes on three key milling quality traits: dehulling efficiency (DE), milling recovery (MR), and football recovery (FR). These genotypes were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan, Canada for two years. DE, MR, and FR results varied depending on the seed coat color conferred by specific genotypes. Green and gray seed coat color (homozygous recessive tgc allele) genotypes had significantly higher DE and MR percentages compared to brown or tan seed coat types (homozygous dominant Tgc allele) depending on genotype interaction with site-year. Seeds with brown or tan seed coats had significantly higher FR percentages in two site-years. Red cotyledon lentils with uniform shape and green or gray seed coat color might be more profitable for millers who wish to maximize DE and MR of red lentil, but brown seed coat color might be preferable in terms of FR.

scholarly journals Assessing the acoustic behaviour of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) dsxF mutants: implications for vector control

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Su ◽  
Marcos Georgiades ◽  
Judit Bagi ◽  
Kyros Kyrou ◽  
Andrea Crisanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Release of gene-drive mutants to suppress Anopheles mosquito reproduction is a promising method of malaria control. However, many scientific, regulatory and ethical questions remain before transgenic mosquitoes can be utilised in the field. At a behavioural level, gene-drive carrying mutants should be at least as sexually attractive as the wildtype populations they compete against, with a key element of Anopheles copulation being acoustic courtship. We analysed sound emissions and acoustic preference in a doublesex mutant previously used to collapse Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) cages. Methods Anopheles rely on flight tones produced by the beating of their wings for acoustic mating communication. We assessed the impact of disrupting a female-specific isoform of the doublesex gene (dsxF) on the wing beat frequency (WBF; measured as flight tone) of males (XY) and females (XX) in homozygous dsxF− mutants (dsxF−/−), heterozygous dsxF− carriers (dsxF+/−) and G3 dsxF+ controls (dsxF+/+). To exclude non-genetic influences, we controlled for temperature and wing length. We used a phonotaxis assay to test the acoustic preferences of mutant and control mosquitoes. Results A previous study showed an altered phenotype only for dsxF−/− females, who appear intersex, suggesting that the female-specific dsxF allele is haplosufficient. We identified significant, dose-dependent increases in the WBF of both dsxF−/− and dsxF+/− females compared to dsxF+/+ females. All female WBFs remained significantly lower than male equivalents, though. Males showed stronger phonotactic responses to the WBFs of control dsxF+/+ females than to those of dsxF+/− and dsxF−/− females. We found no evidence of phonotaxis in any female genotype. No male genotypes displayed any deviations from controls. Conclusions A prerequisite for anopheline copulation is the phonotactic attraction of males towards female flight tones within mating swarms. Reductions in mutant acoustic attractiveness diminish their mating efficiency and thus the efficacy of population control efforts. Caged population assessments may not successfully reproduce natural mating scenarios. We propose to amend existing testing protocols to better reflect competition between mutants and target populations. Our findings confirm that dsxF disruption has no effect on males; for some phenotypic traits, such as female WBFs, the effects of dsxF appear dose-dependent rather than haplosufficient.

scholarly journals ACE/ACTN3 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS`

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Jeremic ◽  
Ivana Zivanovic Macuzic ◽  
Maja Vulovic ◽  
Jelena Stevanovic ◽  
Dragan Radovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Objective: Previous studies have shown controversial relationships between ACE and ACTN3 gene polymorphisms and sports performance. Thus, the aim of our study was to assess anaerobic and aerobic performance indicators of young female soccer players with different ACE/ACTN3 gene profiles. Methods: Twenty-seven female soccer players aged 16-18 underwent acceleration, speed, strength, anaerobic power and aerobic endurance tests and had their ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms determined. Results: Based on genetic analysis, they were divided into the following groups: ACE II (n=2), ACE ID (n=11), ACE DD (n=14), ACTN3 XX (n=5), ACTN3 RR (n=7) and ACTN3 RX (n=15). ACE DD and ACE ID groups differed significantly in terms of results achieved on the 5 m sprint test (1.15±0.05 s vs 1.10±0.05 s, P=0.42). ACTN3 RR and RX achieved better results than the ACTN3 XX group in seven continuous vertical jumps (26.57±1.59 cm vs 25.77±2.51 cm vs 22.86±1.16 cm, respectively; P=0.007 for RR vs XX and P=0.021 for RX vs XX). Conclusion: High prevalence of ACE DD and ACTN3 RX genotypes in our subjects may suggest that faster and more powerful young females tend to perform better in soccer. Nevertheless, the absence of differences in most of the physical test results indicates that different genotypes are compatible with high-level soccer performance, meaning that it is the phenotype-genotype interaction that makes a successful female soccer player. Level of Evidence I, Prognostic studies — Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on disease outcome.

The ecology and genetics of fitness in Chlamydomonas . II. The properties of mixtures of strains

1990 ◽  
Vol 240 (1298) ◽  
pp. 323-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Unicellular Green Alga ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Predictor Of Success ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Whether or not mixtures of strains possess special properties depends on whether or not their component genotypes interact with one another. This paper describes a series of experiments designed to investigate genotype-by-genotype interaction among species of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas when grown axenically as liquid cultures in chemically defined media. It was shown that strains varied substantially in their average effect on the overall production of mixed cultures, and that specific interactions between pairs of genotypes were also significant, though small. This conclusion was confirmed by experiments in which strains were cultured separately in growth medium that had been con­ditioned by the prior culture of another strain. However, there was no consistent general tendency for mixtures to be more productive than the average of their components in pure culture; some mixtures in some physical environments were markedly more productive than their com­ponent means, but other mixtures in other environments were markedly less productive. The average effect of a strain on the production of mixtures was uncorrelated with its performance in pure culture, showing that fitness measured in pure culture may be a poor predictor of success in mixed populations. However, the average effect of a strain in simple mixtures was correlated with its effect in more complex mixtures. Com­plex mixtures themselves displayed properties similar to, but more extreme than, those of simple mixtures; thus, in an environment where pairwise mixtures tended to outyield pure cultures, excess production tended to increase with mixture complexity. The results of these experiments seem to be consistent with those of comparable agronomic trials.

Post-weaning growth of Hereford and first-cross heifers grazing three pasture systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Hearnshaw ◽  
R. E. Darnell ◽  
R. Barlow ◽  
Virginia Finch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Pelvic Area ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Similar Body

SummaryThe post-weaning growth, frame size and body condition of Hereford (H × H), Brahman × Hereford (B × H), Simmental × Hereford (S × H) and Friesian × Hereford (F × H) heifers were evaluated on three pasture systems in each of five years. One group of heifers was grown from weaning (at 8 months of age) to 18 months on the high-pasture system, which included supplementation with grain, while the other two groups were grown to 30 months on pastures of medium or low quality. Pasture effects were large compared with differences between years, with average daily gains between weaning and 18 months of 552, 275 and 97 g/day on high, medium and low pastures, respectively. Genotype had a significant effect on all measurements. Pasture × genotype interaction was significant in most instances. While crosses grew faster and were heavier than H × H on all pastures, S × H were heaviest by 18 months on high pasture, with B × H heaviest at all ages up to 30 months on both medium and low pastures. There was little difference in live weight between B × H and F × H on high pasture, or between S × H and F × H on medium pasture, whereas F × H was heavier than S × H on low pasture. There were concomitant differences in measures of skeletal size, but when adjusted allometrically to a common live weight, pasture effects were removed, while differences between genotypes remained. At a common live weight F × H had the largest height, length and pelvic area, but shared the lowest body condition with S × H. Pelvic height was greatest among B × H heifers, but this cross had similar body length, condition and subcutaneous fat cover to H × H. The pattern of genotype × pasture interaction observed in this study was similar to that observed by Darnell, Hearnshaw & Barlow (1987) for growth rate among contemporary steers located in different environments.

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